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Zainal Abidin Shah Of Pahang
Sultan Zainal Abidin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah (died 1555) was the seventh Sultan of Pahang who reigned from 1540 to 1555. He succeeded on the death of his elder brother in 1540. Personal life Known as Raja Zainal before his accession, Zainal Abidin Shah was the younger son of the fifth Sultan of Pahang, Mahmud Shah by his first wife, Raja Putri Olah binti al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad. He was married first to his second cousin, Raja Putri Dewi, daughter of Mahmud Shah of Melaka by a Kelantanese princess, Putri Onang Kening. He had four children from this marriage, two sons, Raja Mansur, and Raja Jamal, and two daughters, Puteri Khalijah and Puteri Bongsu. Zainal Abidin's second wife was a non-royal, Tun Gemala, daughter of his Bendahara, Seri Buana. By her, he had a son Raja Abdul Kadir. In addition he had eighteen children by his junior wives and concubines. Puteri Khalijah married her first cousin Raja Mahmud, son of Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor. This prince settle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muzaffar Shah Of Pahang
Sultan Muzaffar Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah (died 1540) was the sixth Sultan of Pahang who reigned from 1530 to 1540. He succeeded on the death of his father, Mahmud Shah in 1530. Known as Raja Muzaffar before his succession, he was the eldest son of the fifth Sultan of Pahang, Mahmud Shah by his first wife, Raja Putri Olah binti al-Marhum Sultan Ahmad. Reign Sultan Muzaffar was enthroned at Sayong Pinang, by his second cousin, Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor. At the beginning of his reign, a leader of Orang Laut named Patih Ludang from Singapore whom earlier had quarrelled with Sang Setia, a Hulubalang from Johor , seek protection in Pahang with his followers. Patih Ludang was killed by Sang Setia in the court of Johor while escorting Sultan Muzaffar in his enthronement ceremony. The incident was ultimately settled amicably without further bloodshed between both states. Contrary to the reign of his father that saw numerous armed conflicts with the Portuguese Malacca, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelantan
Kelantan (; Jawi: ; Kelantanese Malay: ''Klate'') is a state in Malaysia. The capital is Kota Bharu and royal seat is Kubang Kerian. The honorific name of the state is ''Darul Naim'' (Jawi: ; "The Blissful Abode"). Kelantan is located in the north-eastern corner of the peninsula. Kelantan, which is said to translate as the "Land of Lightning" (see alternate theories below), is an agrarian state with green paddy fields, rustic fishing villages and casuarina-lined beaches. Kelantan is home to some of the most ancient archaeological discoveries in Malaysia, including several prehistoric aboriginal settlements. Due to Kelantan's relative isolation and largely rural lifestyle, Kelantanese culture differs somewhat from Malay culture in the rest of the peninsula; this is reflected in the cuisine, arts and the unique Kelantanese Malay language, which is unintelligible even for some speakers of standard Malay. Kelantan is positioned in the north-east of the Malay Peninsula. It is bor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka ( en, Institute of Language and Literature, Jawi: ديوان بهاس دان ڤوستاک), abbreviated DBP, is the government body responsible for coordinating the use of the Malay language and Malay-language literature in Malaysia. History DBP Malaysia was established as Balai Pustaka in Johor Bahru on 22 June 1956, It was placed under the purview of the then Malayan Ministry of Education. During the ''Kongres Bahasa dan Persuratan Melayu III'' (The Third Malay Literary and Language Congress) which was held between 16 and 21 September 1956 in both Singapore and Johor Bahru, Balai Pustaka was renamed Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Royal Prof Ungku Abdul Aziz Ungku Abdul Hamid was instrumental in setting up the institution. In 1957, DBP moved from Johor Bahru to Kuala Lumpur. Through ''Ordinan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 1959'', DBP was granted a charter with its own Board of Governors. With the charter, DBP has the power to form policies regarding the Mal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buyong Adil
