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Yasuhiko Asahina
Yasuhiko Asahina (朝比奈泰彦 ''Asahina Yasuhiko''; April 16, 1881 – June 30, 1975) was a Japanese chemist and lichenologist. Early life During his childhood, Asahina developed an interest in plants. In 1902, he enrolled in the School of Pharmacy at Tokyo Imperial University, from which he graduated in 1905. Asahina stayed at the university to research the chemical principles of Chinese traditional medicine under Junichiro Shimoyama. His first paper on styracitol isolation from ''Styrax obassia'' was published in 1907. In 1909, Asahina travelled to Zurich to study phytochemistry under Richard Willstätter. He continued his research on chlorophyll until 1912, when he moved to Berlin. He spent three months in Germany working in the laboratory of Professor Emil Fischer on a styracitol experiment.Shibata, S. (2000). Yasuhiko Asahina (1880-1975) and His Studies on Lichenology and Chemistry of Lichen Metabolites. The Bryologist, 103(4), 710-719. Retrieved from http://www.jstor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 million residents ; the city proper has a population of 13.99 million people. Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, the prefecture forms part of the Kantō region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Economy of Japan, Japan's economic center and is the seat of both the Government of Japan, Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. Originally a fishing village named Edo, the city became politically prominent in 1603, when it became the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo was one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over one million people. Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was mov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thallus
Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms were previously known as the thallophytes, a polyphyletic group of distantly related organisms. An organism or structure resembling a thallus is called thalloid, thallodal, thalliform, thalline, or thallose. A thallus usually names the entire body of a multicellular non-moving organism in which there is no organization of the tissues into organs. Even though thalli do not have organized and distinct parts (leaves, roots, and stems) as do the vascular plants, they may have analogous structures that resemble their vascular "equivalents". The analogous structures have similar function or macroscopic structure, but different microscopic structure; for example, no thallus has vascular tissue. In exceptional cases such as the Lemnoideae, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Culture
The is a Japanese order, established on February 11, 1937. The order has one class only, and may be awarded to men and women for contributions to Japan's art, literature, science, technology, or anything related to culture in general; recipients of the order also receive an annuity for life. The order is conferred by the Emperor of Japan in person on Culture Day (November 3) each year. It is considered equivalent to the highest rank (Grand Cordon) of the Order of the Rising Sun, the Order of the Sacred Treasure, and the Order of the Precious Crown. The only orders that Japanese emperors bestow on recipients by their own hands are the Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum, the Grand Cordon of each order, and the Order of Culture. The badge of the order, which is in gold with white enamel, is in the form of a Tachibana orange blossom; the central disc bears three crescent-shaped jades ('' magatama''). The badge is suspended on a gold and enamel wreath of mandarin or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Prize Of The Japan Academy
The is a prestigious honor conferred to two of the recipients of the Japan Academy Prize. Overviews It is awarded in two categories: humanities and natural sciences. The Emperor and Empress visit the awarding ceremony and present a vase to the awardees. Laureates * 2019 — Makoto Fujita (109th) * 2018 — , Chikashi Toyoshima (108th) * 2017 — (107th) * 2016 — Kazutoshi Mori (106th) * 2015 — Hideo Hosono * 2014 — Isamu Akasaki * 2013 — , Yoshinori Tokura * 2012 — , Keiichi Namba * 2011 — , (101st)Japan Academy 101st 20 June 2011 retrieved 2011-08-15 * 2010 — , Shinya Yamanaka (100th)Japan Academy 91st-100th retrieved 2011-08-15 * 2009 — , (99th) * 2008 — (98th) * 2007 — , Shizuo Akira (97th) * 2006 — Shuh Narumiya (96th) * 2005 — Kazuya Kato (95th) * 2004 — , Takeshi Yasumoto (94th) * 2003 — Mitsuhiro Yanagida (93rd) * 2002 — , Sumio Iijima (92nd) * 2001 — Fumio Hayashi, Makoto Asashima (91st) * 2000 — , Shigekazu Nagata (90th)Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nihon Yakushi Gakkai
Nihon Yakushi Gakkai (The Japan Society for the History of Pharmacy / JSHP, ) is a learned society, which aims to promote the study of the history of pharmacy and to contribute to the development of Japanese pharmaceutical science. The JSHP was founded in 1954 by the chemist Dr. Yasuhiko Asahina (, 1880–1975), Professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo , abbreviated as or UTokyo, is a public research university located in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1877, the university was the first Imperial University and is currently a Top Type university of the Top Global University Project by ..., who also became the first president. The JSHP maintains close relationships with related institutions and learned societies such as the '' Yōgakushi Gakkai'' (The Society for the History of Western Learning in Japan) and Nihon Ishi Gakkai (Japanese Society for the History of Medicine). Since 1966, the JSHP has published a biannual journal ''Yakushigaku Zasshi'' (The Japanese J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander William Evans
Alexander William Evans (May 17, 1868 – December 6, 1959) was a botanist, bryologist, and mycologist that specialized in the flora of Connecticut. Early life Born in Buffalo, New York on May 17, 1868, Evan's family moved to New Haven, Connecticut after the death of his father. After graduation from Hillhouse High School, Evans received his Ph.B. from the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University in 1890. An excellent student, Evans was among the top of his class. Two years later, Evans earned his M.D. from the Yale School of Medicine. After a two-year internship at the Yale-New Haven Hospital, he went to the University of Berlin to briefly study botany under Leopold Kny. John R. Reeder, Charlotte G. Reeder. 1960. Alexander William Evans (1868-1959). Rhodora 62 (741): 245-250 (1960) Career After the death of Daniel Cady Eaton, Evans returned to Yale as a botanical instructor. He became assistant professor in 1901 before being promoted to full professorship in 1906. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usnea
