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Women's Rights Movement In Iran
The Iranian Women's Rights Movement (Persian: جنبش زنان ایران), is the social movement for women's rights of the women in Iran. The movement first emerged after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution in 1910, the year in which the first women's periodical was published by women. The movement lasted until 1933 when the last women's association was dissolved by the government of Reza Shah Pahlavi. It rose again after the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Sanasarian 1982, pp. 124–129 Between 1962 and 1978, the Iranian Women's Movement gained victories such as the right for women to vote in 1963, a part of Mohammad Reza Shah's White Revolution. Women were also allowed to take part in public office, and in 1975 the Family Protection Law provided new rights for women, including expanded divorce and custody rights and reduced polygamy. Since the Islamic Revolution of 1979, women's rights have been restricted, and several laws were established such as the introduction of manda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi
Bibi Khānoom Astarābādi ( fa, بی بی خانم استرآبادی) (1858/9 – 1921) was a notable Iranian writer, satirist, and one of the pioneering figures in the women's movement of Iran. Biography Bibi Khatoon Astarabadi was born to the family of ''Mohammad Baqer Khan Astarabadi'', one of the notable men of Astarabad (the present-day Gorgan), and ''Khadijeh Khanom'' (خديجه خانم), known as ''Mollah Bāji'' (ملاباجی), one of the companions of ''Shokuh ol-Saltaneh'' (شکوه السلطنه), wife to Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar. The title ''Mollah Bāji'' (see '' Mollah'') is indicative that she must have been educated and in charge of more than the daily household chores of Shah's Court. Indeed, she has been in charge of the education of the children in the court of Nasser al-Din Shah. At the age of 22, Bibi Khatoon married ''Musa Khan Vaziri'' who was a prominent official in the ''Persian Cossack Brigade''. They had seven children, of whom the most dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehran
Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and has the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East, after Cairo. It is ranked 24th in the world by metropolitan area population. In the Classical era, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages, a prominent Median city destroyed in the medieval Arab, Turkic, and Mongol invasions. Modern Ray is an urban area absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran. Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty in 1786, because of its proximity to Iran's territories in the Caucasus, then separated from Iran in the Russo-Iranian Wars, to avoid the vying factions of the previously ruling Iranian dynasties. The capital has been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rasht
Rasht ( fa, رشت, Rašt ; glk, Rəšt, script=Latn; also romanized as Resht and Rast, and often spelt ''Recht'' in French and older German manuscripts) is the capital city of Gilan Province, Iran. Also known as the "City of Rain" (, ''Ŝahre Bārān''), it had a population of 679,995 as of the 2016 census and is the most populated city of northern Iran. Rasht is the largest city on Iran's Caspian Sea coast. Due to being between the coast and the mountains, the local environment is rainy with humid subtropical and mediterranean influences. It also has temperate rainforest to its south, contrasting to the mostly arid Iran. It is a major trade center between Caucasia, Russia, and Iran using the port of Bandar-e Anzali. Rasht is also a major tourist center with the resort of Masouleh in the adjacent mountains and the beaches of Caspian as some of the major attractions. Historically, Rasht was a major transport and business center which connected Iran to Russia and the rest of Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nameh-e Banuvan
''Nameh-e Banuvan'' (Persian: ''Women's Letters'') was a women's magazine published between 1920 and 1921. It was one of the publications that were started following Reza Shah's establishment his rule in Iran. Its founder was Shahnaz Azad who was also the publisher. The magazine was based in Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul .... The magazine was published biweekly and stated its aim as to encourage the emancipation of the Iranian women. It also attempted to remind male audience that women were their primary teachers. References 1920 establishments in Iran 1921 disestablishments in Iran Biweekly magazines Defunct magazines published in Iran Feminism in Iran Feminist magazines Magazines established in 1920 Magazines disestablished in 1921 Magazines p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hijab
In modern usage, hijab ( ar, حجاب, translit=ḥijāb, ) generally refers to headcoverings worn by Muslim women. Many Muslims believe it is obligatory for every female Muslim who has reached the age of puberty to wear a head covering. While such headcoverings can come in many forms, hijab often specifically refers to a cloth wrapped around the head, neck and chest, covering the hair and neck but leaving the face visible. The term was originally used to denote a partition, a curtain, or was sometimes used for the Islamic rules of modesty. This is the usage in the verses of the Qur'an, in which the term ''hijab'' sometimes refers to a curtain separating visitors to Muhammad's main house from his wives' residential lodgings. This has led some to claim that the mandate of the Qur'an applied only to the wives of Muhammad, and not to the entirety of women. Another interpretation can also refer to the seclusion of women from men in the public sphere, whereas a metaphysical dimens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veiling
