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Pernastela
''Pernastela'' is a genus of three pinhead or dot snail species that are endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. Species * ''Pernastela charon'' Iredale, 1944 – lowland forest pinhead snail * ''Pernastela gnoma'' Iredale, 1944 – dwarf pinhead snail * ''Pernastela howensis ''Pernastela howensis'', also known as the Lord Howe pinhead snail, is a tiny species of land snail that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. Description The trochoidal shell of the mature snail is 1.8–2.1 mm in ...'' Iredale, 1944 – Lord Howe pinhead snail References * Gastropod genera Taxa named by Tom Iredale Gastropods described in 1944 Gastropods of Lord Howe Island {{Punctidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tom Iredale
Tom Iredale (24 March 1880 – 12 April 1972) was an English-born ornithologist and malacologist who had a long association with Australia, where he lived for most of his life. He was an Autodidacticism, autodidact who never went to university and lacked formal training. This was reflected in his later work; he never revised his manuscripts and never used a typewriter. Early life Iredale was born at Stainburn, Workington in Cumberland, England. He was apprenticed to a pharmacist from 1899 to 1901, and used to go bird watching and egg collecting in the Lake District with fellow chemist William Carruthers Lawrie. New Zealand Iredale emigrated to New Zealand following medical advice, as he had health issues. He may possibly have had tuberculosis. According to a letter to Will Lawrie dated 25 January 1902, he arrived in Wellington, New Zealand in December 1901, and travelled at once on to Lyttelton, New Zealand, Lyttelton and Christchurch. On his second day in Christchurch, he dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a Megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with Deserts of Australia, deserts in the centre, tropical Forests of Australia, rainforests in the north-east, and List of mountains in Australia, mountain ranges in the south-east. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south east Asia approximately Early human migrations#Nearby Oceania, 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord Howe Island
Lord Howe Island (; formerly Lord Howe's Island) is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, part of the Australian state of New South Wales. It lies directly east of mainland Port Macquarie, northeast of Sydney, and about southwest of Norfolk Island. It is about long and between wide with an area of , though just of that comprise the low-lying developed part of the island. Along the west coast is a sandy semi-enclosed sheltered coral reef lagoon. Most of the population lives in the north, while the south is dominated by forested hills rising to the highest point on the island, Mount Gower (). The Lord Howe Island Group comprises 28 islands, islets, and rocks. Apart from Lord Howe Island itself, the most notable of these is the volcanic and uninhabited Ball's Pyramid about to the southeast of Howe. To the north lies a cluster of seven small uninhabited islands called the Admiralty Group. The first repo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tasman Sea
The Tasman Sea (Māori: ''Te Tai-o-Rēhua'', ) is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand. It measures about across and about from north to south. The sea was named after the Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman, who in 1642 was the first known person to cross it. British explorer Lieutenant James Cook later extensively navigated the Tasman Sea in the 1770s during his three voyages of exploration. The Tasman Sea is informally referred to in both Australian and New Zealand English as the Ditch; for example, "crossing the Ditch" means travelling to Australia from New Zealand, or vice versa. The diminutive term "the Ditch" used for the Tasman Sea is comparable to referring to the North Atlantic Ocean as "the Pond". Climate The south of the sea is passed over by depressions going from west to east. The northern limit of these westerly winds is near to 40°S. During the southern winter, from April to October, the northern branch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernastela Charon
''Pernastela charon'', also known as the lowland forest pinhead snail, is a species of land snail that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. Description The trochoidal shell of the mature snail is 2.1–2.5 mm in height, with a diameter of 3.2–3.5 mm, and a raised spire. It is cream to pale golden-brown in colour. The whorls are rounded and flattened below an angular periphery, with moderately spaced radial ribs. It has a roundedly lunate aperture, flattened on the upper side by a reflected lip, and a moderately wide umbilicus. Distribution and habitat The snail is commonest in the settlement area of the island's lowlands, inhabiting plant litter in mixed forest. References * charon In Greek mythology, Charon or Kharon (; grc, Χάρων) is a psychopomp, the ferryman of Hades, the Greek underworld. He carries the souls of those who have been given funeral rites across the rivers Acheron and Styx, which separate the wo ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernastela Gnoma
''Pernastela gnoma'', also known as the dwarf pinhead snail, is a tiny species of land snail that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. Description The trochoidal shell of the mature snail is 0.8 mm in height, with a diameter of 1.2–1.3 mm, and a moderate spire. It is golden-brown in colour. The whorls are shouldered and sutures impressed, with moderately spaced radial ribs. It has an ovately lunate aperture and a narrow umbilicus. Distribution and habitat The snail is common and widespread across the island, inhabiting plant litter. References * gnoma ''Gnoma'' is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, Retrieved on 8 September ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernastela Howensis
''Pernastela howensis'', also known as the Lord Howe pinhead snail, is a tiny species of land snail that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. Description The trochoidal shell of the mature snail is 1.8–2.1 mm in height, with a diameter of 3–3.3 mm, and a raised spire. It is cream to pale golden-brown in colour. The whorls are shouldered and sutures impressed, with widely spaced radial ribs. It has an roundly lunate aperture, flattened on the upper side by the reflected lip, and a moderately wide umbilicus. The animal is unknown. Distribution and habitat The snail is known only from three worn shells collected from the summit of Mount Gower in 1912, and it may be extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and .... References * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernastela
''Pernastela'' is a genus of three pinhead or dot snail species that are endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. Species * ''Pernastela charon'' Iredale, 1944 – lowland forest pinhead snail * ''Pernastela gnoma'' Iredale, 1944 – dwarf pinhead snail * ''Pernastela howensis ''Pernastela howensis'', also known as the Lord Howe pinhead snail, is a tiny species of land snail that is endemic to Australia's Lord Howe Island in the Tasman Sea. Description The trochoidal shell of the mature snail is 1.8–2.1 mm in ...'' Iredale, 1944 – Lord Howe pinhead snail References * Gastropod genera Taxa named by Tom Iredale Gastropods described in 1944 Gastropods of Lord Howe Island {{Punctidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod Genera
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and repro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxa Named By Tom Iredale
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and given a particular ranking, especially if and when it is accepted or becomes established. It is very common, however, for taxonomists to remain at odds over what belongs to a taxon and the criteria used for inclusion. If a taxon is given a formal scientific name, its use is then governed by one of the nomenclature codes specifying which scientific name is correct for a particular grouping. Initial attempts at classifying and ordering organisms (plants and animals) were set forth in Carl Linnaeus's system in ''Systema Naturae'', 10th edition (1758), as well as an unpublished work by Bernard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. The idea of a unit-based system of biological classification was first made widely available in 1805 in the intro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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