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Wuhua Dialect
The Wuhua dialect () is a major dialect of Hakka Chinese spoken in Wuhua County, . Overall, the Wuhua dialect is very similar to the prestige dialect of Hakka, the Meixian dialect. Characteristics The Wuhua dialect is characterized by the pronunciation of several voiced Middle Chinese ''qu-sheng'' (fourth tone) syllables of Moiyen dialect in the ''Shang-sheng'' (third tone). The tone-level of the ''yang-ping'' is a rising /13/, /35/ or /24/ instead of the low-level /11/ usually found in Meixian. In Wuhua-concentrated areas of Northern Bao'an and Eastern Dongguan, the same Meixian dialect tone level of the ''yang-ping'' is found. Two sets of fricatives and affricates (z, c, s, zh, ch, sh, s / ts’ / s, s sh and s sh and ʃ ʃh ʃ appear, similar to Mandarin Chinese. The distinctive "y" final is found in the Yuebei (Northern Guangdong) Hakka group and Sichuan group. Retroflexed initials in (''Zhi'' series) “Knowledge”, (''Xiao'' group) “Dawn”, and part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Republic Of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinese (formerly known as Ancient Chinese) or the Qieyun system (QYS) is the historical variety of Chinese recorded in the '' Qieyun'', a rime dictionary first published in 601 and followed by several revised and expanded editions. The Swedish linguist Bernard Karlgren believed that the dictionary recorded a speech standard of the capital Chang'an of the Sui and Tang dynasties. However, based on the more recently recovered preface of the ''Qieyun'', most scholars now believe that it records a compromise between northern and southern reading and poetic traditions from the late Northern and Southern dynasties period. This composite system contains important information for the reconstruction of the preceding system of Old Chinese phonology (early 1st millennium BC). The ''fanqie'' method used to indicate pronunciation in these dictionaries, though an improvement on earlier methods, proved awkward in practice. The mid-12th-century ''Yunjing'' and other rime tables incorp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heyuan
Héyuán (, Hakka:Fò-Ngiàn) is a prefecture-level city of Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,837,686 whom 1,051,993 lived in the built-up (''or metro'') area made of Yuancheng urban District and Dongyuan County largely being urbanized. Zijin County itself is quickly being conurbated in the agglomeration. The majority of the people are Hakka. The city includes many rainforests and the largest lake in Guangdong: Xinfengjiang Reservoir. The literal meaning of the city's name is "origin of the river". It has recently been officially titled as the "Hometown of the Dinosaur in China", due to the thousands of dinosaur egg fossils that have been unearthed in its vicinity. Geography Heyuan is located in the north-east region of Guangdong, upper reach of Dong River at its confluence with the Xinfeng River. Its latitude spans 23° 10'–24° 50' N, and longitude 114° 13'–115° 35' E. It borders Huizhou to the south, Ganz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lufeng, Guangdong
Lufeng, alternately romanized as Lukfung, is a county-level city in the southeast of Guangdong province, administered as a part of the prefecture-level city of Shanwei. It lies on the mainland on coast of the South China Sea east of Hong Kong. History Under the Qing, the area was known as . Together with neighboring Haifeng and the now separated Luhe county now carved out from Lufeng, it formed the short-lived Hailufeng Soviet in 1927. It was later promoted to county-level city status. The area rose to prominence in the early 21st century as a scene of unrest. Jieshi saw serious inter-village violence over road use in October 2009 and March 2010 and, in September 2011, a series of protests or riots occurred in Wukan Village over allegations of Communist Party members unfairly selling farmers' land for development. Fresh protests broke out in December, when one of the village leaders died in the police custody. The police blocked the roads leading to the village. Adminis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fengshun County
Fengshun ( postal: Fungshun or Pungshan; ) is a county in Meizhou City, in the east of Guangdong Province, southern China. Ethno-linguistic make-up Fengshun is noted for its large Hakka population. Administrative divisions Fengshun County's executive, legislature and judiciary are based in Tangkeng (), along with its CPC and PSB branches. The county is responsible for the administration of 16 towns and one Township Enterprise. ;Towns *Baxiangshan () *Beidou () * Dalonghua () *Fengliang () * Huangjin () * Jianqiao () * Liuhuang () * Longgang () *Pantian () *Puzhai () * Shatian () * Tanjiang () *Tangkeng () * Tangnan () * Tangxi () * Xiaosheng () ;Township enterprise * Puzhai Farm () Transport The area is served by Fengshun railway station on the Guangzhou–Meizhou–Shantou railway and Fengshun East railway station on the Meizhou–Chaoshan high-speed railway Meizhou–Chaoshan high-speed railway, a passenger-dedicated line (PDL), opened for revenue serv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han River (Guangdong)
The Han River () is a river in southeast China. It is located mainly in eastern Guangdong province and has a total length of . The river is combined with two main tributary rivers, Mei River and Ting River, at Sanheba (三河坝), Dabu County. Han River flows south through the Han River Delta entering the South China Sea at Chenghai District and Longhu District of Shantou. The Teochew people refer to the river as "the Mother River". The river is named after Han Yu, a writer, poet and government official of the Tang dynasty, in honor of his contribution to Chaoshan. It was originally named as E Xi () before Han Yu's exile to Chaozhou. The river became pacific under Han's river regulation River engineering is a discipline of civil engineering which studies human intervention in the course, characteristics, or flow of a river with the intention of producing some defined benefit. People have intervened in the natural course and be ... and named after him after his departure. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patois
