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Bitemporal Model
Bitemporal modeling is a specific case of temporal database information modeling technique designed to handle historical data along two different timelines. This makes it possible to rewind the information to "as it actually was" in combination with "as it was recorded" at some point in time. In order to be able to do so, information cannot be discarded even if it is erroneous. Within, for example, financial reporting it is often desirable to be able to recreate an old report both as it actually looked at the time of creation and as it should have looked given corrections made to the data after its creation. Implementations of bitemporal modeling can be done using relational databases and graph databases. As such, bitemporal modeling is considered different from dimensional modeling and complementary to database normalization. The SQL:2011 standard provides language constructs for working with bitemporal data. However, as of 2011 many of the current solutions were still vendor-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temporal Database
A temporal database stores data relating to time instances. It offers temporal data types and stores information relating to past, present and future time. Temporal databases can be uni-temporal, bi-temporal or tri-temporal. More specifically the temporal aspects usually include valid time, transaction time and/or decision time. * Valid time is the time period during or event time at which a fact is true in the real world. * Transaction time is the time at which a fact was recorded in the database. * Decision time is the time at which the decision was made about the fact. Used to keep a history of decisions about valid times. Types Uni-temporal A uni-temporal database has one axis of time, either the validity range or the system time range. Bi-temporal A bi-temporal database has two axes of time: * Valid time * Transaction time or decision time Tri-temporal A tri-temporal database has three axes of time: * Valid time * Transaction time * Decision time This approach intro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Datestamp
A timestamp is a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, usually giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a small fraction of a second. Timestamps do not have to be based on some absolute notion of time, however. They can have any epoch, can be relative to any arbitrary time, such as the power-on time of a system, or to some arbitrary time in the past. A distinction is sometimes made between the terms datestamp, timestamp and date-timestamp: * Datestamp or DS: A date, for example -- according to ISO 8601 * Timestamp or TS: A time of day, for example :: using 24-hour clock * Date-timestamp or DTS: Date and time, for example --, :: History The term "timestamp" derives from rubber stamps used in offices to stamp the current date, and sometimes time, in ink on paper documents, to record when the document was received. Common examples of this type of timestamp are a postmark on a letter or the "in" and "out" times on a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Modeling
Data modeling in software engineering is the process of creating a data model for an information system by applying certain formal techniques. It may be applied as part of broader Model-driven engineering (MDE) concept. Overview Data modeling is a process used to define and analyze data requirements needed to support the business processes within the scope of corresponding information systems in organizations. Therefore, the process of data modeling involves professional data modelers working closely with business stakeholders, as well as potential users of the information system. There are three different types of data models produced while progressing from requirements to the actual database to be used for the information system.Simison, Graeme. C. & Witt, Graham. C. (2005). ''Data Modeling Essentials''. 3rd Edition. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. The data requirements are initially recorded as a conceptual data model which is essentially a set of technology independent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Warehousing
In computing, a data warehouse (DW or DWH), also known as an enterprise data warehouse (EDW), is a system used for Business intelligence, reporting and data analysis and is a core component of business intelligence. Data warehouses are central Repository (version control), repositories of data integrated from disparate sources. They store current and historical data organized in a way that is optimized for data analysis, generation of reports, and developing insights across the integrated data. They are intended to be used by analysts and managers to help make organizational decisions. The data stored in the warehouse is uploaded from operational systems (such as marketing or sales). The data may pass through an operational data store and may require data cleansing for additional operations to ensure data quality before it is used in the data warehouse for reporting. The two main workflows for building a data warehouse system are extract, transform, load (ETL) and extract, load, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temporal Database
A temporal database stores data relating to time instances. It offers temporal data types and stores information relating to past, present and future time. Temporal databases can be uni-temporal, bi-temporal or tri-temporal. More specifically the temporal aspects usually include valid time, transaction time and/or decision time. * Valid time is the time period during or event time at which a fact is true in the real world. * Transaction time is the time at which a fact was recorded in the database. * Decision time is the time at which the decision was made about the fact. Used to keep a history of decisions about valid times. Types Uni-temporal A uni-temporal database has one axis of time, either the validity range or the system time range. Bi-temporal A bi-temporal database has two axes of time: * Valid time * Transaction time or decision time Tri-temporal A tri-temporal database has three axes of time: * Valid time * Transaction time * Decision time This approach intro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delta Encoding
