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Zelanda Erebus
''Zelanda'' is a genus of South Pacific ground spiders that was first described by H. Özdikmen in 2009. Species it contains six species, all found in New Zealand: *'' Zelanda elongata'' ( Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda erebus'' (L. Koch, 1873) (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda kaituna'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda miranda'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda obtusa'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda titirangia'' (Ovtsharenko, Fedoryak & Zakharov, 2006) – New Zealand References Araneomorphae genera Gnaphosidae Spiders of New Zealand {{Gnaphosidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelanda Erebus
''Zelanda'' is a genus of South Pacific ground spiders that was first described by H. Özdikmen in 2009. Species it contains six species, all found in New Zealand: *'' Zelanda elongata'' ( Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda erebus'' (L. Koch, 1873) (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda kaituna'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda miranda'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda obtusa'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda titirangia'' (Ovtsharenko, Fedoryak & Zakharov, 2006) – New Zealand References Araneomorphae genera Gnaphosidae Spiders of New Zealand {{Gnaphosidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwig Carl Christian Koch
Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicine and science. From 1850, he practiced as a physician in the Wöhrd district of Nuremberg. He is considered among the four most influential scientists on insects and spiders in the second half of the 19th century. He wrote numerous works on the arachinoids of Europe, Siberia, and Australia. His work earned him worldwide reputation as "Spider Koch". Sometimes confused with his father Carl Ludwig Koch (1778–1857), another famous arachnologist, his name is abbreviated L.Koch on species descriptions; his father's name is abbreviated C.L.Koch Pierre Bonnet. ''Bibliographia araneorum,'' (1945) Les frères Doularoude (Toulouse). Works ''Die Arachniden Australiens'' (1871-1883), his major work on Australian spiders, was completed by Eugen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceania
Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of and a population of around 44.5 million as of 2021. When compared with (and sometimes described as being one of) the continents, the region of Oceania is the smallest in land area and the list of continents and continental subregions by population, second least populated after Antarctica. Its major population centres are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Auckland, Adelaide, Honolulu, and Christchurch. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the developed country, highly developed and globally competitive market economy, financial markets of Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, Hawaii, New Caledonia, and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and Human Development Index, to the much least developed countries, less developed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnaphosidae
Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with over 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include ''Gnaphosa'', ''Drassodes'', ''Micaria'', '' Cesonia'', ''Zelotes'' and many others. They are closely related to Clubionidae. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans. Description Generally, ground spiders are characterized by having barrel-shaped anterior spinnerets that are one spinneret diameter apart. The main exception to this rule is found in the ant-mimicking genus ''Micaria''. Another characteristic is an indentation in the endites (paired mouthparts anterior and lateral to the labium, or lip). All ground spiders lack a prey-capture web and generally run prey down on the surface. They hunt at night and spend the day in a silken retreat. The genitalia are diverse and are a good model for studying the evolution of genitalia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area, covering . New Zealand is about east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and then developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelanda Elongata
''Zelanda'' is a genus of South Pacific ground spiders that was first described by H. Özdikmen in 2009. Species it contains six species, all found in New Zealand: *'' Zelanda elongata'' ( Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *''Zelanda erebus'' (L. Koch, 1873) (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda kaituna'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda miranda'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda obtusa'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda titirangia'' (Ovtsharenko, Fedoryak & Zakharov, 2006) – New Zealand References Araneomorphae genera Gnaphosidae Spiders of New Zealand {{Gnaphosidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Robert Forster
Raymond Robert Forster (19 June 1922 – 1 July 2000) was a New Zealand arachnologist and museum director. He was a Fellow of the Entomological Society of New Zealand. Biography Forster was born in Hastings, New Zealand in 1922, and was educated at Victoria University College, gaining BSc, MSc(Hons) and DSc degrees. Forster was an entomologist at the National Museum in Wellington from 1940 to 1947, with an interruption for military service during World War II. Between 1942 and 1945 he served first in the army and then as a naval radar mechanic.Ray Forster obituary . International Society of Arachnology. Retrieved 14 February 2013. He was appointed zoologist and assistant director at Canterbury Mus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelanda Kaituna
''Zelanda'' is a genus of South Pacific ground spiders that was first described by H. Özdikmen in 2009. Species it contains six species, all found in New Zealand: *''Zelanda elongata'' ( Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *''Zelanda erebus'' (L. Koch, 1873) (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda kaituna'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda miranda'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda obtusa'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda titirangia'' (Ovtsharenko, Fedoryak & Zakharov, 2006) – New Zealand References Araneomorphae genera Gnaphosidae Spiders of New Zealand {{Gnaphosidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zelanda Miranda
''Zelanda'' is a genus of South Pacific ground spiders that was first described by H. Özdikmen in 2009. Species it contains six species, all found in New Zealand: *''Zelanda elongata'' ( Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *''Zelanda erebus'' (L. Koch, 1873) (type) – New Zealand *''Zelanda kaituna ''Zelanda'' is a genus of South Pacific ground spiders that was first described by H. Özdikmen in 2009. Species it contains six species, all found in New Zealand: *''Zelanda elongata'' ( Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *''Zelanda erebus'' (L. ...'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda miranda'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda obtusa'' (Forster, 1979) – New Zealand *'' Zelanda titirangia'' (Ovtsharenko, Fedoryak & Zakharov, 2006) – New Zealand References Araneomorphae genera Gnaphosidae Spiders of New Zealand {{Gnaphosidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_(2).jpg "Click for more on -> Type Species")