''Patois'' (, pl. same or ) is speech or language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics. As such, ''patois'' can refer to pidgins, creoles, dialects or vernaculars, but not commonly to jargon or slang, which are vocabulary-based forms of cant. In colloquial usage of the term, especially in France, class distinctions are implied by the very meaning of the term, since in French, ''patois'' refers to any sociolect associated with uneducated rural classes, in contrast with the dominant prestige language (Standard French) spoken by the middle and high classes of cities or as used in literature and formal settings (the "acrolect"). Etymology The term ''patois'' comes from Old French , 'local or regional dialect' (originally meaning 'rough, clumsy or uncultivated speech'), possibly from the verb , 'to treat roughly', from , 'paw', from Old Low Franconian , 'paw, sole of the foot', plus the suffix . Examples In France and other Francop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hashimoto Mantaro
was a Japanese sinologist and linguist who is best known for advocating research on language geography, linguistic typology, and how different areal features in the varieties of Chinese (such as tonal distinctions) reflect contact with other language families. Life and career Mantarō J. Hashimoto was born in Sawano-mura (沢野村), Nitta District, Gunma (currently Ōta City). In 1955, he received a BA in Chinese Literature from the University of Tokyo, and began graduate studies, but dropped out of the doctoral course in 1960. He obtained a PhD in Linguistics from Ohio State University in 1965, and his dissertation was on thPhonology of ancient Chinese From 1966 to 1969, he was a visiting professor at the University of Hawaii, Osaka City University, and Princeton University. Hashimoto became an Assistant Professor at the Institute for Asian and African Languages and Cultures, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies in 1970 and Professor in 1973, where he remained for the rest of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sichuan
Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north and the Yungui Plateau to the south. Sichuan's capital city is Chengdu. The population of Sichuan stands at 83 million. Sichuan neighbors Qinghai to the northwest, Gansu to the north, Shaanxi to the northeast, Chongqing to the east, Guizhou to the southeast, Yunnan to the south, and the Tibet Autonomous Region to the west. In antiquity, Sichuan was the home of the ancient states of Ba and Shu. Their conquest by Qin strengthened it and paved the way for Qin Shi Huang's unification of China under the Qin dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms era, Liu Bei's state of Shu was based in Sichuan. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuebei
Northern Guangdong, commonly referred to as Yuebei (), is a region of northern Guangdong province. It is a region encompassing mountainous and hilly terrain, and includes the region of Guangdong north of the Tropic of Cancer. Yuebei is a multiethnic region, with a large population speaking Yuebei native languages (／Yuebei Tuhua), Cantonese, Hakka, among others. While it has a history of engaging with variously government-led poverty alleviation projects since the 1980s, the region is increasingly becoming a location for the development of industrial parks, tourism, and organic food production. See also *Yuebei Tuhua Other regions of Guangdong *Pearl River Delta * Yuedong, region of eastern Guangdong including Jieyang, Chaozhou, Shanwei and Shantou * Yuexi, region of western Guangdong including Maoming, Zhanjiang and Yangjiang Yangjiang (, ), alternately romanized as Yeungkong, is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Guangdong Province in the People's Republic of China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin (; ) is a group of Chinese (Sinitic) dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing dialect, the basis of the phonology of Standard Chinese, the official language of China. Because Mandarin originated in North China and most Mandarin dialects are found in the north, the group is sometimes referred to as Northern Chinese (). Many varieties of Mandarin, such as those of the Southwest (including Sichuanese) and the Lower Yangtze, are not mutually intelligible with the standard language (or are only partially intelligible). Nevertheless, Mandarin as a group is often placed first in lists of languages by number of native speakers (with nearly one billion). Mandarin is by far the largest of the seven or ten Chinese dialect groups; it is spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area that stretches from Yunnan in the southwest to Xinjiang in the northwest and Heilongjiang in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affricates
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. English has two affricate phonemes, and , often spelled ''ch'' and ''j'', respectively. Examples The English sounds spelled "ch" and "j" ( broadly transcribed as and in the IPA), German and Italian ''z'' and Italian ''z'' are typical affricates, and sounds like these are fairly common in the world's languages, as are other affricates with similar sounds, such as those in Polish and Chinese. However, voiced affricates other than are relatively uncommon. For several places of articulation they are not attested at all. Much less common are labiodental affricates, such as in German and Izi, or velar affricates, such as in Tswana (written ''kg'') or in High Alemannic Swiss German dialects. Worldwide, relatively few languages have aff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
