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William Wiswesser
William Joseph Wiswesser (December 3, 1914 – December 17, 1989) was an American chemist best known as the creator of the Wiswesser line notation (WLN), which was an innovative way to represent chemical structures in a linear string of characters suitable for computer manipulation. He is also known for the Wiswesser rule, a mathematical formula which predicts the order of atomic orbitals in many-electron atoms. Education and career Wiswesser was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, to Louis and Hattie (Flatt) Wiswesser in 1914. He attended Reading High School, and graduated from Lehigh University with a B.S. degree in chemistry in 1936. Following graduation, he worked at Hercules, the Trojan Powder Company, and the Picatinny Arsenal. Wiswesser then served as an instructor of chemistry in the Cooper Union's School of Engineering during the 1940s. It was during this time that he published his 1945 paper describing a formula that correctly orders the subshells of atomic orbitals in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Department Of The Army Decoration For Exceptional Civilian Service
The Department of the Army Distinguished Civilian Service Award formerly the Department of the Army Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service is the highest award that may be bestowed by or on behalf of the Secretary of the Army to Army civilian employees. The medal was approved by the War Department 29 December 1945. This award consists of a gold medal, lapel button and certificate. A ribbon bar and miniature medal is also available for private purchase. Criteria Eligibility is determined by measuring contributions against the following example levels of achievement: *Accomplishing assigned duties of major program significance to the Department of the Army in such a way as to have been clearly exceptional or preeminent among all persons who have performed similar duties. *Developed and improved major methods and procedures, developed significant inventions, or was responsible for exceptional achievements that effected large-scale savings or were of major significance in advancin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Chemistry
The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Examples include the discovery of fire, extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze. The protoscience of chemistry, alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. While both alchemy and chemistry are concerned with matter and its transformations, chemists are seen as applying scientific method to their work. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard Gibbs. Ancient history Early humans A 100,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lehigh University Alumni
Lehigh may refer to: Places United States *Lehigh, Iowa *Lehigh, Kansas * Lehigh, Oklahoma * Lehigh, Barbour County, West Virginia *Lehigh, Wisconsin *Lehigh Acres, Florida *Lehigh Township (other) *Lehigh Valley, a region in eastern Pennsylvania **Lehigh Canal, constructed along the Lehigh River **Lehigh County, Pennsylvania **Lehigh Valley AVA, Pennsylvania wine region **Lehigh County Ballpark, Allentown **Lehigh Gap, Pennsylvania, a mountain gap formed by the Lehigh River **Lehigh Valley Mall, a shopping mall in Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania ** Lehigh Parkway, a park in Allentown **Lehigh River, a tributary of the Delaware River **Lehigh Street, Allentown **Lehigh Tunnel, along the Northeast Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike **Little Lehigh Creek, a tributary of Jordan Creek Fictional * Lehigh Station, Pennsylvania, a fictional town in the television miniseries ''North and South'' Businesses * Lehigh & Susquehanna Turnpike (1804) a wagon road connecting Phil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheminformatics
Cheminformatics (also known as chemoinformatics) refers to use of physical chemistry theory with computer and information science techniques—so called "''in silico''" techniques—in application to a range of descriptive and prescriptive problems in the field of chemistry, including in its applications to biology and related molecular fields. Such ''in silico'' techniques are used, for example, by pharmaceutical companies and in academic settings to aid and inform the process of drug discovery, for instance in the design of well-defined combinatorial libraries of synthetic compounds, or to assist in structure-based drug design. The methods can also be used in chemical and allied industries, and such fields as environmental science and pharmacology, where chemical processes are involved or studied. History Cheminformatics has been an active field in various guises since the 1970s and earlier, with activity in academic departments and commercial pharmaceutical research and dev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1989 Deaths
File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxon Valdez oil tanker runs aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska, causing a large Exxon Valdez oil spill, oil spill; The Fall of the Berlin Wall begins the downfall of Communism in Eastern Europe, and heralds German reunification; The United States United States invasion of Panama, invades Panama to depose Manuel Noriega; The Singing Revolution led to the independence of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from the Soviet Union; The stands of Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, Yorkshire, where the Hillsborough disaster occurred; 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, Students demonstrate in Tiananmen Square, Beijing; many are killed by forces of the Chinese Communist Party., 300x300px, thumb rect 0 0 200 200 1989 Loma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1914 Births
