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Yadana
The Yadana gas field is an offshore gas field in the Andaman Sea. It is located about offshore to the nearest landfall in Myanmar.Yadana means "treasure" in Burmese. The gas field is an important source of revenue for the Myanmar Army. Gas from Yadana is used to generate about 8 percent of the electricity in neighbouring Thailand and around half of all electricity in Myanmar’s largest city, Yangon. Description The Yadana gas field contains more than 150 billion cubic meters of natural gas and has an expected field life of over 30 years. In 2009, the output averaged . The gas field lies around beneath the seabed in the water depth around . The offshore production complex consist of two remote wellhead platforms, one bridge-linked wellhead platform, a production platform, a living quarters platform, and a medium compression platform. Produced gas is exported through two pipelines. The first is the Yadana Gas Pipeline, a pipeline runs underwater from Yadana to Damins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yadana Gas Pipeline
The Yadana pipeline is a transboundary natural gas pipeline linking Myanmar's Yadana gas field to Thailand. Built from 1995 to 1998 with the support of Thailand through the Petroleum Authority of Thailand, the project was subject to controversy over human rights abuses against minority groups in Myanmar and environmental concerns in Thailand. It supplies about 25 percent of Thailand's natural gas demand. Construction of Thai pipeline Contractor and Building Time In January 1997, the Tasco Mannesmann Joint Venture (TMJV a Thai-German Company Joint Venture), won the pipeline contract which included the procurement, construction and commissioning of the pipeline and related facilities, as well as the design of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Telecommunications system including a Fiber optic cable system. The Yadana Gas Pipeline in Thailand was built in 1997–1998. Design, Detail Engineering and Route selection The Petroleum Authority of Thailand (now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yetagun Gas Field
The Yetagon gas field is an offshore gas field in the Andaman Sea. Following the Yadana project, the US$700 million Yetagun ("Flag of victory") project was the second natural gas offshore project in Myanmar. Description The Yetagun gas field contained a reserve estimated at . In 2000, the production started at and could go up to . It travels through a , diameter pipeline to Thailand. About of the pipelines is undersea, and the rest of it is onshore, where it links with the Yadana pipeline. Also, Yetagun could produce eight to nine thousand barrels of gas condensate per day. History The Yetagun gas field was a joint venture between Texaco (50%), Premier Oil (30%), and Nippon Oil (20%). After Texaco withdrew in 1997 and Premier Oil withdrew in 2002, Petronas became the operator. In 2008, the Yetagun gas pipeline had a problem with leaking, causing a loss of 400-500 million cubic feet per day (cfd) to Thailand. In 2011, a helicopter hired by Petronas to work at Yetagun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Total Denial
''Total Denial'' is a 2006 documentary film about fifteen Burmese villagers going up against oil giants UNOCAL and Total as they build the Yadana Pipeline. External links * * Interview from ''Democracy Now!'' program, October 12, 2007 2006 films American independent films American documentary films Documentary films about petroleum 2000s English-language films 2000s American films {{environment-documentary-film-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TotalEnergies
TotalEnergies SE is a French Multinational corporation, multinational integrated energy and List of oil exploration and production companies, petroleum company founded in 1924 and one of the seven Big Oil, supermajor oil companies. Its businesses cover the entire oil and gas chain, from crude oil and natural gas exploration and production to power generation, transportation, refining, petroleum product marketing, and international crude oil and product trading. TotalEnergies is also a large-scale Chemical industry, chemicals manufacturer. TotalEnergies has its head office in the Tour Total in La Défense district in Courbevoie, west of Paris. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, it was ranked as the 29th-largest public company in the world, and additionally ranked as the 25th largest company of any type on the Fortune Global 500. History 1924–1985: Compagnie française des pétroles The company was founded after Wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanma Oil And Gas Enterprise
Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise ( my, မြန်မာ့ရေနံနှင့် သဘာဝဓါတ်ငွေ့လုပ်ငန်း; abbreviated MOGE) is a national oil and gas company of Myanmar. It was established in 1963. MOGE royalties and fees are estimated to generate $1.5 billion USD in annual revenues, about half of the country's foreign currency reserves. History Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise was established in 1963 after nationalisation of the Burmese petroleum industry. The nationalised assets of Burmah Oil Company were amalgamated to MOGE . Myanma discovered the Mann oil field in 1970. Peak production in 1979 was 23,000 barrels of oil per day, about three-quarters of Myanmar's total production. The company is a sole operator of oil and gas exploration and production, as well as domestic gas transmission through a onshore pipeline grid. MOGE is a partner in the Yadana natural gas pipeline project, operated by Total S.A., a French energy group. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alien Tort Claims Act
The Alien Tort Statute ( codified in 1948 as ; ATS), also called the Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA), is a section in the United States Code that gives federal courts jurisdiction over lawsuits filed by foreign nationals for torts committed in violation of international law. It was first introduced by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and is one of the oldest federal laws still in effect in the U.S. The ATS was rarely cited for nearly two centuries after its enactment, and its exact purpose and scope remain debated.Stephen P. Mulligan''The Rise and Decline of the Alien Tort Statute'', Congressional Research Service (June 6, 2018). The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the Act's primary purpose as " romotingharmony in international relations by ensuring foreign plaintiffs a remedy for international-law violations in circumstances where the absence of such a remedy might provoke foreign nations to hold the United States accountable.". Since 1980, courts have generally interpreted the ATS to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unocal Corporation
