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Xylomelum
''Xylomelum'' is a genus of six species of flowering plants, often commonly known as woody pears, in the family Proteaceae and are endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus are tall shrubs or small trees with leaves arranged in opposite pairs, relatively small flowers arranged in spike-like groups, and the fruit a woody, more or less pear-shaped follicle. Description Plants in the genus ''Xylomelum'' are shrubs or trees that typically grow to a height of and have simple, leathery leaves arranged in opposite pairs. Juvenile leaves have coarse, sometimes prickly teeth on the edges. The flowers are arranged in dense, spike-like racemes or panicles, the flowers in pairs with a bract at the base. Each flower has four similar tepals that roll back as the flower develops revealing four stamens. The fruit is a woody, more or less pear-shaped follicle attached at the larger end, that eventually splits into two halves and releases two winged seeds. Taxonomy The genus ''Xylomelum'' was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylomelum Cunninghamianum
''Xylomelum cunninghamianum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with narrow elliptic to lance-shaped leaves with toothed edges when young, groups of flowers covered with brownish hairs and oval fruit densely covered with velvety rust-coloured to grey hair. Description ''Xylomelum cunninghamianum'' is a shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of with its new growth covered with short, brownish hair. The leaves are narrow elliptic to lance-shaped with a pointed tip, long and wide. Its juvenile leaves are long and wide with up to five large teeth on each side. The flowers are arranged on spikes long, each flower long and covered with short brown hairs. Flowering occurs from February to May and the fruit is an oval follicle long and wide covered with velvety rust-coloured to grey hair. The seeds are pale brown, long and wide. This species differs from '' X. pyriforme'' b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylomelum Pyriforme
''Xylomelum pyriforme'', commonly known as the woody pear, is a species of plant in the family Proteaceae native to eastern Australia. It grows as a large shrub or small tree to five metres high. Taxonomy ''Xylomelum pyriforme'' was first documented at Botany Bay in 1770 by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander, who gave it the (unpublished) binomial name ''Leucadendroides pyrifera'' in ''Banks' Florilegium''. It was first formally described as ''Banksia pyriformis'' by German botanist Joseph Gaertner in 1788 in ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum''. It was given its current name in 1809 by the gardener Joseph Knight in his ''On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae''. The species name "pear-shaped" is derived from the Latin words ''pyrus'' "pear" and ''forma'' "shape". Description ''Xylomelum pyriforme'' grows as a large shrub or small tree, usually reaching high, although trees to have been recorded in the Howes Valley northwest of Sydney. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylomelum Benthamii
''Xylomelum benthamii'' is a plant in the woody pear genus of the family Proteaceae. It was formerly considered a variety of ''Xylomelum pyriforme''. It is native to south-eastern Queensland, Australia, and was described from material collected on 25 June 1829 on the Brisbane River some 140 km north-west of what is now Brisbane, the state capital. It was mistakenly linked with the name ''Xylomelum salicinum'' (Meisn.) Benth., and was given the replacement name ''X. benthamii'' in 2007 by A.E. Orchard, with the specific epithet honouring botanist George Bentham George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studi .... References benthamii Proteales of Australia Trees of Australia Flora of Queensland {{Australia-eudicot-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylomelum Scottianum
''Xylomelum scottianum'' is a shrub or small tree in the woody pear genus of the family Proteaceae that is commonly known as the northern woody pear. It grows to 10 m in height. endemic to Australia, it is widespread in dry areas of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, and on Thursday Island in Torres Strait. It is common on sandy soils in open forests, at altitudes of up to 440 m above sea level. It flowers from October to May. The brown seeds are 68–75 mm long. It was used medicinally by the Aboriginal people, as an infusion of the bark and leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ..., drunk to relieve internal pain. References scottianum Proteales of Australia Trees of Australia Flora of Queensland Plants described in 1866 Taxa named b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylomelum Occidentale
''Xylomelum occidentale'', commonly known as the western woody pear, is a tree species in the family Proteaceae. It is endemic to Western Australia. Taxonomy The names for the plant used by Noongar peoples are danja, dumbung or koongal. It was first described by Robert Brown in 1830. The species name is derived from the Latin adjective ''occidentalis'', meaning 'western'. Description The tree or shrub typically grows to a height of and has epicormic buds. It blooms between December and February producing cream white flowers. The surface of the flower is finely covered in silky hairs, the colour is a sulphurous yellow, they appear on spikes at the end of its branches. The fruit closely resembles a 'pear', those of genus ''Pyrus'', are over three inches long, one and three quarter inches wide, and deeply split along one edge after ripening. The margins of the leaves are spiny. The bark is greyish to black, finely cracked, and persists on the tree. Distribution It is found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylomelum Angustifolium
