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Zenel Bastari
Zenel Bastari or Zenel Hyka (c. 1767 – c. 1837) was an Albanian poet of the Bejtexhinj literary movement. A native of Tirana, he lived and worked from the end of 18th century until mid 19th century. Together with Hasan Zyko Kamberi and Nezim Frakulla he was part of the Bejtexhinj who focused on social and political criticism rather than Islamic moral and life. A precursor of the bourgeois critical-realism, he is also considered one of the first anti- feudal writers in Albania. Life Zenel was born in Tirana, back then Sanjak of Scutari of Ottoman Empire, in late 18th century, and is mentioned to have lived in the era of Ali Pasha Tepelena. It is believed that the year of birth is 1765–70. He was the son of Ramë Hyka, a villager from nearby Bastar who had settled in Tirane (thus the family name Bastari) and a local woman. He had a brother named Rexhep. Zenel took his first lessons in the ''mejtep'' (religious school) in Tirana. He later entered the Madrasa of Tirana. Meanwhil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanians
The Albanians (; sq, Shqiptarët ) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language. They primarily live in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia as well as in Croatia, Greece, Italy and Turkey. They also constitute a large diaspora with several communities established across Europe, the Americas and Oceania. Albanians have Paleo-Balkanic origins. Exclusively attributing these origins to the Illyrians, Thracians or other Paleo-Balkan people is still a matter of debate among historians and ethnologists. The first certain reference to Albanians as an ethnic group comes from 11th century chronicler Michael Attaleiates who describes them as living in the theme of Dyrrhachium. The Shkumbin River roughly demarcates the Albanian language between Gheg and Tosk dialects. Christianity in Albania was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome until the 8th century AD. Then, dioceses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Mysticism
Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, ritualism, asceticism and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, ''What is Sufism?'' (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice". Practitioners of Sufism are referred to as "Sufis" (from , ), and historically typically belonged to "orders" known as (pl. ) – congregations formed around a grand who would be the last in a chain of successive teachers linking back to Muh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanological Institute Of Pristina
Albanological Institute of Pristina, sq, Instituti Albanologjik i Prishtinës or ''Instituti Albanologjik - Prishtinë'', is the main Institute of Albanology in Kosovo. It is an independent public institution. Together with the Centre of Albanological Studies in Tirana, they represent the core scientific research centers on Albanology. History The institute was founded on 1 June 1953, in Pristina, in Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija of Yugoslavia. Initially, the staff consisted of four researchers (Ilhami Nimani, Selman Riza, Mehdi Bardhi, and Ali Rexha) and several external collaborators. The Yugoslav authorities terminated the project on 25 December 1955, since they failed to put its activities under censure. The UDBA secret services sequestered all materials. In the '60s, with the establishment of the University of Prishtina, the Albanological sciences in Kosovo restarted. The institute was reorganized on 28 February 1967, it had a staff of five people. During the firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Studime Historike
''Studime Historike'' ("Historical Studies") is a scientific magazine on albanology. It is published by the Institute of History, part of the Centre of Albanological Studies in Tirana, Albania. It is profilised as a bulletin short studies or articles dealing with History of Albania, Albanian history, from Classical antiquity, antiquity to nowadays. Beside historical thematic, it publishes studies presented in scientific events as conferences and symposiums, archival documents, pieces of historical memoirs and materials, information of scientific activities organised by the Institute of History, etc. It provides information of latest publications of the Albanian Institute of History, both Albanian and foreign albanologists. History The magazine is the first historical one in Albania. It started as ''Buletini i Institutit të Studimeve'' (Bulletin of the Institute of Studies), published by the Albanian Institute of History established in 1946, representing the first scientific insti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jorgo Bulo
Jorgo Bulo (27 April 1939 – 26 November 2015) was an Albanian philologist, historian, and literary critic. Since 2003 up to his death (2015) he was a member of the Albanian Academy of Arts and Sciences. Bulo was born on 27 April 1939 in Sheper, Zagori region of Gjirokastër District in Albania. He studied Albanian language and literature in the Faculty of History and Philology of the University of Tirana, graduating in 1960. In 1966 he started working as a scientific cooperator in the Institute of Linguistics and Literature in Tirana. He participated in the Orthography Congress of 1972, sq, Kongresi i Drejtshkrimit, where the orthographic rules of the Albanian language were standardized, and was a signatory. From 1972 to 2008 he was part of the editorial staff of the scientific magazine '' Studime Filologjike'' (Philological Studies), whilst editor-in-chief during 1997-2007. In 1986 he became Deputy Director, and in 1990 Director of the Institute of Linguistics and Literature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bejte
