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WinBack
''WinBack'' (known as ''WinBack: Covert Operations'' in North America and ''Operation: WinBack'' in Australia and Europe) is a third-person shooter video game developed by Omega Force (a division of Koei) and published for the Nintendo 64 in 1999, and the PlayStation 2 in 2000. The story follows secret agent Jean-Luc Cougar infiltrating a laser satellite's command center. Gameplay revolves around its innovative cover system, in which the player takes cover behind corners and then ducks out to shoot. ''WinBacks cover system eventually went on to influence several later shooters, including '' Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty'' (2001) and ''Kill Switch'' (2003), which in turn influenced games like '' Gears of War'' (2006). The cover system has since become a staple of third-person shooters. ''WinBack'' also featured a laser-sight mechanic that was later incorporated in action games such as ''Metal Gear Solid 2'' and ''Resident Evil 4'' (2005), and in turn would also become a s ...
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Omega Force
(stylised as ''ω-Force'') is a Japanese video game developer and a division of Koei Tecmo, founded in 1996 by Akihiro Suzuki and Kenichi Ogasawara, and is best known for the ''Dynasty Warriors'' video games. History Omega Force was founded in 1996 as the fourth Business Division of Koei, with the intention of widening the appeal of Koei's portfolio outside of their strategy and simulation games, such as '' Romance of Three Kingdoms'' and ''Nobunaga's Ambition''. The studio was originally going to be named after the letter ''Z'', however this idea never came to fruition, as the letter ''Z'' can have different meanings outside of Japanese culture. Wanting to keep the last letter of the alphabet, they settled for ''Omega'' from the Greek alphabet. However, because of copyright concerns with the clock manufacturing company Omega SA, ''Force'' was added – a Japanese homophone for "fourth" – representing that they are the fourth business division. ''WinBack'', released in 1 ...
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Koei
Koei Co., Ltd. was a Japanese video game publisher, developer, and distributor founded in 1978. The company is known for its ''Dynasty Warriors'' games based on the novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'', as well as simulation games based on pseudo-historical events. The company has also found mainstream success in a series of loosely historical action games, the flagship titles of which are the ''Dynasty Warriors'' and ''Samurai Warriors'' series, also known as the ''Musō'' series. Koei also owns a division known as Ruby Party, which focuses on otome games. On April 1, 2009, Koei merged with Tecmo to form the Tecmo Koei Holdings holding company. Koei changed its name to Tecmo Koei Games on April 1, 2010 by absorbing Tecmo, and again on July 1, 2014, to Koei Tecmo Games. History Koei was established in July 1978 by Yōichi Erikawa (also known as Kou Shibusawa) and Keiko Erikawa. Yoichi was a student at Keio University, and when his family's rural dyestuffs business faile ...
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Cover System
A cover system is a video game gameplay mechanic that allows a virtual avatar to hide from and avoid dangers, usually in a three-dimensional world. This method is a digital adaptation of the real-life military tactic of taking cover behind obstacles, for purposes of attaining protection from enemy ranged or area effect attacks, such as gunfire or explosions. Definition In gaming, a cover system lets a player character use stationary or moving obstacles to avoid damage. To be considered a cover system, there must be some physical interaction with the source of cover and the avatar. This means moving to stand in a position behind an object, as in traditional shooter games, while strictly speaking would be classified as "taking cover", does not qualify as an actual cover system in terms of video game mechanics. Not all cover shooters feature a direct cover system interaction, like Brothers in Arms: Road to Hill 30. Some first-person shooters such as '' Soldier of Fortune'' bridge ...
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Third-person Shooter
Third-person shooter (TPS) is a subgenre of 3D shooter games in which the gameplay consists primarily of shooting. It is closely related to first-person shooters, but with the player character visible on-screen during play. While 2D shoot 'em up games also employ a third-person perspective, the TPS genre is distinguished by having the game presented with the player's avatar as a primary focus of the camera's view. Definition A third-person shooter is a game structured around shooting,Nate Garrets, ''The Meaning and Culture of Grand Theft Auto: critical essays'' (McFarland, 2006)159 and in which the player can see the avatar on-screen in a third-person view.Anne-Marie Schreiner,Does Lara Croft Wear Fake Polygons? Gender and Gender-Role Subversion in Computer Adventure Games '' Leonardo Journal'', Vol. 34, No. 3 (2001): 222. Third-person shooters are distinguished from other shooter games that may present the game from a third-person view such as shoot 'me ups, as the game is ...
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Nintendo Switch Online
Nintendo Switch Online (NSO) is an online subscription service for the Nintendo Switch video game console. Nintendo Switch Online features include online multiplayer, cloud saving, voice chat via a smartphone app, access to a library of Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) games, as well as other promotions and offers. Following an interim period where Nintendo offered online multiplayer free of charge, the subscription service officially launched on September 18, 2018. An expanded tier of the service, ''Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack'', was released on October 25, 2021, and adds Nintendo 64 and Sega Genesis games to the library, as well as included access to paid DLC for '' Animal Crossing: New Horizons'', ''Mario Kart 8 Deluxe'', and ''Splatoon 2''. The service is Nintendo's third generation online service after Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection and Nintendo Network. History The Nintendo Switch was announced in October 2016 a ...
