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ZiL
OJSC AMO ZiL, known fully as the Public Joint-Stock Company – Likhachov Plant () and more commonly called ZiL (, was a major Russian automobile, truck, military vehicle, and heavy equipment manufacturer that was based in Moscow, Russia. The last ZiL vehicle was assembled in 2012. The company continues to exist only as real-estate development site, on which a new urban district will be built by the LSR Group construction company. History The factory was founded on 2 August 1916 as the Moscow Automotive Society or AMO (). The factory was completed in 1917, just before the Russian Revolution, Revolution, and was built south of Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ... near Moscow River in Tjufeleva grove. It was a modern building with the latest in American equ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZiL Lane
ZiL lanes (also sometimes called "Chaika lanes") are lanes on some principal roads in Moscow dedicated to vehicles carrying senior government officials. Known officially in Russian as ''rezervniye polosy'' ("reserved lanes") notably but not exclusively used by ZiL and Chaika brand limousines transporting high ranking government and military functionaries of the Soviet Union. ZiL lanes emerged in the 1960s during the rule of Leonid Brezhnev, replacing the previous system of having other vehicles flagged down to make way for those of top officials. A two way lane was inserted into the middle of some of Moscow's main highways in place of the central reservations, and were off-limits to all traffic but authorised civilian and emergency service vehicles. ZiL lanes and restricted routes caused considerable disruption to Moscow's traffic because of the absolute priority given to their users. ''The Guardian's'' Martin Kettle described the frustration they caused to ordinary motorists in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZIL-4104
The ZIL-4104 was a limousine built by ZIL from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, when it served as the transport of the elite of the Soviet Union. It is estimated that no more than fifty cars were produced each year. Originally designated ZIL-115, the ZIL-4104 was an update of the ZIL-114 with which it shared the same chassis and over half its mechanical components. Despite sharing the same chassis, the ZIL-4104 was as much as 314 kg (692 lb) heavier than the 114. Limusina ZiL-115 - San Petersburgo-007.jpg, Limusina ZiL-115 - San Petersburgo-001.jpg, ZIL-115 (year 2018) Limusina ZiL-115 - San Petersburgo-008.jpg, Mechanically, the ZIL-4104 also improved on the 114. The pushrod V8 engine of the 114 had its stroke increased from to . With a bore, this meant the capacity increased from to , which was throughout the model's lifespan one of the world's biggest passenger-car engines (Cadillac offered a engine, enlarged to ). This engine developed 315 hp SAE Gross at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZIL-114
The ZIL-114 is a limousine from the Soviet car manufacturer ''ZIL'' introduced in 1970 to replace the ZIL-111 series which was gradually becoming out of date. In almost all respects, the ZIL-114 improved on the 111, 111A and 111G models. The engine, a ZIL-built pushrod V8, was increased in capacity from to , resulting in an increase of power by 30 percent (to 300 hp SAE Gross at 4400 rpm and at 2750 rpm) and of maximum speed from approximately to . Transmission was two-speed automatic, with hydraulic torque converter. A three-speed gearbox was offered beginning in April 1975. Front suspension was by torsion bars. Although the rigid rear axle with leaf springs was retained, the ZIL-114 saw the replacement of drums by power-assisted disc brakes (with no fewer than three circuits) on all four wheels to cope with the more powerful engine. It was the first Soviet car with four-wheel disk brakes. It also had a pedal-operated handbrake. There were more luxury appointm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZIL-111
The ZIL-111 was a limousine produced by the Soviet car manufacturer ZIL in 1958–1967. It was the first post-war limousine designed in the Soviet Union. After tests with the shortlived prototype ZIL-Moscow in 1956, which gained a place in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest passenger car in the world,Kelly M. A. Russian Motor Vehicles: Soviet Limousines 1930-2003. Veloce Publishing Ltd, 2011 the ZIL-111 was introduced from ''ZIL'' in 1958. The body style was in the American tradition of the time and resembled the mid-1950s cars built by Packard, although, apart from being in tune with current trends, it was an original design and had nothing in common with them, except in general layout. The interiors were trimmed with top quality leather and broadcloth and decorated with thick pile carpet and polished wooden fittings. It featured a comprehensive ventilation and heating system and a 5-band radio, all of which could be controlled from the rear, electric windows, vacuum-op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZIL-117
The ZIL-117 is a luxury sedan built by ZiL in USSR and first presented at the Autoprom (precursor of the Moscow International Motor Show) in 1977. Debuting in 1971, it was derived from the earlier ZIL-114. Design of the ZIL-117 began in 1968, with the first prototype running in 1969. The ZIL-117 shares the V8 engine also fitted to the ZIL-114. Maximum power output of 300 hp SAE Gross at 4,400 rpm was claimed, using a relatively high 9.0:1 compression ratio, fuel feed being via a single four-choke carburettor. The car uses a two or three-speed automatic transmission and power steering came as standard. The factory claimed a maximum speed of between . The car was only long, compared to for the ZIL-114, on a wheelbase (compared to for the ZIL-114. It seated five, rather than the seven of the ZIL-114. One of the reasons to design the ZIL-117 was a need of a government car of an intermediate rank between ZIL-114 (reserved for highest state and party authorities) and GAZ-13 Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZIS-110
