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Zakhchin Dialect
The Zakhchin ( mn, Захчин) is a subgroup of the Oirats residing in Khovd Province, Mongolia. Zakhchin means 'Border people'. They are so called because they originated from the border garrison (mainly from Torghut, Dorbet Oirat, and Dzungar people, Dzungar) of the Dzungar Khanate. They originally spoke the Zakhchin dialect of the Oirat language, but actually pure Oirat language is used by elder generations, younger generations use a dialect being under a strong Khalkha Mongolian, Khalkha influence. History The Zakhchins conquered by the Manchus of the Qing dynasty in 1754 and controlled by Zasagt Khan aimag's Tsevdenjav gün, then moved to Zereg and Shar Khulsan. One Banner with 4(+1) sums were designated for them and noble Maamad (Mamuud) zaisan became the chieftain but Mamuud killed by Zungharian king Amarsanaa later and the Zakhchins revolted together with Amursana against the Qing. The sums were: * Bichgiin meeren's sum (in modern Mankhan, Khovd province) * Güüj zan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oirat Language
Oirat (Clear script: , , ; Kalmyk: , ; Khalkha Mongolian: , ) is a Mongolic language spoken by the descendants of Oirat Mongols, now forming parts of Mongols in China, Kalmyks in Russia and Mongolians. Largely mutually intelligible to other core Central Mongolic languages, scholars differ as to whether they regard Oirat as a distinct language or a major dialect of the Mongolian language. Oirat-speaking areas are scattered across the far west of Mongolia, the northwest of ChinaSečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 396-398 and Russia's Caspian coast, where its major variety is Kalmyk. In China, it is spoken mainly in Xinjiang, but also among the '' Deed Mongol'' of Qinghai and Subei County in Gansu. In all three countries, Oirat has become variously endangered or even obsolescent as a direct result of government actions or as a consequence of social and economic policies. Its most widespread tribal dialect, which is spoken in all of these nations, is Torgut.Svantesson et al. 2005: 148 The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amursana
Amursana ( Mongolian ; ; 172321September 1757) was an 18th-century ''taishi'' () or prince of the Khoit- Oirat tribe that ruled over parts of Dzungaria and Altishahr in present-day northwest China. Known as the last great Oirat hero, Amursana was the last of the Dzungar rulers. The defeat of his rebel forces by Qing dynasty Chinese armies in the late 1750s signaled the final extinction of Mongol influence and power in Inner Asia, ensured the incorporation of Mongol territory into the Qing Chinese Empire, and brought about the Dzungar genocide, the Qing Emperor's "final solution" to China's northwest frontier problems. Family Amursana was born in 1723 to a noble mother from the Dzungar-Oirat tribe and ''taisha'' or crown prince of the Khoit-Oirat clan. Amursana's mother, Boitalak () was the daughter of Tsewang Rabtan, leader of the Dzungar-Oriat tribe following the death of Galdan Boshugtu Khan. She first married Danjung (), the eldest son of Lha-bzang Khan, ruler of the Kho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Peoples
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of Mongolic peoples. The Oirats in Western Mongolia as well as the Buryats and Kalmyks of Russia are classified either as distinct ethno-linguistic groups or subgroups of Mongols. The Mongols are bound together by a common heritage and ethnic identity. Their indigenous dialects are collectively known as the Mongolian language. The ancestors of the modern-day Mongols are referred to as Proto-Mongols. Definition Broadly defined, the term includes the Mongols proper (also known as the Khalkha Mongols), Buryats, Oirats, the Kalmyk people and the Southern Mongols. The latter comprises the Abaga Mongols, Abaganar, Aohans, Baarins, Chahars, Eastern Dorbets, Gorlos Mongols, Jalaids, Jaruud, Kharchins, Khishigten, Khorchins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Mongolia
The Prime Minister of Mongolia () is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Hural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no confidence. The incumbent prime minister is Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, who has served since 27 January 2021. He replaced Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, who was elected to the presidency. Powers The Prime Minister has full powers to hire and fire his cabinet ministers and appoints the governors of the 21 aimags of Mongolia, as well as the governor of the capital, Ulaanbaatar.Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, Foreign Service office of Montsame News Agency, , p. 47 History The office of Prime Minister was established in 1912, shortly after (Outer) Mongolia first declared independence from the Manchu Qing Dynasty. This was not recognized by many nations. By the time of Mongolia's second (and more generally recognized) declaration of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal
Rinchinnyam Amarjargal ( Mongolian ; born February 2, 1961) was Prime Minister of Mongolia from July 30, 1999 to July 26, 2000. He is a leading member of the Democratic Party. Life Early years and education Amarjargal was born in Ulaanbaatar in 1961. He fluently speaks Mongolian, Russian and English. He attended the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics in Moscow and earned a diploma in financial economy in 1982. From 1981 to 1982, he also attended the Evening University for Marxism–Leninism. After that, Amarjargal worked at the Central Committee of Mongolian Trade Union. He taught at Military Institute from 1983 to 1990 and at Technical University from 1990 to 1991. He worked as a director of the Economic College of Mongolia from 1991 to 1996. From 1994 to 1995, he studied at the University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, and graduated with a ''Master of Science in Macroeconomic Policy and Planning''. During his state visit in England in March 2000, the univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Great Khural
The State Great Khural, ; "State Great Assembly" is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia.Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, Foreign Service office of Montsame News Agency, , p. 40 It is located in the Government Palace. History ;1914–1919 Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren became the chairman of the State Great Khural in February 1914, and served until his death in April 1919. ;1924–1960 The first ''Ulsyn Ikh Khural'' was called to session in November 1924. This body was the legislature of the Mongolian People's Republic. It delegated much of its powers to an executive committee, the '' Ulsyn Baga Khural'' (Little Khural). The Great Khural held nine sessions between November 1924 and February 1949. Following electoral reforms in 1951, the numbering of its sessions began again. The first was held in July 1951 and the third in July 1957.Alan J. K. Sanders (ed.), "Hural, Little" and "Hural, State Little", in ''Historical Dictionary of Mongolia'', 2nd ed. (Scarecrow Press, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Damdingiin Demberel