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line. Events January * January 1 – The St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line in the United States starts services between St. Petersburg and Tampa, Florida, becoming the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with Tony Jannus (the first federally-licensed pilot) conveying passengers in a Benoist XIV flying boat. Abram C. Pheil, mayor of St. Petersburg, is the first airline passenger, and over 3,000 people witness the first departure. * January 11 – The Sakurajima volcano in Japan begins to erupt, becoming effusive after a very large earthquake ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wyomissing, Pennsylvania
Wyomissing is a borough in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The borough was established on July 2, 1906. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,114, compared to 10,461 at the 2010 census. The growth was significantly larger between 2000 and 2010 largely due to its merger in January 2002 with neighboring Wyomissing Hills. Wyomissing is the most populous borough in Berks County. The borough is recognized as a Tree City USA and selected as a "Contender" for the best places to live in Pennsylvania by ''Money'' magazine. Wyomissing is located southwest of Allentown and northwest of Philadelphia. Geography Wyomissing is located in central Berks County at (40.332742, -75.964603). It is bordered by the city of Reading to the northeast and southeast, by West Reading directly to the east, by the borough of Shillington and Cumru Township to the south, by Spring Township to the west and northwest, and by Bern Township to the north. From south to north, the west s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herman Skolnik Award
The Herman Skolnik Award is awarded annually by the Division of Chemical Information of the American Chemical Society, "to recognize outstanding contributions to and achievements in the theory and practice of chemical information science". the award is of 3,000 US dollars. It is named for Herman Skolnik (1914-1994), who was a co-founder of the then ACS Division of Chemical Literature in 1948 and a key figure in the Division. The first award was made to him. Recipients 1970s *1976: Herman Skolnik *1977: Eugene Garfield *1978: Fred A. Tate 1980s *1980: William J. Wiswesser *1981: Ben H. Weil *1982: Robert Fugmann *1983: Russell J. Rowlett, Jr. *1984: Montagu Hyams *1986: Dale B. Baker *1987: William Theilheimer *1988: David R. Lide, Jr. *1989: Michael F. Lynch and Stuart Marson 1990s *1990: Ernst Meyer *1991: Todd Wipke *1992: Jacques-Emile Dubois *1993: Peter Willett *1994: Alexandru T. Balaban *1995: Reiner Luckenbach and Clemens Jochum *1996: Milan Randic *19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austin M
Austin is the capital city of the U.S. state of Texas, as well as the seat and largest city of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties. Incorporated on December 27, 1839, it is the 11th-most-populous city in the United States, the fourth-most-populous city in Texas, the second-most-populous state capital city, and the most populous state capital that is not also the most populous city in its state. It has been one of the fastest growing large cities in the United States since 2010. Downtown Austin and Downtown San Antonio are approximately apart, and both fall along the Interstate 35 corridor. Some observers believe that the two regions may some day form a new "metroplex" similar to Dallas and Fort Worth. Austin is the southernmost state capital in the contiguous United States and is considered a " Beta −" global city as categorized by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. As of 2021, Austin had an estimated population ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reading Eagle
The ''Reading Eagle'' is the major daily newspaper in Reading, Pennsylvania. A family-owned newspaper until the spring of 2019, its reported circulation is 37,000 (daily) and 50,000 (Sundays). It serves the Reading and Berks County region of Pennsylvania. After celebrating its sesquicentennial of local ownership and editorial control in 2018, the ''Reading Eagle'' was acquired by the Denver, Colorado-based MediaNews Group (also known as Digital First Media) in May 2019. History The newspaper was founded on January 28, 1868. Initially an afternoon paper, it was published Monday through Saturday with a Sunday-morning edition added later. In 1940, the ''Eagle'' acquired the ''Reading Times'', which was a morning paper, but they remained separate papers. The staff of the two papers was combined in 1982. In June 2002, the ''Reading Times'' ceased publication, and the ''Eagle'' became a morning paper. Both papers had been publishing a joint Saturday-morning edition since 1988. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Bader
Alfred Robert Bader, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, CBE (April 28, 1924 – December 23, 2018) was a Canadians, Canadian chemist, businessman, philanthropist, and collector of fine art. He was considered by the ''Chemical & Engineering News'' poll of 1998 to be one of the "Top 75 Distinguished Contributors to the Chemical Enterprise" during C&EN's 75-year history. Early years Alfred Bader was born on April 28, 1924, in Vienna, Austria. His father, Alfred Bader, was of Czech Jewish descent. His grandfather, Moritz Ritter von Bader, had been a civil engineer, who worked on the Suez Canal and was knighted by Franz Joseph I of Austria, Emperor Franz Josef for his service as Austrian consul at Ismaïlia. His mother, Elizabeth Countess Serényi, came from an aristocratic Catholic Hungarian family. In spite of adamant opposition from Serényi's family, the couple had married in London and settled in Vienna. Alfred was born only two weeks before his father's death. He w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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