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Ziyadoghlu Qajar
Ziyadoghlu Qajar () or Ziyadlu were a branch of Qajar tribe that ruled Safavid Karabakh from 1546-1554 to 1743 (sometimes, also including Safavid Kakheti), Astarabad in various times, Ganja Khanate from 1747 to 1805 and Iravān Khanate from 1755 to 1828 (also known as Sardar Iravani). Some authors suggested that, Qovanlu branch of Qajars who ruled Iran from 1789 to 1925, which is currently better known as Qajar dynasty was a cadet-branch of Ziyadoghlu family. History Karabakh-Ganja branch According to Mohammad Masum Isfahani, the branch took its name from a popular sufi Ummat beg, son of Khizir beg Qajar who was given this name by Ismail I. Ummat beg's son Shahverdi Sultan was the first Safavid beylerbey of Karabakh appointed by Tahmasp I. There were other Qajars such as Piri Beg Qajar and his son Rustam beg who governed Karabakh earlier as ''hakem''s, however. Beylerbeys of Karabakh were marcher lords and received 25000 tomans and 987 dinars as salary and could raise a mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qajars (tribe)
The Qajars ( az, Qacarlar, fa, ایل قاجار), also spelled Kadjars, Kajars, Kadzhars, Cadzhars, Cadjars, Ghajars, etc.) are a clan of the Bayat tribe of the Oghuz Turks who lived variously, with other tribes, in the area that is now Armenia, Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. With the end of the Safavid era, they had split into several factions. These included the Ziyādoghlu (Ziādlu), associated with the area of Ganja and Yerevan, as well as the Qoyunlu (Qāvānlu), and Davālu (Devehlu) the latter two associated with the northern areas of contemporary Iran. Background The Qajars were one of the original Turkoman Qizilbash tribes that emerged and spread in Asia Minor around tenth and eleventh centuries. They later supplied power to the Safavids since this dynasty's earliest days. Numerous members of the Qajar tribe held prominent ranks in the Safavid state. In 1794, a Qajar chieftain, Agha Mohammed, a member of the Qoyunlu branch of the Qajars, founded the Qajar dy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Toman
The Iranian toman ( fa, تومان, tūmân, pronounced ; from Mongolian ''tümen'' "unit of ten thousand", see the unit called tumen) is a superunit of the official currency of Iran, the rial. One toman is equivalent to 10,000 rials. Although the rial is the official currency, Iranians use the toman in everyday life. Originally, the toman consisted of 10,000 dinars. Between 1798 and 1825, the toman was also subdivided into eight rials, each of 1,250 dinars. In 1825, the qiran was introduced, worth 1,000 dinars or one-tenth of a toman. In 1932, the rial replaced the qiran at par, with one toman being equal to 10 rial. On 7 December 2016, the Iranian government approved a call by the Iranian central bank to replace the Iranian rial with the more colloquially and historically known toman denomination. In early 2019, following the hyperinflation of the rial, the central bank made a new proposal, suggesting the currency be redenominated by introducing a new toman with a value of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soltan Hoseyn
Soltan Hoseyn ( fa, شاه سلطان حسین, Soltān-Hoseyn; 1668 – 9 September 1727) was the Safavid shah of Iran from 1694 to 1722. He was the son and successor of Shah Solayman (). Born and raised in the royal harem, Soltan Hoseyn ascended the throne with limited life experience and more or less no expertise in the affairs of the country. He was installed on the throne through the efforts of powerful great-aunt, Maryam Begum, as well as the court eunuchs, who wanted to increase their authority by taking advantage of a weak and impressionable ruler. Throughout his reign, Soltan Hoseyn became known for his extreme devotion, which had blended in with his superstition, impressionable personality, excessive pursuit of pleasure, debauchery, and wastefulness, all of which have been considered by both contemporary and later writers as elements that played a part in the decline of the country. The last decade of Soltan Hoseyn's reign was marked by urban dissension, tribal uprisin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahverdi Khan Of Ganja
