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Zhirmuny, Belarus
Zhyrmuny (; ; ; ) is an agrotown in Voranava District, Grodno Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Zhyrmuny rural council (''selsoviet''). It is located from the border with Lithuania. History The place is first mentioned in chronicles of the 15th century when it was the property of the Butrym family. In 1437, a church was established by the merchant Wojciech Kuciuk. In 1513, it became the property of Field Hetman Jerzy Radziwiłł. In the 17th century, it was transferred to the Zawisza family, and in 1624, Jan Zawisza built a new church which burned down in the middle of the century. In the early 18th century, the village reverted to the Radziwiłłs and was granted town privileges by Polish king August II. In 1788, another church was established, the St. Cross Church, which was designed by Jan Podczaszyński, father of the famous Polish architect Karol Podczaszyński, who was also born in the village. This church survives to this day. See also *Ži ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agrotown (Belarus)
An agrotown (; ) is an official type of rural settlement in Belarus introduced by a law passed in 1998. The law defines agrotowns as well-developed rural settlements with industrial and social infrastructure to ensure social standards for population living there and in the surrounding areas. The law further says that if a ''selsoviet'' (rural council) has agrotowns, its administrative center must be in an agrotown. If there is more than one agrotown, the selsoviet center is assigned by the Districts of Belarus, District Council of Deputies. The Belarusian government launched the program "State program for the revival and development of rural areas, for years 2005-2010" (), which provided for the establishment of agrotowns. By the end of the time allotted for the program, i.e., by January 2011, 1,512 agrotowns were established in Belarus, with about 8,000 new houses built. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butrym (surname)
Butrimas (Polonized form: Butrym) is a noble surname of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth belonging to the Topor heraldic clan. The Russified version is Butrim. The derived surname is Butrymowicz, literally meaning "descendant of Butrym". Another derivation is the Russian noble . Butrym or Butrim may refer to: * (1910–1981), Polish theater, film and television actor, and theater director *Vitaliy Butrym Vitaliy Butrym ( Ukrainian: Віталій Бутрим; born 10 January 1991) is a Ukrainian sprinter specialising in the 400 metres. Career He represented his country at the 2012 Summer Olympics The 2012 Summer Olympics, officially t ..., Ukrainian sprinter *Józwa Butrym, a fictional character from the novel '' The Deluge'' by Sienkiewicz See also * * References {{surname Polish-language surnames Surnames of Lithuanian origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilnius
Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population was 607,667, and the Vilnius urban area (which extends beyond the city limits) has an estimated population of 747,864. Vilnius is notable for the architecture of its Vilnius Old Town, Old Town, considered one of Europe's largest and best-preserved old towns. The city was declared a World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The architectural style known as Vilnian Baroque is named after the city, which is farthest to the east among Baroque architecture, Baroque cities and the largest such city north of the Alps. The city was noted for its #Demographics, multicultural population during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with contemporary sources comparing it to Babylon. Before World War II and The Holocaust in Lithuania, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Žirmūnai
Žirmūnai () is the most populous administrative division ( elderate) in Vilnius. It is also a neighbourhood in the Lithuanian capital city Vilnius, encompassing the city district of the same name, built in the 1960s. Žirmūnai's history has been traced to the late 14th century, when a Lithuanian fishing village was founded across the River Neris from Vilnius' Old Town. Several historic sites in Žirmūnai are internationally significant; it is the home of Lithuania's largest Jewish cemetery, as well as the location of mass graves of soldiers belonging to Napoleon's Grande Armée and victims of the NKGB's and MGB's executions after World War II. Tuskulėnai Manor, built in 1825, and the surrounding Peace Park are important historical and cultural attractions in Vilnius. The area was given the name Žirmūnai during the early 1960s, when it became the site of an award-winning residential construction project; it was the first city district in the Lithuanian SSR to be const ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karol Podczaszyński
Karol Podczaszyński (; 7 November 1790 – 19 April 1860) was a Polish- Lithuanian leading Vilnius architect, a representative of the neoclassical architecture and a professor of the Vilnius University, as well as one of the pioneers of industrial design. He was born on 7 November 1790 in the village of Žyrmuny near Lida, in what is now the Grodno Region of Belarus. He graduated from the prestigious Polish Krzemieniec Lyceum and the Vilnius University. Between 1814 and 1816 he continued his studies on architecture in St. Petersburg, where he became the first Pole on the Imperial Academy of Arts. Between 1817 and 1819 Podczaszyński also travelled around European countries, visiting Königsberg, Danzig, Berlin, Paris, Naples, Venice and Vienna before returning to Cracow. Upon his return to Vilnius in 1819, he was offered a chair of architecture, which he accepted. Among his most notable architectural works are the refurbishment of the interior of the Vilna University ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August II
Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin. Augustus' great physical strength earned him the nicknames "the Strong", "the Saxon Hercules" and "Iron-Hand". He liked to show that he lived up to his name by breaking horseshoes with his bare hands and engaging in fox tossing by holding the end of his sling with just one finger while two of the strongest men in his court held the other end.Sacheverell Sitwell. ''The Hunters and the Hunted'', p. 60. Macmillan, 1947. He is also notable for fathering a very large number of children, with contemporary sources claiming a total of between 360 and 380. In order to be elected king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Augustus converted to Roman Catholicism. As a Catholic, he received the Order of the Golden Fleece from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magdeburg Rights
Magdeburg rights (, , ; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by the local ruler. Named after the city of Magdeburg, these town charters were perhaps the most important set of Middle Ages, medieval laws in Central Europe. They became the basis for the German town laws developed during many centuries in the Holy Roman Empire. The Magdeburg rights were adopted and adapted by numerous monarchs, including the rulers of Crown of Bohemia, Bohemia, Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary, Crown of Poland, Poland, and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania, a milestone in the urbanization of the region which prompted the development of thousands of villages and cities. Provisions Being a member of the Hanseatic League, Magdeburg was one of the most important trade cities, maintaining commerce with the Low Countries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Radziwiłł
Jerzy RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ (; 1480 – April 1541), nicknamed "Herkules", was a Polish–Lithuanian nobleman. He was Deputy Cup-Bearer of Lithuania from 1510, voivode of Kiev Voivodeship from 1510, Field Hetman of Lithuania in 1521, castellan of Trakai from 1522, castellan of Vilnius from 1527, Marshal of the Court from 1528, Grand Hetman of Lithuania from 1531, Starost of Hrodna, Namiestnik of Vilnius, MaiÅ¡iagala, Mereck, Utena, Mozyrsk, Lida, Skidal, , KryÅ„sk and Oziersk. He was a progenitor of the Biržai– Dubingiai (also known as Protestant) RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ family line. He was renowned for his military achievements and as a talented politician.Peter Paul BajeShort history of the RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ Family He took part in various conflicts against Muscovy, the Cossacks and the Tatars. Achieving around 30 military victories, he has been referred as the Lithuanian Hercules. In 1526 as a member of the Lithuanian Council of Lords he unsuccessfully petitioned the Grand Duke o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hetman
''Hetman'' is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Hetman was also the title of the head of the Cossack state in Ukraine after the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648. Throughout much of the history of Romania and the Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors. Etymology The term ''hetman'' was a Polish borrowing, most likely stemming via Czech from the Turkic title ''ataman'' (literally 'father of horsemen'), however it could also come from the German – captain. Since hetman as a title first appeared in Czechia in the 15th century, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarus–Lithuania Border
The Belarus–Lithuania border is an international border almost in length between the Republic of Belarus (Member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States, CIS member) and the Republic of Lithuania (Member state of the European Union, EU member). It is an external border of the European Union as well as the western border of the Commonwealth of Independent States. of the border is on land, while are on water, crossing lakes, e.g. Lake Drūkšiai and following some rivers, e.g. Dysna River and Neman River. In August 2022, Lithuania completed the construction of a new border barrier to stop illegal migration. On 18 January 2023, the Lithuanian government renounced the agreement signed with Belarus 16 years ago on the principles of cross-border cooperation. History The historical borders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later, following the Partitions of Poland, partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Governorate (Russia), governorates of the Russian E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarus
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an area of with a population of . The country has a hemiboreal climate and is administratively divided into Regions of Belarus, six regions. Minsk is the capital and List of cities and largest towns in Belarus, largest city; it is administered separately as a city with special status. For most of the medieval period, the lands of modern-day Belarus was ruled by independent city-states such as the Principality of Polotsk. Around 1300 these lands came fully under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and subsequently by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth; this period lasted for 500 years until the Partitions of Poland, 1792-1795 partitions of Poland-Lithuania placed Belarus within the Belarusian history in the Russian Empire, Russian Empire for the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
