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Banana Family
Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves with overlapping basal sheaths that form a pseudostem making some members appear to be woody trees. In most treatments, the family has three genera, '' Musella'', '' Musa'' and '' Ensete''. Cultivated bananas are commercially important members of the family, and many others are grown as ornamental plants. Taxonomy The family has been practically universally recognized by taxonomists, although with differing circumscriptions. Older circumscriptions of the family commonly included the genera now included in Heliconiaceae and Strelitziaceae. The APG III system, of 2009 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), assigns Musaceae to the order Zingiberales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. Genera As currently circumscribed the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musa × Paradisiaca
''Musa'' × ''paradisiaca'' is the accepted name for the hybrid between ''Musa acuminata'' and ''Musa balbisiana''. Most cultivated bananas and plantains are triploid cultivars either of this hybrid or of ''M. acuminata'' alone. Linnaeus originally used the name ''M. paradisiaca'' only for plantains or cooking bananas, but the modern usage includes hybrid cultivars used both for cooking and as dessert bananas. Linnaeus's name for dessert bananas, ''Musa sapientum'', is thus a synonym of ''Musa'' × ''paradisiaca''. Description Almost all cultivated plantains and many cultivated bananas are triploid cultivars of ''M.'' × ''paradisiaca''. It is believed that Southeast Asian farmers first domesticated ''M. acuminata''. When the cultivated plants spread north-west into areas where ''M. balbisiana'' was native (see map), hybrids between the two species occurred and were then developed further into a wide range of cultivars. Hundreds of cultivars of ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG System
The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved APG II in 2003, APG III system in 2009 and APG IV system in 2016. History The original APG system is unusual in being based, not on total evidence, but on the cladistic analysis of the DNA sequences of three genes, two chloroplast genes and one gene coding for ribosomes. Although based on molecular evidence only, its constituent groups prove to be supported by other evidence as well, for example pollen morphology supports the split between the eudicots and the rest of the former dicotyledons. The system is rather controversial in its decisions at the family level, splitting a number of long-established families and submerging some other families. It also is unusual in not using botanical names above the level of order, that is, an orde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Plantarum
' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the starting point for the naming of plants. Publication ' was published on 1 May 1753 by Laurentius Salvius in Stockholm, in two volumes. A second edition was published in 1762–1763, and a third edition in 1764, although this "scarcely differed" from the second. Further editions were published after Linnaeus' death in 1778, under the direction of Karl Ludwig Willdenow, the director of the Berlin Botanical Garden; the fifth edition (1800) was published in four volumes. Importance ' was the first botanical work to consistently apply the binomial nomenclature system of naming to any large group of organisms (Linnaeus' tenth edition of ' would apply the same technique to animals for the first time in 1758). Prior to this work, a plant spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plantain (true)
"True" plantains are a group of cultivars of the genus ''Musa'' ( bananas and plantains) placed in the African Plantain subgroup of the AAB chromsome group. Although "AAB" and "true plantain" are often used interchangeably, plantains are just the most popular varieties among the AABs. The term "plantain" can refer to all the banana cultivars which are normally eaten after cooking, rather than raw (see cooking banana), or it can refer to members of other subgroups of ''Musa'' cultivars, such as the Pacific plantains, although in Africa there is little to no distinction made between the two, as both are commonly cooked. True plantains are divided into four groups based on their bunch type: French, French Horn, False Horn, and Horn plantains. Each bunch type has a variety of cultivars associated with it: * French cultivars: 'Obino l'Ewai' (Nigeria), 'Nendran' (India), 'Dominico' (Colombia) * French Horn cultivars: 'Batard' (Cameroon), 'Mbang Okon' (Nigeria) * False Horn cultivars: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old World
The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe , after Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas. It is used to contrast the continents of Africa, Europe, and Asia, which were previously thought of by their inhabitants as comprising the entire world, with the "New World", a term for the newly encountered lands of the Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas. Etymology In the context of archaeology and world history, the term "Old World" includes those parts of the world which were in (indirect) cultural contact from the Bronze Age onwards, resulting in the parallel development of the early civilizations, mostly in the temperate zone between roughly the 45th and 25th parallels north, in the area of the Mediterranean, including North Africa. It also included Mesopotamia, the Persian plateau, the Indian subcontinent, China, and parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. These regions were connected via the Silk Road trade route, and they have a p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lowiaceae
