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Bakhar
''Bakhar'' is a form of historical narrative written in Marathi prose. are one of the earliest genres of medieval Marathi literature. More than 200 bakhars were written in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, the most important of them chronicling the deeds of the Maratha ruler Shivaji. Bakhars are considered valuable resources depicting the Maratha view of history, but also criticized for falsification, embellishment and magnification of facts. Etymology Most scholars believe that the word is a metathesis of the Arabic-origin word ''khabar'' ("information"). S N Joshi argues that the word is derived from the Persian word ''khair'' or ''bakhair'' ("all is well", the end salutation in a letter), since it appears at the end of most texts. Bapuji Sankpal argued that the word is derived from the Sanskrit-origin word ''akhyayika'' ("story") or it could be bhyaakh ( bhiyakhya) . Style The principal characteristics of are that they were written in prose, had a forceful style of w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
91 Kalami Bakhar
''Shri Shiva Chhatrapatichi 91 Kalmi Bakhar'', better known as ''91-Kalami Bakhar'', is a Marathi language biography of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. Its name is also transliterated as , and . Organized into 91 sections (), it is an important source of information about Shivaji's life for modern historians. The original text was composed by Shivaji's courtier Dattaji Trimal, but is now lost: its extracts survive in later recensions. Although the original text was the earliest bakhar about Shivaji's life, the interpolations in these recensions have rendered the surviving text unreliable. Original text According to tradition, the was written by Shivaji's courtier Dattaji Trimbak (or Trimal) Wakenavis (or Waknis), who was a member of his Ashta Pradhan council of ministers, and accompanied him to the Mughal court in Agra. Internal evidence suggests that the original text was written before 1713, probably as early as before 1685. Later recensions The original tex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhausahebanchi Bakhar
Bhausahebanchi Bakhar is a narrative of the Battle of Panipat fought in 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the Durrani Empire of Ahmad Shah Abdali. It is written in the Marathi language. According to some historians, the author of the book was anonymous, but other historians have named one Krishnaji Shamrao as the author. Given the vivid descriptions, it is believed that Shamrao may have witnessed the battle. According to K. N. Sane, the angle and favorable remarks towards some characters in the narrative is suggestive of Shamrao being an official of the Scindia The Scindia dynasty (anglicized from Shinde) is a Hindu Maratha dynasty of maratha origin that ruled the erstwhile State of Gwalior. It had the Patil-ship of Kumberkerrab in Wai. It was founded by Ranoji Scindia, who started as a personal serv .... References {{reflist History of India Panipat Maratha Empire Durrani Empire Bakhars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chitnis Bakhar
''Shakakarte Chhatrapati Shri Shivaji Maharaj yanche Saptaprakaranatmak Charitra'', better known as ''Chitnis Bakhar'', is a Marathi language biography of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. It was written by Malhar Ramaaao Chitnis, a biographer and historian. His great-grandfather was the "celebrated" chitnis under Shivaji. The biography had been ordered to be written by king Shahu II of Satara, but the work was completed after his death in 1808, during 1810–1811. The author wrote seven bakhars (chronicles) in total, including six biographies of the Maratha kings (''chhatrapatis''), and a treatise on political diplomacy('Rajniti') which he based on Sanskrit Nitishastras and other old Sanskrit literature. ''Chitnis Bakhar'' is not arranged chronologically, and does not cite any sources. The text glorifies Shivaji with narratives of his early life, but these narratives are not substantiated by other sources. Historian Jadunath Sarkar Sir Jadunath Sarkar (10 December ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shivaji
Shivaji Bhonsale I (; 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680), also referred to as Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur which formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the '' Chhatrapati'' of his realm at Raigad Fort. Over the course of his life, Shivaji engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire, the Sultanate of Golkonda, Sultanate of Bijapur and the European colonial powers. Shivaji's military forces expanded the Maratha sphere of influence, capturing and building forts, and forming a Maratha navy. Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil rule with well-structured administrative organisations. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions, court conventions and promoted the usage of the Marathi and Sanskrit languages, replacing Persian in court and admi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabhasad Bakhar
''Shri-Shiva-Prabhuche-Charitra'' ( IAST: ''Śrī-Śiva-Prabhuce-Caritra''), better known as ''Sabhasad Bakhar'', is a Marathi language biography of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. It was written by Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad at Jinji, at the court of Shivaji's son Rajaram in 1697. The text describes several notable events in Shivaji's life, including Shivaji's killing of Afzal Khan, his visit to and escape from the Mughal court, his coronation, and his meeting with Venkoji. Since the author was a contemporary of Shivaji, it is considered the most reliable bakhar ''Bakhar'' is a form of historical narrative written in Marathi prose. are one of the earliest genres of medieval Marathi literature. More than 200 bakhars were written in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, the most important of them chroni ... about the king's life. References 1697 books Shivaji 17th-century Indian books Bakhars Biographies about royalty {{royal-bio-book-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maratha Empire
