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Yunxi (prince)
Aisin Gioro Yunxi (慎靖郡王 允禧; 27 February 1711 – 26 June 1758) was Kangxi Emperor's 21st surviving son and the first Prince Shen of the Second Rank. Due to his age, Yunxi was not embroiled in the succession war among Kangxi Emperor's sons. Yunxi belonged to the most notable artists of the Qing dynasty. Life Early years Yunxi was born on 27 February 1711 to lady Chen, Noble Lady Qian (倩贵人). Due to vast disproportion in the age of the representatives of his generation, he would normally belong to "hong" generation as he was born on the same year as Qianlong Emperor. In 1722, his mother was promoted to concubine Xi (熙嫔). Affiliation with art Yunxi was one of the most excellent Kangxi Emperor's sons due to his talent for arts and diligence in studies. Most of Yunxi's paintings used Gongbi technique following the school of Dong Yuan and Wen Zhengming, one of the most renowned Ming dynasty artists. Actually, Yunxi's artworks exceed from the definition of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Shen
Prince Shen of the Second Rank (Manchu: ; ''doroi ginggulehe giyūn wang''), or simply Prince Shen, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1636–1912). It was renamed to "Prince Zhi of the Second Rank" in 1772 and upgraded to Prince Zhi of the First Rank (or simply Prince Zhi) in 1789. Since the peerage was not awarded "iron-cap" status, this meant that each successive bearer of the title would normally start off with a title downgraded by one rank ''vis-à-vis'' that held by his predecessor. However, the title would generally not be downgraded to any lower than a ''feng'en fuguo gong'' except under special circumstances. The first bearer of the title was Yunxi (允禧; 1711–1758), the 21st son of the Kangxi Emperor. In 1735, Yunxi was granted the title "Prince Shen of the Second Rank" by his nephew, the Qianlong Emperor. As his two sons died early, Yunxi adopted the Qianlong Emperor's sixth son, Yongrong (1744–1790), as his g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plain Yellow Banner
The Plain Yellow Banner () was one of the Eight Banners of Manchu military and society during the Later Jin and Qing dynasty of China. The Plain Yellow Banner was one of three "upper" banner armies under the direct command of the emperor himself, and one of the four "right wing" banners. The Plain Yellow Banner was the original banner commanded personally by Nurhaci. The Plain Yellow Banner and the Bordered Yellow Banner were split from each other in 1615, when the troops of the original four banner armies (Yellow, Blue, Red, and White) were divided into eight by adding a bordered variant to each banner's design. After Nurhaci's death, his son Hong Taiji became khan, and took control of both yellow banners. Later, the Shunzhi Emperor took over the Plain White Banner after the death of his regent, Dorgon, to whom it previously belonged. From that point forward, the emperor directly controlled three "upper" banners (Plain Yellow, Bordered Yellow, and Plain White), as opposed to the ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kangxi Emperor's Sons
The Kangxi Emperor (4 May 1654– 20 December 1722), also known by his temple name Emperor Shengzu of Qing, born Xuanye, was the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1722. The Kangxi Emperor's reign of 61 years makes him the longest-reigning emperor in Chinese history (although his grandson, the Qianlong Emperor, had the longest period of ''de facto'' power, ascending as an adult and maintaining effective power until his death) and one of the longest-reigning rulers in history. However, since he ascended the throne at the age of seven, actual power was held for six years by four regents and his grandmother, the Grand Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang. The Kangxi Emperor is considered one of China's greatest emperors. He suppressed the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, forced the Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan and assorted Mongol rebels in the North and Northwest to submit to Qing rule, and blocked Tsarist Ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty Imperial Princes
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borjigin
A Borjigin, ; ; russian: Борджигин, Bordžigin; English plural: Borjigins or Borjigid (from Middle Mongolian);''Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan'', p. 119. Manchu plural: is a member of the Mongol sub-clan, which started with Bodonchar Munkhag of the Kiyat clan. Yesugei's descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin. The senior Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century.Humphrey & Sneath, p. 27. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and some other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigid are found in most of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and additionally genetic research has shown that descent from Genghis Khan and Amir Timur Barlas is common throughout Central Asia and other regions. Origin and name The patrilineage began with Blue-grey Wolf (Börte Chino) and Fallow Doe (Gua Maral). According to ''The Secret History of the Mongols'', their 11th generation descend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalkha Mongols
The Khalkha ( Mongolian: mn, Халх, Halh, , zh, 喀爾喀) have been the largest subgroup of Mongol people in modern Mongolia since the 15th century. The Khalkha, together with Chahars, Ordos and Tumed, were directly ruled by Borjigin khans until the 20th century; unlike the Oirats, who were ruled by Dzungar nobles or the Khorchins, who were ruled by Qasar's descendants. The two original major Khalkha groups were ruled by the direct male line descendants of Dayan Khan. The Baarin, Khongirad, Jaruud, Bayaud and the O'zeed (Ujeed) became Dayan Khan's fifth son Achibolod's subjects, thus formed the Southern Five Halhs. Seven northern Khalkha otogs: 1) Jalairs, Olkhonud; 2) Besut, Iljigin; 3) Gorlos, Keregut; 4) Khuree, Khoroo, Tsookhor; 5) Khukhuid, Khatagin; 6) Tanghut, Sartuul; 7) Uriankhai became Dayan Khan's youngest (could be third) son Geresenje's ( mn, Гэрсэне Жалайр Хан) subjects. Khotogoids are close in culture and language to the Khalkha Mongols. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Xiaoxianchun