''Orchidantha'' is a genus of flowering plants. In the APG III system, it is placed in the family Lowiaceae, as the sole genus. It includes the plants in the formerly recognised genera ''Lowia'' and ''Protamomum''. ''Orchidantha'' remains a poorly known genus, found from southern China to Borneo. ''Orchidantha'' means "orchid-flower", as one of the petals on the flowers is modified into a labellum, like the flowers of orchids. One species, ''Orchidantha inouei'' of Borneo, imitates the smell of dung in order to attract small ''Onthophagus'' dung beetles as pollinators. Taxonomy Species , the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (usually abbreviated to WCSP) is an "international collaborative programme that provides the latest peer reviewed and published opinions on the accepted scientific names and synonyms of selected plan ... accepted 17 species:Search for "Orchidantha", References Bibliography * External l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marantaceae
The Marantaceae are a family, the arrowroot family, of flowering plants consisting of 31 genera and around 530 species, defining it as one of the most species-rich families in its order.Kennedy, H. (2000). “Diversification in pollination mechanisms in the Marantaceae”. Pp. 335-343 in Monocots: systematics and evolution, eds. K. L. Wilson and D. A. Morrison. Melbourne: CSIROLey, A. C., and Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2011). “Evolution in African Marantaceae - evidence from phylogenetic, ecological and morphological studies”. Syst. Bot. 36, 277–290. doi: 10.1600/036364411X569480 Species of this family are found in lowland tropical forests of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The majority (80%) of the species are found in the American tropics, followed by Asian (11%) and African (9%) tropics. They are commonly called the prayer-plant family and are also known for their unique secondary pollination presentation. Description The plants usually have underground rhizomes or tubers. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannaceae
''Canna'' or canna lily is the only genus of flowering plants in the family Cannaceae, consisting of 10 species.The Cannaceae of the World, H. Maas-van der Kamer & P.J.M. Maas, BLUMEA 53: 247-318 Cannas are not true lilies, but have been assigned by the APG II system of 2003 to the order Zingiberales in the monocot clade Commelinids, together with their closest relatives, the gingers, spiral gingers, bananas, arrowroots, heliconias, and birds of paradise. The plants have large foliage, so horticulturists have developed selected forms as large-flowered garden plants. Cannas are also used in agriculture as a source of starch for human and animal consumption. Khoshoo, T.N. & Guha, I. - Origin and Evolution of Cultivated Cannas. Vikas Publishing House Although plants of the tropics, most cultivars have been developed in temperate climates and are easy to grow in most countries of the world, as long as they receive at least 6–8 hours average sunlight during the summer, and ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costaceae
Costaceae, known as the ''Costus'' family or spiral gingers, is a family of pantropical monocots. It belongs to the order Zingiberales, which contains horticulturally and economically important plants such as the banana (Musaceae), bird-of-paradise (Strelitziaceae), and edible ginger (Zingiberaceae). The seven genera in Costaceae together contain about 143 known species (1 in ''Monocostus'', 2 in ''Dimerocostus'', 16 in ''Tapeinochilos'', 2 in ''Paracostus'', 8 in ''Chamaecostus'', c. 5 in ''Hellenia'', and c. 80 in ''Costus'').Chelsea D. Specht & Dennis Wm. Stevenson. 2006. "A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales)".''Taxon'' 55(1):153-163. (See ''External links'' below). They are native to tropical climates of Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Several species are frequently found in cultivation. Description The simple leaves are entire and spirally arranged, with those toward the base of the stem usually bladeless. Leaf bases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zingiberaceae
Zingiberaceae () or the ginger family is a family of flowering plants made up of about 50 genera with a total of about 1600 known species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Many of the family's species are important ornamental, spice, or medicinal plants. Ornamental genera include the shell gingers ('' Alpinia''), Siam or summer tulip ('' Curcuma alismatifolia''), '' Globba'', ginger lily ('' Hedychium''), '' Kaempferia'', torch-ginger '' Etlingera elatior'', ''Renealmia'', and ginger (''Zingiber''). Spices include ginger (''Zingiber''), galangal or Thai ginger ('' Alpinia galanga'' and others), melegueta pepper (''Aframomum melegueta''), myoga (''Zingiber mioga''), korarima (''Aframomum corrorima''), turmeric (''Curcuma''), and cardamom ('' Amomum'', '' Elettaria''). Description Members of the family are small to large herbaceous plants with distichous leaves with basal she ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zingiberineae
The ginger-familiesKress, W.J. & Specht, C.D. 2005. Between Cancer and Capricorn: Phylogeny, evolution and ecology of the primarily tropical Zingiberales. ''Biol. Skr.'' 55: 459-478. ISSN 0366-3612. . [Pp. 459-478, in Friis, I., y Balslev, H. (eds), Proceedings of a Symposium on Plant Diversity and Complexity Patterns - Local, Regional and Global Dimensions. Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, Copenhagen.] http://spechtlab.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/spechtlab/publications/12%20Kress%20and%20Specht%202005.pdf and references thereinAndersson, L. (1998). «Strelitziaceae». In: K. Kubitzki. ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants. Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae).'' Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 451-454. or ginger groupKress, W. J. (1990). The phylogeny and classification of the Zingiberales. ''Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden'', 698-721. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399669 or Core ZingiberalesJudd et al. 2007. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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