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Zwackhiomacromyces
''Zwackhiomacromyces'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Xanthopyreniaceae. It has two species. The genus is distinguished by its black, pear-shaped fruiting bodies () with large, nipple-shaped ostioles that have a surface, and a dark, multi-layered wall made up of hyphal cells forming a structure. The genus is closely related to the similarly named genus '' Zwackhiomyces''. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by the lichenologists Javier Etayo and Pieter van den Boom, with ''Zwackhiomacromyces constrictocarpus'' assigned as the type species. A second species, '' Z. hyalosporus'', was transferred to the genus from '' Pyrenidium'' in 2016. Description ''Zwackhiomacromyces'' has black, pear-shaped ascomata (), which are fungal reproductive structures. These ascomata have relatively large, (nipple-shaped) ostioles—openings through which spores are released. The surface of these ostioles is and opens radially. The wall of the as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zwackhiomacromyces Constrictocarpus
''Zwackhiomacromyces'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Xanthopyreniaceae. It has two species. The genus is distinguished by its black, pear-shaped fruiting bodies () with large, nipple-shaped ostioles that have a surface, and a dark, multi-layered wall made up of hyphal cells forming a structure. The genus is closely related to the similarly named genus ''Zwackhiomyces''. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by the lichenologists Javier Etayo and Pieter van den Boom, with ''Zwackhiomacromyces constrictocarpus'' assigned as the type species. A second species, '' Z. hyalosporus'', was transferred to the genus from ''Pyrenidium'' in 2016. Description ''Zwackhiomacromyces'' has black, pear-shaped ascomata (), which are fungal reproductive structures. These ascomata have relatively large, (nipple-shaped) ostioles—openings through which spores are released. The surface of these ostioles is and opens radially. The wall of the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zwackhiomacromyces Hyalosporus
''Zwackhiomacromyces'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Xanthopyreniaceae. It has two species. The genus is distinguished by its black, pear-shaped fruiting bodies () with large, nipple-shaped ostioles that have a surface, and a dark, multi-layered wall made up of hyphal cells forming a structure. The genus is closely related to the similarly named genus ''Zwackhiomyces''. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by the lichenologists Javier Etayo and Pieter van den Boom, with ''Zwackhiomacromyces constrictocarpus'' assigned as the type species. A second species, '' Z. hyalosporus'', was transferred to the genus from ''Pyrenidium'' in 2016. Description ''Zwackhiomacromyces'' has black, pear-shaped ascomata (), which are fungal reproductive structures. These ascomata have relatively large, (nipple-shaped) ostioles—openings through which spores are released. The surface of these ostioles is and opens radially. The wall of the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthopyreniaceae
Xanthopyreniaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Collemopsidiales. The family was circumscribed by lichenologist Alexander Zahlbruckner Alexander Zahlbruckner (31 May 1860, Svätý Jur – 1938, Vienna) was an Austrian- Hungarian botanist who specialized in the study of lichens. Johann Babtist Zahlbruckner, an earlier Austrian botanist, was his grandfather. From 1878 to 1883 ... in 1926. Genera This is a list of the genera in the Xanthopyreniaceae, based on a 2022 review and summary of fungal classification by Wijayawardene and colleagues. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority (those who first circumscribed the genus; standardized author abbreviations are used), year of publication, and the number of species: *'' Collemopsidium'' – 27 spp. *'' Didymellopsis'' – 6 spp. *'' Frigidopyrenia'' – 1 sp. *'' Rhagadodidymellopsis'' – 1 sp. *'' Xanthopyrenia'' – 4 spp. *'' Zwackhiomacromyces'' – 2 spp. *'' Zwackhiomyces'' – 35 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Staining
Staining is a technique used to enhance contrast in samples, generally at the microscopic level. Stains and dyes are frequently used in histology (microscopic study of biological tissues), in cytology (microscopic study of cells), and in the medical fields of histopathology, hematology, and cytopathology that focus on the study and diagnoses of diseases at the microscopic level. Stains may be used to define biological tissues (highlighting, for example, muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (classifying different blood cells), or organelles within individual cells. In biochemistry, it involves adding a class-specific ( DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) dye to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound. Staining and fluorescent tagging can serve similar purposes. Biological staining is also used to mark cells in flow cytometry, and to flag proteins or nucleic acids in gel electrophoresis. Light microscopes are used for viewin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungi
A lichenicolous fungus is a parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen as the host. A lichenicolous fungus is not the same as the fungus that is the component of the lichen, which is known as a lichenized fungus. They are most commonly specific to a given fungus as the host, but they also include a wide range of pathogens, saprotrophs, and commensals. It is estimated there are 3000 species of lichenicolous fungi. More than 1800 species are already described among the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Lichenicolous Fungi: Interactions, Evolution, and Biodiversity, Lawrey, James D.; Diederich, Paul. The Bryologist 106(1), pp. 80 120, 2003/ref> More than 95% of lichenicolous fungi described as of 2003 are ascomycetes, in 7 classes and 19 orders. Although basidiomycetes have less than 5% of lichenicolous lichen species, they represent 4 classes and 8 orders. Many lichenicolous species have yet to be assigned a phylogenetic position as of 2003. See also * List of lichenicolous fungi o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dothideomycetes Genera