The Bejtexhinj (in Albanian sing. ''bejtexhi'', pl. ''bejtexhinj''; from tr, beyte meaning "poem"), were popular bards of the Muslim tradition, literally meaning "couplet makers". It means the same in the Albanian literature, firstly muslim poets, that engaged in beit poetry. This genre of literature created in Albania in the 18th century that prevailed in different cities of what is now Albania, Kosovo, Chameria as well as in religious centers. The spread of Bejtexhinj was a product of two different significant factors. There was a demand in religious practices to write in Albanian and to free it from foreign influence. The other factor was the accretion of ideological pressure from Turkish rulers. The ruling Ottomans sought the submission of Albanians through the Muslim religion and culture. Albania rulers opened their own schools with many Bejtexhinj poets in attendance. History The Bejtexhinj wrote Albanian in the Elifba alphabet, an adaption of the Ottoman Turkish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Tirana
The University of Tirana ( sq, Universiteti i Tiranës, abbreviated UT) is a public university located at the central borough of Tirana 10 in Tirana, Albania. It was established as the ''State University of Tirana'' in 1957 through merging of five existing institutes of higher education. The main building was planned by Italian architect, Gherardo Bosio at the beginning of 1940. It is situated at the Mother Teresa Square, south of the city center of Tirana. The primary language of instruction is Albanian, but there are a number of faculties of foreign languages which are carried out in English, French, Greek, Italian, Spanish, German, Chinese and other languages. The University of Tirana was founded in 1957 as the ''State University of Tirana'' ( sq, Universiteti Shtetëror i Tiranës), through the merging of five existing institutes of higher education, the most important of which was the Institute of Sciences, founded in 1947. Immediately after the death of Enver Hoxha in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliu
Hafiz Ibrahim Dalliu (1878 – 25 May 1952) was an Albanian alim, writer, publisher, educator, and activist of the Albanian national cause. He is remembered as one of the best mufassirs in Albania. Life Dalliu was born in Tirana in 1878, in a middle class Moslem family, son of Mustafa Dalliu. He had two brothers, Hysni and Ali, both bearing titles '' hafiz'' and ''hadji''. Ibrahim was an early childhood friend of Seremedin and Murat Toptani, with whom he kept close ties for the rest of hist life. He studied theology in Istanbul. There he came in contact with the activists of the Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights. He returned to Tirana where he started working as a teacher in 1901. At the same time he was a member of the local branch of the ''Bashkimi'' (Unity) Club, one of the many of that time throughout all Albanian populated areas. He participated in the Congress of Elbasan, during 2–9 September 1909, as part of the Tirana delegation. One of the Congress's mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diwan (poetry)
In Islamic cultures of the Middle East, North Africa, Sicily and South Asia, a Diwan ( fa, دیوان, ''divân'', ar, ديوان, ''dīwān'') is a collection of poems by one author, usually excluding his or her long poems ( mathnawī). The vast majority of Diwan poetry was lyric in nature: either ghazals or ''gazel''s (which make up the greatest part of the repertoire of the tradition), or ''kasîde''s. There were, however, other common genres, most particularly the ''mesnevî'', a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry; the two most notable examples of this form are the ''Layla and Majnun'' (ليلى و مجنون) of Fuzûlî and the ''Hüsn ü Aşk'' (حسن و عشق; "Beauty and Love") of Şeyh Gâlib. Originating in Persian literature, the idea spread to the Arab and Turkish worlds, and South Asia, and the term was sometimes used in Europe, not always in the same way. Etymology The English usage of the phrase "diwan poetry" comes from the Arab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khanqah
A khanqah ( fa, خانقاه) or khangah ( fa, خانگاه; also transliterated as ''khankah'', ''khaneqa'', ''khanegah'' or ''khaneqah''; also Arabized ''hanegah'', ''hanikah'', ''hanekah'', ''khankan''), also known as a ribat (), is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood or ''tariqa'' and is a place for spiritual practice and religious education. The khanqah is typically a large structure with a central hall and smaller rooms on either side. Traditionally, the kahnqah was state-sponsored housing for Sufis. Their primary function is to provide them with a space to practice social lives of asceticism. Buildings intended for public services, such as hospitals, kitchens, and lodging, are often attached to them. Khanqahs were funded by Ayyubid sultans in Syria, Zangid sultans in Egypt, and Delhi sultans in India in return for Sufi support of their regimes. Etymology The word khanqah is likely either Turkish or Persian in origin. In the Arab world, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