Shahverdi Khan Ziyadoghlu () (d. 1768) was the beylerbey of Karabakh from 1740 to 1743 and first khan of Ganja from 1747 to 1760. He was from the Ziyadoglu branch of the Qajar clan who ruled the Beylerbeylik of Karabakh as hereditary governors. Background After the dethronement of the Safavids in 1736 by Nader Shah, the landed classes of Ganja and Karabakh gathered in Mughan and decided to oppose the new shah and agreed to try to restore the Safavids to the throne. His father Ughurlu Khan was among them. When this news reached Nader Shah, he ordered all Muslim landowners of the region and their families deported to Khorasan (northeastern Iran) as punishment. Ughurlu Khan's lands on the other hand were divided - the Zangezur district was given to the ''beglarbeg'' (governor-general) of Tabriz; the autonomy of the Armenian Melikdoms was restored, and Borchalu, Qazzaq and Shamshadil were given to the Georgian king Teimuraz II of Kakheti (r. 1732–1762). Ughurlu Khan was thus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazikumukh Khanate
Gazikumukh Khanate was a Lak state that was established in present-day Dagestan after the disintegration of Gazikumukh Shamkhalate in 1642. Its peoples included various Lezgin tribes and Avars. State structure Supreme council Khanate was ruled by the supreme council known as "Kat" in Lak or "Divan" where viziers, main qadis, warlords and the ruler participated in the meetings. Local governments consisted of jama'at, council of chiefs, judge and executor. Police functions were performed by the khan's noukers. Territory The state of Laks consisted of one Lakia that was divided into such territories as "Kullal", "Uri-Mukarki", "Machaymi", "Vitskhi", "Gumuchi" and "Bartki". Khalklavchi Alibek II Election After the transfer of the capital of shamkhalate to Tarki, in Gazi-Kumukh was ruled by the supreme council.Казикумухские и кюринские ханы. ССКГ. Вып. II. СПб. 1868. In 1642 Alibek II, son of Tuchilav, son of Alibek I, son of Chopan-shamkha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ebrahim Khan Afshar
Ebrahim Khan Afshar was a military commander and statesman during the eighteenth century in Afsharid Persia. He was the younger brother of the Shah of Iran, Nader Shah, and was appointed to high office after Nader came to prominence due to his military campaigns which restored the Safavid dynasty to power again. Although he commanded men under the authority of his brother throughout the early Naderian wars he never held any independent commands until being given autonomous command over the Persian army in the Caucasus. At the same time that Nader Shah launched his invasion of the Hotaki homeland, meant for a spring-board for the invasion of Mughal India, Ebrahim Kham took the field against the Lezgis in Daghestan. The campaign in Daghestan began well for Ebrahim; he was able to force a pitched battle with the Lezgis in which he won defeated them overwhelmingly. However he was later ambushed in a valley by a small band of Lezgis who fell upon his meagre company of riders and slew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas Qoli-Khan
Abbas-qoli Khan ( fa, عباسقلی خان) was a 17th-century Safavid official in the eastern Caucasus. Abbās-qoli Khan, known for his wealth and opulence, had served as beglarbeg of Ganja under the shah Suleiman I of Persia before being appointed as khan of Kakheti in eastern Georgia in 1688. Residing at Qara-Aghac in Kakheti, Abbās-qoli Khan was tasked with keeping an eye on Heraclius I (Nazar Ali Khan), a vassal Georgian ruler of neighboring Kartli, who had been opposed by George XI (Gorjin Khan). Abbas-qoli Khan's fortunes reversed as George was able to stage comeback and place Heraclius under siege at Tiflis in 1691. In 1694, following the death of Shah Suleiman, the khan was accused by his rivals of incompetence and intriguing with George XI against Heraclius I. At the order of Shah Sultan Husayn, Heraclius arrested Abbas-qoli Khan, confiscated his possessions, and escorted him under guard to Isfahan. The government of Kakheti was taken over by his brother Qalb-Ali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad-Qoli Khan Qajar