Buyong Adil (born Mohd Yusuf bin Adil; January 1907 – 31 August 1976) was a national historian of Malaysia and author of several books on the history of Malaysia. Buyong was a nickname given by his parents. He was also known as Cikgu Buyong. He would spend his later career working in the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, a government regulating body that coordinates the use of the Malay language and Malay-language literature. Biography Education and Career Buyong Adil was born in January 1907 in Teluk Intan, Perak. He received his early education at Sekolah Melayu Teluk Anson and later entered the Kolej Latihan Sultan Idris (SITC), Tanjung Malim in 1924. He was the best student at SITC and became a lecturer there after graduating. He began to write on history after his teacher, Abdul Hadi Hassan, moved to Kelantan. In 1939, Buyong Adil wrote ''Sejarah Alam Melayu Penggal IV'' and ''Sejarah Melayu V''. During the Japanese occupation, he was selected to undergo Japanese teacher training at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aceh Sultanate
The Sultanate of Aceh, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam ( ace, Keurajeuën Acèh Darussalam; Jawoë: كاورجاون اچيه دارالسلام), was a sultanate centered in the modern-day Indonesian province of Aceh. It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, before experiencing a long period of decline. Its capital was Kutaraja, the present-day Banda Aceh. At its peak it was a formidable enemy of the Sultanate of Johor and Portuguese-controlled Malacca, both on the Malayan Peninsula, as all three attempted to control the trade through the Strait of Malacca and the regional exports of pepper and tin with fluctuating success. In addition to its considerable military strength, the court of Aceh became a noted center of Islamic scholarship and trade. History Foundation and rise The sultanate was founded by Ali Mughayat Syah, who began campaigns to extend his control over northern Sumatra in 1520. His conquests included Deli, Pedir, and Pas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Malacca
Portuguese control of Malacca, a city on the Malay Peninsula, refers to the 130 year period (1511–1641) when it was a possession of the Portuguese East Indies. It was conquered from the Malacca Sultanate as part of Portuguese attempts to gain control of trade in the region. Although multiple attempts to conquer it were repulsed, the city was eventually lost to an alliance of Dutch and regional forces, thus entering a period of Dutch rule. History According to the 16th-century Portuguese historian Emanuel Godinho de Erédia, the site of the old city of Malacca was named after the malacca tree (''Phyllanthus emblica''), fruit-bearing trees along the banks of a river called ''Airlele'' (Ayer Leleh). The Airlele river was said to originate from ''Buquet China'' (present-day Bukit Cina). Eredia cited that the city was founded by ''Permicuri'' (i.e. ''Parameswara'') the first King of Malacca in 1411. The capture of Malacca The news of Malacca's wealth attracted the atte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rump State
A rump state is the remnant of a once much larger state, left with a reduced territory in the wake of secession, annexation, occupation, decolonization, or a successful coup d'état or revolution on part of its former territory. In the last case, a government stops short of going into exile because it controls part of its former territory. Examples Ancient history *During the Second Intermediate Period, following the conquest of Lower Egypt by the Hyksos, there was a rump Egyptian kingdom in Upper Egypt centered on Thebes, which eventually reunified the country at the start of the New Kingdom. * Seleucid Empire after losing most of its territory to the Parthian Empire. * The State of Shu Han during the Chinese Three Kingdoms Period, claimed to be a continuation of the original Han Dynasty. * After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in Gaul, the Kingdom of Soissons survived as a rump state under Aegidius and Syagrius until conquered by the Franks under Clovis I in 486. *Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alauddin Riayat Shah II Of Johor
Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah (died 1564) was the first sultan of Johor. He ruled Johor from 1528 to 1564. He founded the Johor Sultanate following the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511. He was the second son of Mahmud Shah of Malacca. Thus, Johor was a successor state of Malacca and Johor's sultans follow the numbering system of Malacca. Throughout his reign, he faced constant threats from the Portuguese as well as the emerging Aceh Sultanate. Founding of Johor and Portuguese threats In 1529, Alauddin Riayat founded his first capital in Hujung Tanah, known as Pekan Tua, 11 km upriver from Kota Tinggi, following the death of his father. A river fort, Kota Kara was also founded down the river. In 1535, about 400 Portuguese troops led by Estêvão da Gama invaded Johor. Kota Kara was bombarded but the Malays withstood the attack. After a few days, Portuguese troops landed and bombarded the fort but they also had to retreat. Their mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bendahara
Bendahara ( Jawi: بنداهارا) is an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post. The bendahara and the sultan shared the same lineage. Tasks of the Bendahara The closest post which is comparable to the post of the vizier as the Malay kingdoms are Islamic kingdoms. As the bendahara is the head of the nobility, the status confers certain responsibility. The bendahara is the backbone of the Malay Sultanate. For the ancient kingdoms of Malacca and Johor, there were many tasks and responsibilities but the primary ones were: * coronation and installation of the Sultan * responsibility of the welfare of the Sultan * adviser to his majesty on affairs of the state based on Sharia and Adat (Prevailing norms and values) * responsibility of the Royal marriage, birth and funeral * responsibility of the royal succession ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Shah Of Malacca
Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah (died 1528) ruled the Sultanate of Malacca from 1488 to 1511, and again as pretender to the throne from 1513 to 1528. He was son to Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah of Malacca, Alauddin Riayat Shah. As a monarch, he was known to be ruthless ruler. After the capture of Malacca and the downfall of the century long sultanate; Mahmud left for Bintan and became a leader of a small confederacy which led attacks against Portuguese-occupied Malacca in the late 1510s. After retaliation from the Portuguese in 1526, he fled to Riau and died there in 1528. He had several wives, the most notable being Tun Teja. The sultan was surrounded by able men and warriors such as Hang Tuah, Khoja Hassan and Hang Nadim. He had three sons; Ahmad Shah, Muzaffar I of Perak, Muzaffar and Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor, Alauddin Riayat Shah II. Muzaffar and Alauddin Riayat would later form the Perak#Sultanate of Perak, Perak and Johor Sultanate respectiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mansur Shah II Of Pahang
Sultan Mansur Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin Shah (died 1560) is the eighth Sultan of Pahang who reigned from 1555 to 1560. He succeeded on the death of his father, Zainal Abidin Shah in 1555. Early life Known as Raja Mansur before his accession, he is the eldest son of the seventh Sultan, Zainal Abidin Shah by his Royal wife, Raja Putri Dewi, daughter of Mahmud Shah of Melaka. Mansur Shah II married first to Raja Putri Fatima, elder daughter of Alauddin Riayat Shah II by his wife, Raja Puspa Dewi binti Sultan Mahmud Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad Shah. He married secondly after the death of his first wife, to Putri Bakal binti Raja Ahmad, daughter of Raja Ahmad bin Raja Muhammad of Terengganu. Death According to the classical Malay text, Bustanus Salatin, Mansur Shah II was killed in a battle against the Javanese Hindus Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Cousin
Most generally, in the lineal kinship system used in the English-speaking world, a cousin is a type of familial relationship in which two relatives are two or more familial generations away from their most recent common ancestor. Commonly, "cousin" refers to a first cousin – a relative of the same generation whose most recent common ancestor with the subject is a grandparent. Degrees and removals are separate measures used to more precisely describe the relationship between cousins. ''Degree'' measures the separation, in generations, from the most recent common ancestor(s) to a parent of one of the cousins (whichever is closest), while ''removal'' measures the difference in generations between the cousins themselves, relative to their most recent common ancestor(s). To illustrate usage, a second cousin is a cousin with a ''degree'' of two; there are three (not two) generations from the common ancestor(s). When the degree is not specified, first cousin is assumed. A cousin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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