The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern Indian confederation that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. Maratha rule formally began in 1674 with the coronation of Shivaji of the Bhonsle Dynasty as the '' Chhatrapati'' (Marathi: "The title "Chhatrapati" was created by Shivaji upon his coronation"). Although Shivaji came from the Maratha caste, the Maratha empire also included warriors, administrators and other notables from Maratha and several other castes from Maharashtra. They are largely credited for ending the Mughal control over the Indian subcontinent and establishing the Maratha Empire. The religious attitude of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb estranged non-Muslims, and his inability to finish the resulting Maratha uprising after a 27-year war at a great cost to his men and treasure, eventually ensued Maratha ascendency and control over sizeable portions of former Mughal lands in the north or ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jadunath Sarkar
Sir Jadunath Sarkar (10 December 1870 – 19 May 1958) was a prominent Indian historian and a specialist on the Mughal dynasty. Academic career Sarkar was born in Karachmaria village in Natore, Bengal to Rajkumar Sarkar, the local Zamindar on 10 December 1870. In 1891, he graduated in English from Presidency College, Calcutta. In 1892, he topped the Master of Arts examination, in English at Calcutta University and in 1897, he received the Premchand-Roychand Scholarship. In 1893, he was inducted as a faculty of English literature at Ripon College, Calcutta (later renamed Surendranath College). In 1898, he was appointed at Presidency College, Calcutta after getting selected in the Provincial Education Services. In between, from 1917 to 1919, he taught modern Indian history in Benaras Hindu University and from 1919 to 1923, both English and history, at Ravenshaw College, Cuttack. In 1923, he became an honorary member of the Royal Asiatic Society of London. In August 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade
Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade (12 July 1863 – 31 December 1926), popularly known as ''Itihasacharya'' Rajwade, was a historian, scholar, writer, commentator and orator from Maharashtra, India. He is considered to be the first in real sense to undertake an immense research of Maratha history by visiting hundreds of villages and historical places all over India and gathering thousands of historical papers. He was also a commentator on various aspects of world history. He was the founder member of Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal, Pune. His students include historians like Datto Vaman Potdar, Vasudeo Sitaram Bendrey and G. H. Khare. The historian, Ram Sharan Sharma says: "With his unadulterated passion for research, V.K.Rajwade went from village to village in Maharashtra in search of Sanskrit manuscripts and sources of Maratha history; which were published in twenty-two volumes." Rajwade should not be confused with "Ahitagni" Shankar Ramchandra Rajwade, the Vedic scholar. The Indian H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Grant Duff
James Grant Duff (8 July 1789 – 23 September 1858) was a British soldier and historian from Scotland, who was active in British India. Early life Born James Grant, Duff was the eldest son of John Grant of Kincardine O'Neil and Margaret Miln Duff of Eden, who died 20 August 1824. When his father died about 1799, his mother moved to Aberdeen, where he went to school, and then onto the Marischal College. Military career Grant Duff was to become a civil servant of the East India Company, but being impatient at the prospect of delay in obtaining a post he accepted a cadetship in 1805 and sailed for Bombay. After completing the cadet training in Bombay, he joined the Bombay Grenadiers. In 1808 Duff participated as an ensign in the storming of Maliah, a fortified stronghold of freebooters, where he displayed bravery. At an unusually early age he became adjutant to his regiment and Persian interpreter, and was even more influential in it than this position indicated. While stil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scindia
The Scindia dynasty (anglicized from Shinde) is a Hindu Maratha dynasty of maratha origin that ruled the erstwhile State of Gwalior. It had the Patil-ship of Kumberkerrab in Wai. It was founded by Ranoji Scindia, who started as a personal servant of the Peshwa Bajirao I. Ranoji and his descendents along with their rivals the Holkars, played a leading role during the Maratha ascendency in North india during the 18th century. The Gwalior state was a princely state under the British Raj during the 19th and the 20th centuries. After India's independence in 1947, several members of the Scindia family went on to enter Indian politics. Foundation The Scindia dynasty was founded by Ranoji Scindia, a personal servant of Bajirao I Peshwa. Ranoji prospered early under Bajirao because of the favorable circumstances created by the appointment of Bajirao as the Peshwa at the age of twenty.This had evoked jealousy from senior officials like Anant Ram Sumant, Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marathi Language
Marathi (; ''Marāṭhī'', ) is an Indo-Aryan language predominantly spoken by Marathi people in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the official language of Maharashtra, and additional official language in the state of Goa. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India, with 83 million speakers as of 2011. Marathi ranks 11th in the list of languages with most native speakers in the world. Marathi has the third largest number of native speakers in India, after Hindi and Bengali. The language has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages. The major dialects of Marathi are Standard Marathi and the Varhadi dialect. Marathi distinguishes inclusive and exclusive forms of 'we' and possesses a three-way gender system, that features the neuter in addition to the masculine and the feminine. In its phonology, it contrasts apico-alveolar with alveopalatal affricates and alveolar with retroflex laterals ( and (Marathi letters and respectively). H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