Mohammad-Qoli Khan Qajar was a Safavid military leader and official, who served as the governor (''beglarbeg'') of Karabakh and Ganja in 1616-1627 and 1633. He was a son of the previous governor of Karabakh, Mohammad-Khan Qajar (1606–1616), and a member of the Ziyādoghlu branch of the Turkoman Qajar clan. Around 1620, when Paykar Khan Igirmi Durt was given a sister of Lohrasb (Luarsab II of Kartli) by then incumbent king Abbas I (r. 1588-1629) on the occasion of him being appointed as the new governor of Kakheti Kakheti ( ka, კახეთი ''K’akheti''; ) is a region (mkhare) formed in the 1990s in eastern Georgia from the historical province of Kakheti and the small, mountainous province of Tusheti. Telavi is its capital. The region comprises eigh ..., Mohammad-Qoli Khan Qajar was given a sister of Tahmuras Khan (Teimuraz I of Kakheti). When in 1624, king Abbas I married his granddaughter to Semayun Khan (Simon II), Abd-ol-Ghaffar's wife was a companion to the brid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arasbaran
Arasbaran ( fa, ارسباران ''Arasbârân'') or shortened to Arasbar ( fa, ارسبار ''Arasbâr''), meaning "The Banks of the Aras (river), Aras/Araxes river," also known as "Qaradagh" or "Karadagh" ( az, Qaradağ / , meaning "Black mountain"), or "Qaraja dagh" or "Karaja dagh" ( az, Qaracadağ / , meaning "Black mountain"), is a large mountainous area stretching from the Qūshā Dāgh massif, south of Ahar, to the Aras River in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. The region is confined to Aras River in the north, Meshgin Shahr County and Moghan in the east, Sarab County in the south, and Tabriz County, Tabriz and Marand County, Marand counties in the west. Since 1976, UNESCO has registered 72,460 hectares of the region, confined to 38°40' to 39°08'N and 46°39' to 47°02'E, as World Network of Biosphere Reserves, biosphere reserve with the following general description: History In antiquity, this region was inhabited by the Urartu, Alarodians an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ray, Iran
Shahr-e Ray ( fa, شهر ری, ) or simply Ray (Shar e Ray; ) is the capital of Ray County in Tehran Province, Iran. Formerly a distinct city, it has now been absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran as the 20th district of municipal Tehran, the capital city of the country. Historically known as Rhages (), Rhagae and Arsacia, Ray is the oldest existing city in Tehran Province. In the classical era, it was a prominent city belonging to Media, the political and cultural base of the Medes. Ancient Persian inscriptions and the Avesta (Zoroastrian scriptures), among other sources, attest to the importance of ancient Ray. Ray is mentioned several times in the Apocrypha. It is also shown on the fourth-century Peutinger Map. The city was subject to severe destruction during the medieval invasions by the Arabs, Turks, and Mongols. Its position as a capital city was revived during the reigns of the Buyid Daylamites and the Seljuk Turks. Ray is richer than many other ancient c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shiraz
Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 people, and its built-up area with Sadra, Fars, Sadra was home to almost 1,800,000 inhabitants. A census in 2021 showed an increase in the city's population to 1,995,500 people. Shiraz is located in Southern Iran, southwestern Iran on the () seasonal river. Founded in the early Islamic period, the city has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years. The earliest reference to the city, as ''Tiraziš'', is on Elamite Clay tablet, clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE. The modern city was restored or founded by the Arabs, Arab Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE and grew prominent under the successive Iranian peoples, Iranian Saffarid dynasty, Saffar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darugha
''Darugha'' ( ba, даруга, tt-Cyrl, даруга, translit=daruğa, from Mongol: ''daru-'', 'to press, to seal') was a territorial subdivision in the Mongol Empire. A ''darugha'' was ruled by a ''darughachi''. Later, the term was used for the province, particularly in Kazan and the Siberian Khanates in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was used in the Turkic-populated parts of the Russian Empire in the 16th to 18th centuries. In Safavid Iran, it was a title meaning ''prefect''. One of the many Safavid darughas was Mirman Mirimanidze. In 1762, the Bashkir people controlled the Kazan, Nogai, Osin Darugha and Siberian Darughas.Rychkov Petr Ivanovich: "Topography of Orenburg" Russia St. Petersburg, 1762 page 93 In the Mughal Empire, a ''daroga'' was the title of a district police officer. This title was kept until the 20th century during the British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