Dothideomycetes is the largest and most diverse class of ascomycete fungi. It comprises 11 orders 90 families, 1300 genera and over 19,000 known species. Traditionally, most of its members were included in the loculoascomycetes, which is not part of the currently accepted classification. This indicates that several traditional morphological features in the class are not unique and DNA sequence comparisons are important to define the class. The designation loculoascomycetes was first proposed for all fungi which have ascolocular development. This type of development refers to the way in which the sexual structure, bearing the sexual spores (ascospores) forms. Dothideomycetes mostly produce flask-like structures referred to as pseudothecia, although other shape variations do exist (e.g. see structures found in Hysteriales). During ascolocular development pockets (locules) form first within the vegetative cells of the fungus and then all the subsequent structures form. These include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zwackhiomyces Cervinae
''Zwackhiomyces'' is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Xanthopyreniaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Martin Grube and Josef Hafellner in 1990, with '' Zwackhiomyces coepulonus'' assigned as the type species. The genus name of ''Zwackhiomyces'' is in honour of Philipp Franz Wilhelm von Zwackh-Holzhausen (1826–1903), who was a German botanist (Lichenology and Mycology). He was also a Military Officer as well as being a landowner near Heidelberg. He was financially independent and owned large Herbarium. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *'' Zwackhiomyces aspiciliae'' – Turkey *'' Zwackhiomyces berengerianus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces calcariae'' *''Zwackhiomyces calcisedus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces cervinae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces coepulonus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces diederichii'' *'' Zwackhiomyces dispersus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces echinulatus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces heppiae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces immersae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces lacustris'' *''Zwackhiomyces lecanorae'' *'' Zw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zwackhiomyces Lecanorae
''Zwackhiomyces'' is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Xanthopyreniaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Martin Grube and Josef Hafellner in 1990, with '' Zwackhiomyces coepulonus'' assigned as the type species. The genus name of ''Zwackhiomyces'' is in honour of Philipp Franz Wilhelm von Zwackh-Holzhausen (1826–1903), who was a German botanist (Lichenology and Mycology). He was also a Military Officer as well as being a landowner near Heidelberg. He was financially independent and owned large Herbarium. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *'' Zwackhiomyces aspiciliae'' – Turkey *'' Zwackhiomyces berengerianus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces calcariae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces calcisedus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces cervinae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces coepulonus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces diederichii'' *'' Zwackhiomyces dispersus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces echinulatus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces heppiae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces immersae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces lacustris'' *'' Zwackhiomyces lecanorae'' *'' Zwac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germ Pore
A germ pore is a small pore in the outer wall of a fungal spore through which the germ tube exits upon germination. It can be apical or eccentric in its location, and, on light microscopy, may be visualized as a lighter coloured area on the cell wall. Apical germ pore is mushroom spore which has a pore at one end. Some spores have a hole in the cell wall where the first strand of germinating mycelium emerges. If the cell wall is divided from one end to the other, this is called a germ slit. Commonly the germ pore is at one end of the mushroom spore and is called an apical pore. Mushroom genera with apical germ pores include ''Agrocybe'', ''Panaeolus'', ''Psilocybe'', and ''Pholiota''. See also *mycelium *spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ... External linksIMA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none. Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage looks homogeneously pink, and the term "hyaline" is used to describe similarly homogeneously pink material besides the cartilage. Hyaline material is usually acellular and proteinaceous. For example, arterial hyaline is seen in aging, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and in association with some drugs (e.g. calcineurin inhibitors). It is bright pink with PAS staining. Ichthyology and entomology In ichthyology and entomology, ''hyaline'' denotes a colorless, transparent substance, such as unpigmented fins of fishes or clear insect wings. Resh, Vincent H. and R. T. Cardé, Eds. Encyclo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septum
In biology, a septum (Latin for ''something that encloses''; plural septa) is a wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. A cavity or structure divided in this way may be referred to as septate. Examples Human anatomy * Interatrial septum, the wall of tissue that is a sectional part of the left and right atria of the heart * Interventricular septum, the wall separating the left and right ventricles of the heart * Lingual septum, a vertical layer of fibrous tissue that separates the halves of the tongue. *Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the nose * Alveolar septum: the thin wall which separates the alveoli from each other in the lungs * Orbital septum, a palpebral ligament in the upper and lower eyelids * Septum pellucidum or septum lucidum, a thin structure separating two fluid pockets in the brain * Uterine septum, a malformation of the uterus * Vaginal septum, a lateral or transverse partition inside the vagina * Intermuscular sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ellipsoid
An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables. Among quadric surfaces, an ellipsoid is characterized by either of the two following properties. Every planar cross section is either an ellipse, or is empty, or is reduced to a single point (this explains the name, meaning "ellipse-like"). It is bounded, which means that it may be enclosed in a sufficiently large sphere. An ellipsoid has three pairwise perpendicular axes of symmetry which intersect at a center of symmetry, called the center of the ellipsoid. The line segments that are delimited on the axes of symmetry by the ellipsoid are called the ''principal axes'', or simply axes of the ellipsoid. If the three axes have different lengths, the figure is a triaxial ellipsoid (r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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