The ZIS-110 is a Soviet Union, Soviet limousine from Zavod Imeni Likhacheva, ZIL introduced in 1946. The 110 was developed from the reverse engineering of a 1942 Packard Super Eight during 1944. The first five prototypes were completed by August 1945. It was powered by a 6-litre, straight 8-cylinder engine, producing and giving a top speed of over . It was made in both sedan and convertible versions. The ZIS was rumored to use machinery from the Packard 180 assembly line which was sent to the USSR after American production ended. However, according to ''The Fall of the Packard Motor Car Company'', there is no evidence whatsoever in the Packard archives of such a transfer. Moreover, as one of the main results of the collection of information and material of Bert Hein, there can be many current opinions within the car literature disproved. The database includes, in addition to some pictures of commissars with Packards, a registry of existing cars and information about all ZIS ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZIS-101
The ZIS-101 was a limousine produced by the Soviet car manufacturer '' Zavod Imeni Stalina''. It was introduced in 1936. Its chassis was reverse-engineered from a Buick 33-90, except for the front suspension, engine, exhaust and battery carried over from 1933 experimental limousine L-1, itself an unlicensed Buick 32-90 copy, but the body was designed by Budd Company for whopping $1,500,000 while the stamps were made by Hamilton Foundry & Machine Company for another $500,000. It was equipped with an straight-eight OHV engine (a metric copy of Buick 345) producing up to and giving a top speed of . The car was fitted with a 3-speed manual gearbox. It was followed by the ZIS-101A that had improved the engine giving and a new top speed of approximately . Production ended in 1941 with over 8,000 cars built. In 1939, a two-seat sport version designed by Valentin Nikolaevich Rostkov called 101-Sport was built. The engine was the same as in the 101-A, but boosted to and a top speed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AMO-F-15
The AMO-F-15 was a light truck based on the Italian Fiat 15Ter at the AMO-plant in Moscow in the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s. It was the first Soviet truck to be produced in the first series, with a total of more than 6,000 units made between 1924 and 1931. Different models were built based on the vehicle: flatbed trucks, omnibuses, fire engines, ambulances and armored versions for the military. History Produced under licence, the production of the truck was originally meant to began shortly after the October Revolution in 1917. Because of the events of the first world war, AMO initially had to limit itself to assembling components purchased from Fiat. Independent series production of the AMO-F-15, which was a replica of the Fiat F-15, did not begin until 1924. Various changes were made to the vehicle over the course of the production history. Between 1925 and 1926 the shape of the radiator changed, since 1927 there was a new shape of the fenders and a fixed canopy. In 1928, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million residents within the city limits, over 17 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in the metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's largest cities; being the most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent. First documented in 1147, Moscow grew to become a prosperous and powerful city that served as the capital of the Grand Duchy that bears its name. When the Grand Duchy of Moscow evolved into the Tsardom of Russia, Moscow remained the political and economic center for most of the Tsardom's history. When th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Likhachov
Ivan Alekseevich Likhachev (June 15, 1896 - June 24, 1956) - Soviet statesman, one of the organizers of the Soviet automobile industry. He is known as the director of the Moscow 1st State Automobile Plant (now the I.A.Likhachev Plant). Member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of the 7th convocation, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 1-5 convocations. Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) (1939-1941), candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1956). 1896 births 1956 deaths Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Stalin Prize winners First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union Third convocation members of the Soviet of the Union Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members {{USSR-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Alekseevich Likhachov
Ivan Alekseevich Likhachev (June 15, 1896 - June 24, 1956) - Soviet statesman, one of the organizers of the Soviet automobile industry. He is known as the director of the Moscow 1st State Automobile Plant (now the I.A.Likhachev Plant). Member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR of the 7th convocation, deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 1-5 convocations. Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) (1939-1941), candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1956). 1896 births 1956 deaths Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Stalin Prize winners First convocation members of the Soviet of the Union Third convocation members of the Soviet of the Union Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members {{USSR-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean meet. Cuba is located east of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), south of both the American state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Hispaniola ( Haiti/Dominican Republic), and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey. The official area of the Republic of Cuba is (without the territorial waters) but a total of 350,730 km² (135,418 sq mi) including the exclusive economic zone. Cuba is the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Haiti, with over 11 million inhabitants. The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney people from the 4th millennium BC with the Gua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