''Usnea'' is a genus of mostly pale grayish-green fruticose lichens that grow like leafless mini-shrubs or tassels anchored on bark or twigs.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, The genus is in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows all over the world. Members of the genus are commonly called old man's beard, beard lichen, or beard moss. Like other lichens it is a symbiosis of two or three fungi and an alga. In ''Usnea'', the fungus belongs to the division Ascomycota, while the alga is a member of the division Chlorophyta. Members of the genus are similar to those of the genus '' Alectoria''. A distinguishing test is that the branches of ''Usnea'' are somewhat elastic, but the branches of ''Alectoria'' snap cleanly off. Systematics The genus ''Usnea'' was circumscribed by Michel Adanson in 1763. He used the name designated by Johann Jacob Dillenius, whose earlier published description did not met the rules of valid publication as estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramalina
''Ramalina'' is a genus of greenish fruticose lichens that grow in the form of flattened, strap-like branches. Members of the genus are commonly called strap lichensField Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, or cartilage lichens. Apothecia are lecanorine. Lichen spot tests on the cortex are K−, C−, KC+ dark yellow, and P−. It is in the Ramalinaceae and in the suborder Lecanorineae. Distribution The genus has a widespread distribution. A 2008 estimate placed more than 240 species in ''Ramalina''. Species *'' R. ailaoshanensis'' – China *'' R. alisiosae'' – Canary Islands *'' R. americana'' – North America *'' R. andina'' – Venezuela *'' R. arabum'' *'' R. arsenii'' – Europe *'' R. azorica'' – Azores *'' R. australiensis'' *'' R. banzarensis'' *'' R. breviuscula'' *'' R. caespitella'' – Australia *'' R. calcarata'' – East Africa *'' R. calicaris'' *'' R. canalicularis'' *'' R. canariensis'' *'' R. c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmelia (fungus)
''Parmelia'' is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, It has a global distribution, extending from the ArcticSkult H (1985) A New Subspecies of ''Parmelia omphalodes'' Ascomycetes Described from the Arctic. Annales Botanici Fennici 22, 201-6. to the Antarctic continentD.C. Lindsay (1973) Notes on Antarctic lichens: IV. The genera ''Cetraria'' Hoffm., ''Hypogymnia'' (Nyl.) Nyl., ''Menegazzia'' Massal, ''Parmelia'' Ach. and ''Platismatia'' Culb. et Culb. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin 36, 105-114. but concentrated in temperate regions. There are about 40 species in ''Parmelia''. In recent decades, the once large genus ''Parmelia'' has been divided into a number of smaller genera according to thallus morphology and phylogenetic relatedness. It is a foliaceous lichen, resembling a leaf in shape. The ends of the leaf-like lobes are often squarish-tipped. The upper surface is pale bluish-gray t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lobaria
''Lobaria'' is a genus of foliose lichens, formerly classified in the family Lobariaceae, but now placed in the Peltigeraceae. They are commonly known as "lung wort" or "lungmoss" as their physical shape somewhat resembles a lung, and their ecological niche is similar to that of moss. ''Lobaria'' are unusual in that they have a three-part symbiosis, containing a fungus, and an alga (as other lichens do), but also a cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen. Taxonomy ''Lobaria'' was originally described as a section of the eponymous genus ''Lichen'' by German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1786. It was proposed as a genus by Georg Franz Hoffmann in 1796. The establishment of ''Lobaria'' remained uncertain until Edvard Vainio also described it. He divided the genus into two sections based on different morphologies of the mature spore: ''Lobaria'' and ''Ricasolia''. In 2013, the concept of family Lobariaceae was revised with the help of molecular phylogenetics, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetraria
''Cetraria'' is a genus of fruticose lichens that associate with green algae as photobionts. Most species are found at high latitudes, occurring on sand or heath. Species have a characteristic "strap-like" form, with spiny lobe edges. '' Cetraria islandica'', Iceland moss, is one of the few culinary lichens, ground and eaten by Northern Europeans in times of famine. Another species is used today as a "bulking" agent in garam masala of traditional Indian cuisine. Species *'' Cetraria aculeata'' *'' Cetraria arenaria'' *'' Cetraria australiensis'' *'' Cetraria corrugata'' *'' Cetraria endochrysea'' *'' Cetraria ericetorum'' *'' Cetraria flavonigrescens'' *'' Cetraria isidiigera'' *'' Cetraria islandica'' *'' Cetraria kamczatica'' *'' Cetraria laevigata'' *'' Cetraria minuscula'' *'' Cetraria muricata'' *'' Cetraria nigricans'' *'' Cetraria odontella'' *'' Cetraria racemosa'' *'' Cetraria sepincola'' *'' Cetraria sinensis'' *'' Cetraria wangii'' *'' Cetrari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anzia
''Anzia'' is a genus of foliose lichens known as black-foam lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It was formerly included in the monogeneric family Anziaceae, but this has since been subsumed into the Parmeliaceae. Taxonomy The genus name of ''Anzia'' is in honour of Martino Anzi (1812-1883), an Italian botanist and professor of Theology from Como. The genus was circumscribed by Ernst Stizenberger in 1862, with '' Anzia colpodes'' assigned as the type species. This lichen was originally described as ''Lichen colpodes'' by Erik Acharius in 1799. In 1932, Yasuhiko Asahina divided the genus into three sections (''Simplices'', ''Duplices'', and Nervosae) based on the structure of the medulla. When Isao Yoshimura later observed that '' Anzia japonica'' had two medulla types in a single species (i.e. both a single-layered and a double-layered medulla), he combined sections ''Simplices'' and ''Duplices'' into section ''Anziae''. Description Members of ''Anzia'' have a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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