A veil is an article of clothing or hanging cloth that is intended to cover some part of the head or face, or an object of some significance. Veiling has a long history in European, Asian, and African societies. The practice has been prominent in different forms in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The practice of veiling is especially associated with women and sacred objects, though in some cultures, it is men, rather than women, who are expected to wear a veil. Besides its enduring religious significance, veiling continues to play a role in some modern secular contexts, such as wedding customs. Etymology The English word ''veil'' ultimately originates from Latin '' vēlum'', which also means "sail," from Proto-Indo-European ''*wegʰslom'', from the verbal root ''*wegʰ-'' "to drive, to move or ride in a vehicle" (compare ''way'' and ''wain'') and the tool/instrument suffix ''*-slo-'', because the sail makes the ship move. Compare the diminutive form ''vexillum'', and the Slavi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sediqeh Dowlatabadi
Sediqeh Dowlatabadi ( fa, صدیقه دولتآبادی ; 1882 in Isfahan – July 30, 1961 in Tehran) was an Iranian feminist activist and journalist and one of the pioneering figures in the Persian women's movement. On one of the occasions when Dowlatabadi was arrested for her activities, she replied: Sir, I was born a hundred years late, if I had been born earlier, I would not have allowed women to be so humiliated and trapped in your chains. Early life Dowlatabadi was born in 1882 in Isfahan. Her father was Hadi Dolatabadi and his mother was Khatameh Begum. Her father was a progressive religious jurist and allowed Dolatabadi to begin her education in Persian and Arabic in Tehran. She then continued her secondary education at Dar-ol-Fonoun Academy. Aged 15, she married Etezad al-Hakma, but they divorced because Dowlatabadi was infertile. Career Dowlatabadi believed that the only route for the advancement of women was through their education. In 1917, she founded one of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isfahan
Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Region, Isfahan Province, Iran. It is located south of Tehran and is the capital of Isfahan Province. The city has a population of approximately 2,220,000, making it the third-largest city in Iran, after Tehran and Mashhad, and the second-largest metropolitan area. Isfahan is located at the intersection of the two principal routes that traverse Iran, north–south and east–west. Isfahan flourished between the 9th and 18th centuries. Under the Safavids, Safavid dynasty, Isfahan became the capital of Achaemenid Empire, Persia, for the second time in its history, under Shah Abbas the Great. The city retains much of its history. It is famous for its Perso–Islamic architecture, grand boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, tiled mosques, and mina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaban-e Zanan
''Zaban-e Zanan'' ( fa, زبان زنان, italic=yes, English meaning: ''Women's Voice'') was a radical women's periodical, published in Iran from 18 July 1919 until 1 January 1921, and edited by activist Sediqeh Dowlatabadi. History and profile In 1919 teacher and activist Sediqeh Dowlatabadi founded the magazine ''Zaban-e Zanan''. It was the third women's magazine to be published in Iran, and the first to be published outside Tehran - it was published in Isfahan. It was preceded by: '' Danesh (Knowledge)'' published from 1910; ''Shokufeh (Blossom)'' published from 1913. The first issue was published on 18 July 1919 and started as a bi-weekly periodical. Each issue was four pages long. However, due to demand it moved to weekly publication. It only published submissions from women and girls. The magazine was forced to close on 1 January 1921, due to its anti-British stance. Reception From the outset, Dowlatabadi set out to create articles which would challenge "backwardness and f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shokufeh
After the publication of the first Persian women’s magazine '' Danesh'' in Tehran in 1910–1911, ''Shokufeh'' ( fa, شكوفه, italic=yes; DMG: ''Šokufeh''; English meaning: "Blossom"), the next Persian magazine only for women, was established in 1913. The magazine was headquartered in Tehran and published on a biweekly basis. The editor was Maryam Amid Mozayen ol-Saltaneh, the daughter of Aqa Mirza Sayyed Razi Ra’is al-Atebba, a high-ranking medical advisor at the Qajar court.Camron Michael Amin. (2002). ''The Making of the Modern Iranian Woman: Gender, State Policy, and Popular Culture, 1865–1946'', Gainesville, pp. 40-41. Almost at the same time, Mozayen ol-Saltaneh founded the Iranian Women’s Society Anjoman Khavatin Irani, which objectives she published in the ''Shokufeh'' magazine.Parvin Paidar. (1995). ''Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran'', Cambridge, p. 92. She supported particularly the promotion of Iranian products and industry as w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danesh (magazine)
''Danesh'' ( fa, دانش, italic=yes; DMG: Daneš; English: “knowledge“) was a Persian women's journal which was edited in Tehran. It was published weekly from 1910 until 1911 in 30 issues. History and profile Danesh was started in 1910 and continued to be published until 1911. The editor was the wife of Hossein Khan (Kahal) and the daughter of Yaqub Jadid al Eslam Hamadani. Her own name is not known. ''Danesh'' was Iran's first journal especially for women. Political topics were not part of the content, but rather domestic issues in which the women were interested in at that time. In addition articles on topics like education and parenting were published as well as chapters of serialised novels. The frequency of ''Danesh'' which was based in Tehran became irregular over time. Two years after the disestablishment of ''Danesh'' another women's magazine, called '' Shokufeh'', was published in Tehran. See also * ''Zaban-e Zanan'' References Further reading * Edward G. Bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