Delta encoding is a way of storing or transmitting data in the form of '' differences'' (deltas) between sequential data rather than complete files; more generally this is known as data differencing. Delta encoding is sometimes called delta compression, particularly where archival histories of changes are required (e.g., in revision control software). The differences are recorded in discrete files called "deltas" or "diffs". In situations where differences are small – for example, the change of a few words in a large document or the change of a few records in a large table – delta encoding greatly reduces data redundancy. Collections of unique deltas are substantially more space-efficient than their non-encoded equivalents. From a logical point of view, the difference between two data values is the information required to obtain one value from the other – see relative entropy. The difference between identical values (under some equivalence) is often called ''0'' or the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TerminusDB
TerminusDB is an open source knowledge graph and document store. It is used to build versioned data products. It is a native revision control database that is architecturally similar to Git. It is listed on DB-Engines. TerminusDB provides a document API for building via the JSON exchange format. It implements both GraphQL and a datalog variant called WOQL. is a cloud self-serve content and data platform built on TerminusDB. TerminusDB is available under the Apache 2.0 license. TerminusDB is implemented in Prolog and Rust. History TerminusDB was founded in Dublin, Ireland. Starting in Trinity College Dublin, the development team behind TerminusDB ran the Horizon 2020 project ALIGNED that worked from February 2015 to January 2018. An open-access e-book entitled Engineering Agile Big-Data Systems was published on completion of the ALIGNED project. Version 1.0 was released in October 2019. TerminusDB was first released under the GPLv3 license with the client libraries release ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entity–attribute–value Model
An entity–attribute–value model (EAV) is a data model optimized for the space-efficient storage of sparse—or ''ad-hoc''—property or data values, intended for situations where runtime usage patterns are arbitrary, subject to user variation, or otherwise unforeseeable using a fixed design. The use-case targets applications which offer a large or rich system of defined property types, which are in turn appropriate to a wide set of entities, but where typically only a small, specific selection of these are instantiated (or persisted) for a given entity. Therefore, this type of data model relates to the mathematical notion of a sparse matrix. EAV is also known as object–attribute–value model, vertical database model, and open schema. Data structure This data representation is analogous to space-efficient methods of storing a sparse matrix, where only non-empty values are stored. In an EAV data model, each attribute–value pair is a fact describing an entity, and a row in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forbes
''Forbes'' () is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917. It has been owned by the Hong Kong–based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014. Its chairman and editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes. The company is headquartered in Jersey City, New Jersey. Sherry Phillips is the current CEO of Forbes as of January 1, 2025. Published eight times per year, ''Forbes'' feature articles on finance, industry, investing, and marketing topics. It also reports on related subjects such as technology, communications, science, politics, and law. It has an international edition in Asia as well as editions produced under license in 27 countries and regions worldwide. The magazine is known for its lists and rankings, including its lists of the richest Americans (the Forbes 400, ''Forbes'' 400), of 30 notable people under the age of 30 (the Forbes 30 Under 30, ''Forbes'' 30 under 30), of America's wealthiest celebrities, of the world's top companies (the Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MarkLogic
MarkLogic is an American software business that develops and provides an enterprise NoSQL database, which is also named ''MarkLogic''. They have offices in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia. In February 2023, MarkLogic was acquired by Progress Software for $355 million. Overview Founded in 2001 by Christopher Lindblad and Paul Pedersen, MarkLogic Corporation is a privately held company with over 500 employees that was acquired by Vector Capital in October 2020. History MarkLogic was originally named Cerisent when it was founded in 2001 by Christopher Lindblad, who was the Chief Architect of the Ultraseek search engine at Infoseek, as well as Paul Pedersen, a professor of computer science at Cornell University and UCLA, and Frank R. Caufield, Founder of Darwin Ventures, to address shortcomings with existing search and data products. The product first focused on using XML document markup standard and XQuery as the query standard for accessing collections of documen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Date-timestamp
A timestamp is a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, usually giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a small fraction of a second. Timestamps do not have to be based on some absolute notion of time, however. They can have any epoch, can be relative to any arbitrary time, such as the power-on time of a system, or to some arbitrary time in the past. A distinction is sometimes made between the terms datestamp, timestamp and date-timestamp: * Datestamp or DS: A date, for example -- according to ISO 8601 * Timestamp or TS: A time of day, for example :: using 24-hour clock * Date-timestamp or DTS: Date and time, for example --, :: History The term "timestamp" derives from rubber stamps used in offices to stamp the current date, and sometimes time, in ink on paper documents, to record when the document was received. Common examples of this type of timestamp are a postmark on a letter or the "in" and "out" times on a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information Modeling
An information model in software engineering is a representation of concepts and the relationships, constraints, rules, and Operation (mathematics), operations to specify Semantic data model, data semantics for a chosen domain of discourse. Typically it specifies relations between kinds of things, but may also include relations with individual things. It can provide sharable, stable, and organized structure of information requirements or knowledge for the domain context.Y. Tina Lee (1999)"Information modeling from design to implementation"National Institute of Standards and Technology. Overview The term ''information model'' in general is used for models of individual things, such as facilities, buildings, process plants, etc. In those cases, the concept is specialised to facility information model, Building information modeling, building information model, plant information model, etc. Such an information model is an integration of a model of the facility with the data and docum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