Damdiny Demberel (; born on April 15, 1941 in Mankhan Sum, Khovd Aimag) was the previous Speaker of the State Great Khural of Mongolia. Education *In 1960, Demberel finished 10 year secondary school 1 of Khovd city. *In 1964, he graduated from the School of Economics, Ulaanbaatar majoring in Trading Economics and Technology *In 1977, he graduated from the Academy of Social Sciences, Moscow, Soviet Union majoring in politics. Before 1990 *In 1964-1968, Demberel worked as Deputy Chief of the Trade and Procurement Administration of Khovd Aimag. *In 1968-1970, he was Director and Lecturer at the Political and Enlightenment Cabinet, Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) Committee of Khovd Aimag *In 1970-1972, he was First-Secretary of the Revolutionary Youth Union Committee of Khovd Aimag *In 1972-1975, he was Director of Union Organization Unit, Central Committee of the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth Union *In 1977-1990, he worked at the Central Committee, MPRP as an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Mongolia
The president of Mongolia ( mn, Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч, ''Mongol Ulsyn Yerönkhiilögch'') is the executive head of state of Mongolia.Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, , p. 42 The current president is Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh. Political parties with representation in the State Great Khural nominate candidates. The president was originally limited to two four-year terms, but this was changed to a non-renewable six-year term starting with the 2021 presidential election. The president can be removed from office if two-thirds of the Khural find them guilty of abusing their powers or violating their oath.Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, , p. 43 Before inauguration, however, the president-elect must suspend their membership of any political party. Powers of the president *Nominating a candidate for the office of Prime Minister, who is then approved or rejected by the State Great Khural (parliament). This is a ceremonial responsibility, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (, ''Cahiagín Elbegdorj'' ; also referred to as Mongolyin Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj and Tsakhia Elbegdorj; born 30 March 1963) is a Mongolian politician who served as President of Mongolia from 2009 to 2017. He previously served as Prime Minister in 1998 and again from 2004 to 2006. Elbegdorj was one of the key leaders of the 1990 Mongolian democratic revolution that ended 70 years of communist rule in Mongolia, and co-drafted the country's 1992 constitution that guaranteed democracy and a free market economy. Elbegdorj has been labeled by his supporters as a "freedom fighter" and the "Golden Sparrow of Democracy," alluding to a bird that comes with spring sunshine after a long, harsh winter. Elbegdorj is the founder of the '' Ardchilal'' (English: ''Democracy'') newspaper – the country's first independent newspaper – and helped to establish the first independent television station in Mongolia. His tenure has focused on fighting corruption, environmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banners Of Inner Mongolia
A banner (, as "khoshun" in Mongolian) is an administrative division of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China, equivalent to a county-level administrative division. Banners were first used during the Qing dynasty, which organized the Mongols into banners except those who belonged to the Eight Banners. Each banner had sums as nominal subdivisions. In Inner Mongolia, several banners made up a league. In the rest, including Outer Mongolia, northern Xinjiang and Qinghai, Aimag (Аймаг) was the largest administrative division. While it restricted the Mongols from crossing banner borders, the dynasty protected Mongolia from population pressure from China proper. After the Mongolian People's Revolution, the banners of Outer Mongolia were abolished in 1923. There were 49 banners and 24 tribes in Inner Mongolia during the Republic of China. Today, banners are a county-level division in the Chinese administrative hierarchy. There are 52 banners in total, include 3 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aimag
An aimag (, ; xal, әәмг, ), originally a Mongolian word meaning 'tribe', is an administrative subdivision in Mongolia, Russia, and in the Inner Mongolia region of China. Mongolia In Mongolia, an aimag is the first-level administrative subdivision. The country currently has 21 aimags. The capital Ulan Bator is administrated as an independent municipality. During the Qing dynasty, Khalkha was subdivided into four aimags ( Setsen Khan Aimag, Tüsheet Khan Aimag, Sain Noyon Khan Aimag and Zasagt Khan Aimag). An aimag was further subdivided into "banners" (''khoshuu''). Each aimag had an assembly of the local nobility, commonly named "league" in English (''chuulga'' in Mongolian). This administrative structure was kept until 1930, when the current structure with smaller aimags, subdivided into sums, was introduced. Inner Mongolia In Inner Mongolia, aimags (in the Inner Mongolian context, usually translated as "league", from ) are a prefecture-level subdivision, first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogd Khanate Of Mongolia
The Bogd Khanate of Mongolia ( mn, , Богд хаант Монгол Улс; ) was the government of Outer Mongolia between 1911 and 1919 and again from 1921 to 1924. By the spring of 1911, some prominent Mongol nobles including Prince Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren persuaded the Jebstundamba Khutukhtu to convene a meeting of nobles and ecclesiastical officials to discuss independence from Qing China. On 30 November 1911 the Mongols established the Temporary Government of Khalkha. On 29 December 1911 the Mongols declared their independence from the collapsing Qing dynasty following the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution. They installed as theocratic sovereign the 8th Bogd Gegeen, highest authority of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia, who took the title ''Bogd Khan'' or "Holy Ruler". The Bogd Khaan was last khagan of the Mongols. This ushered in the period of "Theocratic Mongolia", and the realm of the Bogd Khan is usually known as the "Bogd Khanate". Three historical currents wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