Union Oil Company of California, and its holding company Unocal Corporation, together known as Unocal was a major petroleum explorer and marketer in the late 19th century, through the 20th century, and into the early 21st century. It was headquartered in El Segundo, California, United States. Unocal was involved in domestic and global energy projects. Unocal was one of the key players in the CentGas consortium, which attempted to build the Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline to run from the Caspian area, through Afghanistan, to the Indian Ocean, at a time after the Taliban siege of Kabul in 1996. On August 10, 2005, Unocal merged its entire upstream petroleum business with Chevron and became a wholly-owned subsidiary. Unocal then ceased operations as an independent company, but continues to conduct many operations as Union Oil Company of California, a Chevron company. History The Union Oil Company of California was founded on October 17, 1890, in Santa Paula, California, by Lyman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yangon
Yangon ( my, ရန်ကုန်; ; ), formerly spelled as Rangoon, is the capital of the Yangon Region and the largest city of Myanmar (also known as Burma). Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government relocated the administrative functions to the purpose-built capital city of Naypyidaw in north central Myanmar. With over 7 million people, Yangon is Myanmar's most populous city and its most important commercial centre. Yangon boasts the largest number of colonial-era buildings in Southeast Asia, and has a unique colonial-era urban core that is remarkably intact. The colonial-era commercial core is centered around the Sule Pagoda, which is reputed to be over 2,000 years old. The city is also home to the gilded Shwedagon Pagoda – Myanmar's most sacred and famous Buddhist pagoda. Yangon suffers from deeply inadequate infrastructure, especially compared to other major cities in Southeast Asia, such as Jakarta, Bangkok or Hanoi. Though ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilok
Pilok ( th, ปิล็อก or , ) is a subdistrict (''tambon'') in Thong Pha Phum District of Thailand's Kanchanaburi Province. Its main settlement, Ban I-tong (, ), is a remote village on the Myanmar border, and is surrounded by Thong Pha Phum National Park, which takes up most of the subdistrict's area. Pilok rose as a mining boomtown in the 1940s, when tin mining, tin and tungsten mining, tungsten mines were established in the area, but suffered greatly from the 1985 tin crisis, tin market crash of 1985, after which its mines ceased operation. The village has since seen revival as a tourist destination. Name The name Pilok probably derives from the Thai term ''phi lok'' (ผีหลอก, to be scared by ghosts), a reference to the area's hostile conditions as well as violent early history, when clashes between Thai authorities and Burmese workers left many dead. The village name of I-tong comes from my, နတ်အိမ်တောင် (''Nat (spirit), nat im taung'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, John Wells explains, the English spellings of both Myanmar and Burma assume a non-rhotic variety of English, in which the letter r before a consonant or finally serves merely to indicate a long vowel: [ˈmjænmɑː, ˈbɜːmə]. So the pronunciation of the last syllable of Myanmar as [mɑːr] or of Burma as [bɜːrmə] by some speakers in the UK and most speakers in North America is in fact a spelling pronunciation based on a misunderstanding of non-rhotic spelling conventions. The final ''r'' in ''Myanmar'' was not intended for pronunciation and is there to ensure that the final a is pronounced with the broad a, broad ''ah'' () in "father". If the Burmese name my, မြန်မာ, label=none were spelled "Myanma" in English, this would b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democracy
Democracy (From grc, δημοκρατία, dēmokratía, ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation (" direct democracy"), or to choose governing officials to do so ("representative democracy"). Who is considered part of "the people" and how authority is shared among or delegated by the people has changed over time and at different rates in different countries. Features of democracy often include freedom of assembly, association, property rights, freedom of religion and speech, inclusiveness and equality, citizenship, consent of the governed, voting rights, freedom from unwarranted governmental deprivation of the right to life and liberty, and minority rights. The notion of democracy has evolved over time considerably. Throughout history, one can find evidence of direct democracy, in which communities make decisions through popular assembly. Today, the dominant form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Gas Fields In Myanmar
Nature, in the broadest sense, is the physical world or universe. "Nature" can refer to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general. The study of nature is a large, if not the only, part of science. Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena. The word ''nature'' is borrowed from the Old French ''nature'' and is derived from the Latin word ''natura'', or "essential qualities, innate disposition", and in ancient times, literally meant "birth". In ancient philosophy, ''natura'' is mostly used as the Latin translation of the Greek word ''physis'' (φύσις), which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics of plants, animals, and other features of the world to develop of their own accord. The concept of nature as a whole, the physical universe, is one of several expansions of the original notion; it began with certain core applications of the word φύσις by pre-So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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