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Cavia (company)
was a Japanese video game developer. The company name was apparently an acronym for Computer Amusement Visualizer, although the company web site also claims it refers to caviar. The company was founded on March 1, 2000, and had its headquarters in Tokyo, Japan. Its shareholders included Amuse Capital, Tokuma Shoten, Tohokushinsha Film Corporation, Nippon Television Network Corporation, Tokyo FM Broadcasting, Mitsubishi Corporation, and Hayao Nakayama. Cavia is best known for the ''Drakengard'' series, the first title in the ''Nier'' series and two ''Resident Evil'' rail shooters: '' The Umbrella Chronicles'' and ''The Darkside Chronicles''. In October 2005, the company's name was sold to AQ Interactive. AQ Interactive became a holding company responsible for the management of subsidiary companies as well as sales and promotion of game software. The old company's game planning & development business was transferred to a newly established Cavia Inc. In July 2010, the company wa ...
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Kill Switch (video Game)
''Kill Switch'' (stylized as '' kill.switch'') is a third-person shooter video game developed by Namco USA in 2003 for the PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows. A Game Boy Advance port was released in 2004. The GBA port was created independently of Namco, due to a licensing deal with Destination Software. The PAL release of the PS2 port came with a demo of ''SOCOM II U.S. Navy SEALs'' on a separate disc. The most distinguishing characteristic of ''Kill Switch'' is its cover system, a mechanic that has the player character taking cover behind objects and around corners in a manner similar to Namco's own ''Time Crisis'' series of light gun shooters as well as Koei's third-person shooter ''WinBack'' and Hideo Kojima's stealth game '' Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty''. However, ''Kill Switch'' was the first third-person shooter to feature the cover system as its core game mechanic, though ''Gears of War'' would popularize it. Story Protagonist Nick Bishop (voiced by Marcus M ...
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Third-person Shooter
Third-person shooter (TPS) is a subgenre of 3D shooter games in which the gameplay consists primarily of shooting. It is closely related to first-person shooters, but with the player character visible on-screen during play. While 2D shoot 'em up games also employ a third-person perspective, the TPS genre is distinguished by having the game presented with the player's avatar as a primary focus of the camera's view. Definition A third-person shooter is a game structured around shooting,Nate Garrets, ''The Meaning and Culture of Grand Theft Auto: critical essays'' (McFarland, 2006)159 and in which the player can see the avatar on-screen in a third-person view.Anne-Marie Schreiner,Does Lara Croft Wear Fake Polygons? Gender and Gender-Role Subversion in Computer Adventure Games '' Leonardo Journal'', Vol. 34, No. 3 (2001): 222. Third-person shooters are distinguished from other shooter games that may present the game from a third-person view such as shoot 'me ups, as the game is ...
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Virgin Interactive
Virgin Interactive Entertainment (later renamed Avalon Interactive) was the video game publishing division of British conglomerate the Virgin Group. It developed and published games for major platforms and employed developers, including Westwood Studios co-founder Brett Sperry and ''Earthworm Jim'' creators David Perry and Doug TenNapel. Others include video game composer Tommy Tallarico and animators Bill Kroyer and Andy Luckey. Formed as Virgin Games in 1983, and built around a small development team called the Gang of Five, the company grew significantly after purchasing budget label Mastertronic in 1987. As Virgin's video game division grew into a multimedia powerhouse, it crossed over to other industries from toys to film to education. To highlight its focus beyond video games and on multimedia, the publisher was renamed Virgin Interactive Entertainment in 1993. As result of a growing trend throughout the 1990s of media companies, movie studios and telecom firms invest ...
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Enigma (1998)
''Enigma'' (エニグマ) is a 1998 Japanese video game for the Sony PlayStation. It was developed by Omega Force and published by Koei. It is a third person adventure title that includes elements from fighting games which draws influence from ''Resident Evil''. Set in 1920, the game features three playable characters from England, Japan, and America, who travel the world solving puzzles in various ruins and temples. The game was never released outside of Japan. Gameplay Enigma is a single player adventure game with three selectable characters. Development and release The game was developed by Omega Force, who had previously developed ''Dynasty Warriors''. During this period, Koei was attempting to branch out from the strategy game genre that they were known for. They produced several games such as the shooting game ''Winback'', the fighting game ''Dynasty Warriors'', as well as Enigma, an adventure game. The game was directed by Kazuta Imamura, while Tatsuya Yazaki served as t ...
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Colonel
Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of a regiment in an army. Modern usage varies greatly, and in some cases, the term is used as an honorific title that may have no direct relationship to military service. The rank of colonel is typically above the rank of lieutenant colonel. The rank above colonel is typically called brigadier, brigade general or brigadier general. In some smaller military forces, such as those of Monaco or the Vatican, colonel is the highest rank. Equivalent naval ranks may be called captain or ship-of-the-line captain. In the Commonwealth's air force ranking system, the equivalent rank is group captain. History and origins By the end of the late medieval period, a group of "companies" was referred to as a "column" of an army. According to Raymond Ol ...
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Terrorist
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants (mostly civilians and neutral military personnel). The terms "terrorist" and "terrorism" originated during the French Revolution of the late 18th century but became widely used internationally and gained worldwide attention in the 1970s during the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the Basque conflict, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The increased use of suicide attacks from the 1980s onwards was typified by the 2001 September 11 attacks in the United States. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Terrorism is a charged term. It is often used with the connotation of something that is "morally wrong". Governments a ...
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