''Xylomelum angustifolium'', the sandplain woody pear, is a tree species in the family Proteaceae, endemic to Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th .... A mature ''Xylomelum angustifolium'' grows from 2 to 7 metres, though trees up to 10m have been observed. Produces cream flowers between December and February though flowering can commence as early as September in its northern range. References angustifolium Proteales of Australia Trees of Australia Trees of Mediterranean climate Eudicots of Western Australia Endemic flora of Western Australia {{WesternAustralia-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donald Bruce Foreman
Don Foreman was an Australian botanist who worked on the Monimiaceae and Proteaceae of Australia. He also helped with the editing of selected Flora of Victoria and Flora of Australia Volumes. Career After Foreman graduated from the University of New England in 1969, he took up a position as Forest Botanist at Lae in Papua New Guinea from 1969 to 1975. On his return to Australia he took on a Master of Science at University of New England and then followed on with his PhD. Foreman worked at the National Herbarium of Victoria from 1984 to 1998 in various roles; Botanist, Senior Botanist, Collections Manager and Editor of Muelleria. Foreman did a stint as the Australian Botanical Liaison Officer at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew from September 1996 to August 1997. Foreman's work finished at the National Herbarium of Victoria at the end of 1997. Foreman was an Honorary Associate at the National Herbarium of Victoria from 2000 to 2004. During Foreman's career he collected exte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proteaceae
The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order Proteales. Well-known genera include ''Protea'', ''Banksia'', ''Embothrium'', ''Grevillea'', ''Hakea'' and ''Macadamia''. Species such as the New South Wales waratah (''Telopea speciosissima''), king protea (''Protea cynaroides''), and various species of ''Banksia'', ''soman'', and ''Leucadendron'' are popular cut flowers. The nuts of ''Macadamia integrifolia'' are widely grown commercially and consumed, as are those of Gevuina avellana on a smaller scale. Australia and South Africa have the greatest concentrations of diversity. Etymology The name Proteaceae was adapted by Robert Brown from the name Proteae coined in 1789 for the family by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, based on the genus ''Protea'', which in 1767 Carl Linnaeus derived from t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type (biology)
In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralizes the defining features of that particular taxon. In older usage (pre-1900 in botany), a type was a taxon rather than a specimen. A taxon is a scientifically named grouping of organisms with other like organisms, a set that includes some organisms and excludes others, based on a detailed published description (for example a species description) and on the provision of type material, which is usually available to scientists for examination in a major museum research collection, or similar institution. Type specimen According to a precise set of rules laid down in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), the scientific name of every taxon is almost al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plants Of The World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by 2020". The initial focus was on tropical African Floras, particularly Flora Zambesiaca, Flora of West Tropical Africa and Flora of Tropical East Africa. The database uses the same taxonomical source as Kew's World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, which is the International Plant Names Index, and the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP). POWO contains 1,234,000 global plant names and 367,600 images. See also *Australian Plant Name Index *Convention on Biological Diversity *World Flora Online *Tropicos Tropicos is an online botanical database containing taxonomic information on plants, mainly from the Neotropical realm (Central, and South America). It is maintained by the Missouri Botanical Garden and was established over 25 y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Knight (horticulturist)
Joseph Knight (7 October 1778 – 20 July 1855), gardener to George Hibbert, was one of the first people in England to successfully propagate Proteaceae. He is remembered as the nominal author of a publication that caused one of the biggest controversies of 19th-century English botany. Career Born in Brindle, Lancashire, he became head gardener to George Hibbert, who was an enthusiastic amateur botanist. Hibbert became caught up in the craze for cultivating Proteaceae, and as a result Knight became adept at their cultivation and propagation. He eventually set himself to write a book on their cultivation, which would be published in 1809 under the title ''On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae''. Despite the title, this book contained only 13 pages related to cultivation techniques, but over 100 pages of taxonomic revision. Although not explicitly attributed, this 100 page revision is known to have been contributed by Richard Salisbury. In it, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Gaertner
Joseph Gaertner (12 March 1732 – 14 July 1791) was a German botanist, best known for his work on seeds, ''De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum'' (1788-1792). Biography He was born in Calw, and studied in Göttingen under Albrecht von Haller. He was primarily a naturalist, but also worked at physics and zoology. He travelled extensively to visit other naturalists. He was professor of anatomy in Tübingen in 1760, and was appointed professor of botany at St Petersburg in 1768, but returned to Calw in 1770. Gaertner made back cross to convert one species into another. Back cross increases nuclear gene frequency His observations were: 1. Dominance of traits 2. Equal contribution of male and female to the progeny 3. No variation in F1 (first generation of descendants) 4. Large variation in F2 (second generation of descendants) including parental and intermediate types 5. Some of F2 plants had entirely new traits but he was unable to give possible explanation for observ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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