Empress Xiaoxianchun (28 March 1712 – 8 April 1748), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Fuca clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and first empress consort of Hongli, the Qianlong Emperor. She was Empress consort of Qing from 1738 until her death in 1748. She was described as a respected and virtuous person, praised and favoured by the emperor. She did not like spending money for her own good and took her duties seriously when it came to Confucian rituals. Life Family background Empress Xiaoxianchun's personal name was not recorded in history. * Father: Lirongbao (; 1674–1723), served as a third rank military official () of Chahar, and held the title of a first class duke () ** Paternal grandfather: Mishan (; 1633–1675), served as the Minister of Revenue from 1669 to 1675 ** Paternal uncle: Maci (1652–1739) * Mother: Lady Gioro * Seven elder brothers and two younger brothers ** Ninth younger brother: Fuheng (1720–1770) * One younger sister: wife of Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunlu
Yunlu (28 July 1695 – 20 March 1767), born Yinlu, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. Yunlu was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as the 16th son of the Kangxi Emperor. His mother was Consort Mi (密妃), a Han Chinese with the family name Wang. He was good in mathematics and musical tuning. Boguoduo (博果鐸), the 2nd Prince Zhuang of the First Rank, died in 1723 without an heir. Yunlu was adopted as his heir and inherited his peerage. Yunlu was trusted by Yongzheng Emperor. In 1723, the emperor became seriously ill, Yunlu was appointed as one of regents together with Yunli, Ortai and Zhang Tingyu to assist the new emperor. Hongxi (弘晳), the 2nd Prince Li of the First Rank, was found guilty of rebellion in 1739. Yunlu was implicated in the case and stripped of official position. He returned to politics and managed ''department of sacrificial rite music'' ( 神樂署) in 1742, but was no longer trusted by Qianlong Emperor. He died in 1767, and was granted the pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coup Of Hongxi
A coup of Hongxi was an unsuccessful coup d'etat organised by Hongxi, Prince Li of the First Rank and the eldest surviving son of deposed crown prince Yunreng and other co-conspirators, most of whom were sons of the imperial princes who did not participate in the succession brawl between Yinzhen, Yunzhi, Yunsi and their supporters. The background Yunreng's tenure as a crown prince Yunreng was instated as the crown prince in 1675, having barely been one year old. Yunreng married lady Guwalgiya (daughter of Shi Wenbing), lady Ligiya, Lady Lingiya, Lady Tanggiya and Lady Fangiya in 1695, with lady Gūwalgiya being instated as crown princess. As Yunreng was instated as a crown prince, his children would be adopted into the imperial palace. When Kangxi Emperor went on military campaign against Galdan Khan in 1696, Yunreng became a regent. At that time, he showed immoral behaviour, yet remained in the favour. In 1703, Yunreng was implicated in the Songgotu's case of attempt to mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zheng Xie
Zheng Xie (; 1693–1765), commonly known as Zheng Banqiao () was a Chinese painter from Jiangsu. He began life in poverty, but rose in the exam system to become a magistrate at Shandong. However, after 12 years, he became critical of the life of an official as he refused to ingratiate himself with senior officials. When he was reportedly criticized for building a shelter for the poor, he resigned. After that, he expressed himself in art and became one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou. He was noted for his drawing of orchids, bamboo, and stones. In 1748 he briefly resumed an official career as "official calligrapher and painter" for the Qianlong Emperor. Zheng was also a calligrapher who created a new calligraphy style influenced by his orchid drawings. Added to this, he had an interest in literature and poetry. He preferred to write about ordinary people in a natural style. References * External links Zheng Xie and his Painting Galleryat China Online Museum [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yongrong
Yongrong (28 January 1744 – 13 June 1790) was a Manchu prince and calligrapher of the Qing dynasty in China. He was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as the sixth son of the Qianlong Emperor; his mother was Imperial Noble Consort Chunhui. Biography In 1759, he was adopted into the lineage of his granduncle Yunxi (允禧; 1711–1758) as Yunxi's grandson, because Yunxi had no son to inherit his Prince Shen peerage. Yongrong was made a ''beile'' in the same year. In 1772, he was promoted to ''junwang'' (second-rank prince) as "Prince Zhi of the Second Rank" (質郡王). In 1789, he was further promoted to ''qinwang'' (first-rank prince), as "Prince Zhi of the First Rank" (質親王). He died in 1790 and was posthumously honoured as "Prince Zhizhuang of the First Rank" (質莊親王). He was succeeded by his fifth son, Mianqing. Artist Yongrong is best known for his work as a general editor of the '' Siku Quanshu'', and for his calligraphy in the manuscript '' Twenty-O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuseppe Castiglione (Jesuit Painter)
Giuseppe Castiglione, S.J. (; 19 July 1688 – 17 July 1766), was an Italian Jesuit brother and missionary in China, where he served as an artist at the imperial court of three Qing emperors – the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors. He painted in a style that is a fusion of European and Chinese traditions. Early life Castiglione was born in Milan's San Marcellino district on 19 July 1688. He was educated at home with a private tutor, then a common practice among wealthy families. He also learned to paint under the guidance of a master. In 1707, he entered the Society of Jesus in Genoa aged 19. Although a Jesuit, he was never ordained as a priest, instead joining as a lay brother. Works Paintings In the late 17th century, a number of European Jesuit painters served in the Qing court of the Kangxi Emperor who was interested in employing European Jesuits trained in various fields, including painting. In the early 18th century, Jesuits in China made a request for a pai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
