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WGAL-TV
WGAL (channel 8) is a television station licensed to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States, serving the Susquehanna Valley region as an affiliate of NBC. Owned by Hearst Television, the station maintains studios on Columbia Avenue ( PA 462) in Lancaster Township, and its transmitter is located near US 30 north of Hallam. History The station first signed on the air on March 18, 1949, originally broadcasting on VHF channel 4. It was the fourth television station in Pennsylvania and the first to sign-on outside of Philadelphia, beating WDTV (now KDKA-TV) in Pittsburgh which began operations in November of that year. It was founded by the Steinman family, owners of WGAL radio (1490 AM, now WRKY, and 101.3 FM, now WROZ) and Lancaster's two major newspapers, the ''Intelligencer Journal'' and the ''Lancaster New Era''. At the time, Lancaster was the smallest city in the country with a television station. The station's first formal program was shown on March 22 to a group of RCA exec ...
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WROZ
WROZ (101.3 MHz) is a non-commercial FM radio station licensed to Lancaster and serving South Central Pennsylvania. The station is owned and operated by the Educational Media Foundation and carries its Air1 Christian worship music radio format. WROZ's studios and offices were formerly located off Route 283 at 1996 Auction Road in Manheim. WROZ's transmitter tower is co-located with former sister station WGAL-TV. It is off Tower Road in Hellam Township, York County at (). History Early years On February 5, 1944, the Federal Communications Commission granted WGAL, Inc. a construction permit to build an FM station. WGAL 1490 AM was owned by John Steinman and James Steinman The new FM station would be on 45.5 MHz. The original FM band was found between 42-50 MHz. The FCC created the current FM band on June 27, 1945. So the new FM station was reassigned to 92.7 MHz on July 29, 1946. On January 22, 1947, the station was granted the WGAL-FM call sign, and o ...
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Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Lancaster, ( ; pdc, Lengeschder) is a city in and the county seat of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. It is one of the oldest inland cities in the United States. With a population at the 2020 census of 58,039, it ranks 11th in population among Pennsylvania's municipalities. The Lancaster metropolitan area population is 507,766, making it the 104th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S. and second-largest in the South Central Pennsylvania area. The city's primary industries include healthcare, tourism, public administration, manufacturing, and both professional and semi-professional services. Lancaster is a hub of Pennsylvania's Dutch Country. Lancaster is located southwest of Allentown and west of Philadelphia. History Originally called Hickory Town, the city was renamed after the English city of Lancaster by native John Wright. Its symbol, the red rose, is from the House of Lancaster. Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn, and was laid ...
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Very High Frequency
Very high frequency (VHF) is the ITU designation for the range of radio frequency electromagnetic waves ( radio waves) from 30 to 300 megahertz (MHz), with corresponding wavelengths of ten meters to one meter. Frequencies immediately below VHF are denoted high frequency (HF), and the next higher frequencies are known as ultra high frequency (UHF). VHF radio waves propagate mainly by line-of-sight, so they are blocked by hills and mountains, although due to refraction they can travel somewhat beyond the visual horizon out to about 160 km (100 miles). Common uses for radio waves in the VHF band are Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) and FM radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, two-way land mobile radio systems (emergency, business, private use and military), long range data communication up to several tens of kilometers with radio modems, amateur radio, and marine communications. Air traffic control communications and air navigation systems (e.g. VOR and ILS) wo ...
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Kilowatt
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3. It is used to quantify the rate of energy transfer. The watt is named after James Watt (1736–1819), an 18th-century Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved the Newcomen engine with his own steam engine in 1776. Watt's invention was fundamental for the Industrial Revolution. Overview When an object's velocity is held constant at one metre per second against a constant opposing force of one newton, the rate at which work is done is one watt. : \mathrm In terms of electromagnetism, one watt is the rate at which electrical work is performed when a current of one ampere (A) flows across an electrical potential difference of one volt (V), meaning the watt is equivalent to the volt-ampere (the latter unit, however, is used for a different quantity from the real power of an electrical circuit). : ...
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Ultra High Frequency
Ultra high frequency (UHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequency, radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the decimetre band as the wavelengths range from one meter to one tenth of a meter (one decimeter). Radio waves with frequencies above the UHF band fall into the super-high frequency (SHF) or microwave frequency range. Lower frequency signals fall into the VHF (very high frequency) or lower bands. UHF radio waves propagate mainly by Line-of-sight propagation, line of sight; they are blocked by hills and large buildings although the transmission through building walls is strong enough for indoor reception. They are used for UHF television broadcasting, television broadcasting, cell phones, satellite communication including GPS, personal radio services including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, walkie-talkies, cordless phones, satellite phones, and numerous other applications. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics ...
