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XXIII De Marzo Group
The XXIII de Marzo Group ( es, Agrupación XXIII de Marzo) was one of the Blackshirt units sent to Spain during the Spanish Civil War to make up the "Corpo Truppe Volontarie" (Corps of Volunteer Troops), or CTV. This unit was attached to the 2nd CCNN Division "Fiamme Nere" during the Battle of Guadalajara in March 1937. Following defeat there, it was sent to Vizcaya in April 1937 with the Flechas Negras Mixed Brigade and 11 Groups of CTV Corps Artillery. Battle of Guadalajara March 1937 Independent Group "XXIII March" - Console Enrico Francisci * 4th Grupo de Banderas - Console Francesco Gidoni ** Bandera "Toro" - 1st Seniore Mario Bertoni ** Bandera "Bisonte" - 1st Seniore Fiorentini ** Bandera "Bufalo" - 1st Seniore Piero Bologna ** Battery (65/17) ** Engineer Section * 5th Grupo de Banderas - Console Enrico Francisci ** 540 Bandera "Lupi" - Seniore Nello Brogi ** 530 Bandera "Implacabile" - Seniore Di Puccio ** Bandera "Ardente" - 1st Seniore Spangaro ** Battery (65/17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blackshirts
The Voluntary Militia for National Security ( it, Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts ( it, Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: ) or (singular: ), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the ''Arditi'', Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the ''Duce'' (leader) of Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents.Bosworth, R. J. B, ''Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Fascist Dictatorship, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Madrid , coordinates = , largest_city = Madrid , languages_type = Official language , languages = Spanish language, Spanish , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_groups_year = , ethnic_groups_ref = , religion = , religion_ref = , religion_year = 2020 , demonym = , government_type = Unitary state, Unitary Parliamentary system, parliamentary constitutional monarchy , leader_title1 = Monarchy of Spain, Monarch , leader_name1 = Felipe VI , leader_title2 = Prime Minister of Spain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, link=no) or The Uprising ( es, La Sublevación, link=no) among Republicans. was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, and consisted of various socialist, communist, separatist, anarchist, and republican parties, some of which had opposed the government in the pre-war period. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists led by a military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international political climate at the time, the war had many facets and was variously viewed as cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corpo Truppe Volontarie
The Corps of Volunteer Troops ( it, Corpo Truppe Volontarie, CTV) was a Fascist Italian expeditionary force of military volunteers, which was sent to Spain to support the Nationalist forces under General Francisco Franco against the Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War, 1936–39. Background In July 1936, at the beginning of Spanish Civil War, most of the elite Nationalist forces were isolated in Spanish Morocco or on the Canary Islands. Meanwhile, in Spain, smaller formations of Nationalists and Guardia Civil forces were locked in combat with pro-government militias, Assault Guards and those army units which remained loyal to the leftist Popular Front government. Making the situation more difficult for the Nationalists was the fact that the Spanish Republican Air Force and Navy generally remained loyal to the government. If the Nationalist forces fighting in Spain did not receive reinforcements, the rebellion could soon fail. General Francisco Franco and the ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Guadalajara
The Battle of Guadalajara (March 8–23, 1937) saw the victory of the People's Republican Army (''Ejército Popular Republicano'', or EPR) and of the International Brigades over the Italian and Nationalist forces attempting to encircle Madrid during the Spanish Civil War. The Nationalist forces involved in the Battle of Guadalajara were primarily the Italian Corps of Volunteer Troops (''Corpo Truppe Volontarie'', or CTV). The battle opened with an Italian offensive on 8 March. This offensive was halted by 11 March. Between 12 March and 14 March, renewed Italian attacks were supported by Spanish Nationalist units. These were halted too. On 15 March, a Republican counter-offensive was prepared. The Republicans successfully launched their counter-offensive from 18 March to 23 March. Background After the collapse of the third offensive on Madrid, Spanish Nationalist General Francisco Franco decided to continue with a fourth offensive aimed at closing the pincer around the capital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flechas Negras Mixed Brigade
In 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, Italians from the Corpo Truppe Volontarie began to serve in mixed Italo-Spanish Flechas (Arrows) units where the Italians provided the officers and technical personnel, while the Spanish served in the rank-and-file. One, the Flechas Negras Mixed Brigade "Black Arrows" first served in Vizcaya from April 1937. Order of Battle, April 1937 Flechas Negras Brigade - Col. Sandro Piazzoni * 3rd Regiment ** 1st Battalion ** 2nd Battalion ** 3rd Battalion ** Battery 65/17 * 4th Regiment ** 1st Battalion ** 2nd Battalion ** 3rd Battalion ** Battery 65/17 * Assault Battalion ** 1st Company ** 2nd Company * Artillery Group ** IVº Grupo de 75/27 ** Grupo de 100/17 ** Grupo de 105/28 ** Battery 20mm AA * Engineer Company * Intendencia Section * Sanitation Section Order of Battle, Battle of Santander August 1937 Flechas Negras Brigade - Col. Sandro Piazzoni * 3rd Regiment ** 1st Battalion "Monte Jata" ** 2nd Battalion "Bermeo" ** 3rd B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrico Francisci
Enrico Francisci (1884 – 11 July 1943) was an Italian Blackshirt general during World War II. Biography Born in Montemurlo in 1884, Francisci pursued a military career in the Royal Italian Army; he fought in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War with the rank of second lieutenant in 83rd Infantry Regiment "Venezia", and then participated in the First World War, earning a Silver Medal of Military Valour, three Bronze Medals of Military Valour, three War Crosses for Military Valor and a War Merit Cross. By the end of the war he had reached the rank of major. After promotion to lieutenant colonel he was attached to the Governorate of Libya; he joined Fascism in 1920 and after the march on Rome he passed from the Royal Army to the Voluntary Militia for National Security with the rank of ''console'' (colonel), holding command of the 62nd Blackshirt Legion "Isonzo" in Gorizia and then of the 90th Legion in Pisa. During the Second Italo-Ethiopian War he commanded the 135th Blackshirt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Division XXIII Di Marzo
The Agrupación XXIII de Marzo was upgraded to Division status as the Division XXIII Marzo prior to the Battle of Santander. It was one of the Italian Blackshirts units sent to Spain during the Spanish Civil War to make up the "Corpo Truppe Volontarie" (Corps of Volunteer Troops), or CTV. Was strengthened after the end of the War in the North for the Aragon Offensive The Aragon Offensive was an important military campaign during the Spanish Civil War, which began after the Battle of Teruel. The offensive, which ran from March 7, 1938, to April 19, 1938, smashed the Republican forces, overran Aragon, and conq ... in 1938 with 2nd CCNN Division "Fiamme Nere" and renamed XXIII Marzo Division "Fiamme Nere" (Black Flames in Italian). Order of battle Battle of Santander, August 1937 Division XXIII di Marzo * 4th Infantry Regiment ** Battalion Bufalo ** Battalion Vampa ** Battalion Toro ** 5th Battery 65/17 ** 4th Mortar platoon * 5th Infantry Regiment ** 540th Battalion Lupi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Units And Formations Of Italy In The Spanish Civil War
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