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Lancaster New Era
LNP Media Group owns and publishes '' LNP'', a daily newspaper based in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and ''LancasterOnline'', its online affiliate with monthly readership of over one million. ''LNP'' traces its roots to ''The Lancaster Journal'', first published in 1794. LNP Media Group publishes three other local newspapers in Lancaster County: ''The Lititz Record Express'', ''The Ephrata Review'' and '' The Elizabethtown Advocate''. Additionally, LNP Media Group owns and publishes three specialty publications: ''Lancaster Farming'', ''La Voz Lancaster'' (formerly ''La Voz Hispana''), and ''Fly After 5'' (formerly ''Fly Magazine''). Specialty publications ''Lancaster Farming'' is a farm newspaper for the mid-Atlantic region with paid circulation of over sixty thousand. ''La Voz Lancaster'' is a bi-monthly publication covering the Hispanic community in Lancaster County. ''Fly After 5'' is a bi-monthly newspaper covering Lancaster County nightlife and entertainment. Steinman ...
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Intelligencer Journal
The ''Intelligencer Journal'', known locally as the ''Intell'', was the daily, morning newspaper published by Lancaster Newspapers, Inc in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It is the 7th oldest newspaper in the United States and was one of the oldest newspapers to be continually published under the same name. The ''Intelligencer Journals editorial page generally leaned to the Democratic/liberal perspective. The ''Intelligencer'' merged with its sister newspaper, the ''Lancaster New Era'', in 2009. The combined ''Intelligencer Journal-Lancaster New Era'' was rebranded and renamed '' LNP'' in October 2014. The new incarnation of ''LNP'' debuted on October 16, 2014, with a new format and layout. History The ''Lancaster Journal'', was founded on June 17, 1794 by William Hamilton and Henry Wilcocks as a 4-page, weekly newspaper. In 1800, Hamilton politically aligned the ''Journal'' with the Federalists after buying out Wilcocks and receiving backing from Robert Coleman. In 1799, William Dicks ...
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Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Western Pennsylvania, the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, second-most populous city in Pennsylvania behind Philadelphia, and the List of United States cities by population, 68th-largest city in the U.S. with a population of 302,971 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The city anchors the Pittsburgh metropolitan area of Western Pennsylvania; its population of 2.37 million is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the Pennsylvania metropolitan areas, second-largest in Pennsylvania, and the List of metropolitan statistical areas, 27th-largest in the U.S. It is the principal city of the greater Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area that extends into Ohio and West Virginia. Pitts ...
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KDKA-TV
KDKA-TV (channel 2) is a television station in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, airing programming from the CBS network. It is owned and operated by the network's CBS News and Stations division alongside Jeannette-licensed CW affiliate WPCW (channel 19). Both stations share studios at the Gateway Center in downtown Pittsburgh, while KDKA-TV's transmitter is located in the city's Perry North neighborhood. KDKA-TV, along with sister station KYW-TV in Philadelphia, are the only CBS-affiliated stations east of the Mississippi River with "K" call signs. KDKA-TV is available on cable in parts of the Johnstown– Altoona, Wheeling–Steubenville and Youngstown areas, as well as several other out-of-market cable systems in northwestern Pennsylvania, western Maryland, northeastern and east-central Ohio, and north-central West Virginia. The furthest south KDKA-TV is carried on cable is in Beverly, West Virginia. History DuMont origins (1949–1954) The station signed ...
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Since 1854, the city has been coextensive with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest and one of world's largest metropolitan regions, with 6.245 million residents . The city's population at the 2020 census was 1,603,797, and over 56 million people live within of Philadelphia. Philadelphia was founded in 1682 by William Penn, an English Quaker. The city served as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony during the British colonial era and went on to play a historic and vital role as the central meeting place for the nation's founding fathers whose plans and actions in Philadelphia ultimately inspired the American Revolution and the nation's inde ...
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Hallam, Pennsylvania
Hallam is a borough in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,774 at the 2020 census. History Before 1736, all parts of Pennsylvania west of the Susquehanna River, including present-day Hallam Borough and the surrounding Hellam Township, were land of the Iroquois. In October 1736, the Proprietors of Pennsylvania received from the Five Nations deeds for the Susquehanna lands south of the Blue Mountains, including the borough and township. From 1736 to 1739, the area was under the authority of Hempfield Township in Lancaster County east of the Susquehanna. In 1739, the Provincial Assembly passed a special act to empower Lancaster County to establish townships west of the river. Hellam Township was created and included most of what is now York, Adams and Cumberland counties. Hellam Township was named after Hallamshire, the township in England where Samuel Blunston, the magistrate of Lancaster County, was born. When Hallam Borough was incorporated in ...
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Lancaster Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Lancaster Township is a civil township of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is in the central area of the county, and it immediately surrounds Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Lancaster City. As of the United States Census, 2020, 2020 census, the township population was 18,591. Lancaster Township is one of the six immediate suburbs of the city of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Lancaster, all sharing the same official designation as Lancaster, Pennsylvania, by the United States Postal Service. History Lancaster Township was established in 1729 as one of seventeen original townships in Lancaster County. It was the smallest of the townships, with its boundaries being defined by the Conestoga River, Manor Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Manor Township, the Little Conestoga Creek, East Hempfield Township, Pennsylvania, (East) Hempfield Township, and Manheim Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Manheim Township. A two-mile square w ...
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