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Wej Province
The Wej Province (Amharic: ወጅ) was a province established in the 10th-century and located in the southwest of what is now Ethiopia. Location According to G. W. B Huntingford, Wej occupied an area near Lake Zway, west of Fatager and east of Hadiya. Origins There have been arguments over the ruling family's ethnicity. The extinct ethnic group Maya are held by some sources to have been the original rulers, but others state that Wej campaigned against the Maya, while early Arab writers recorded that Oromos were living in the area and founded several kingdoms, Wej among them. History Enrico Cerulli asserted the people of Wej had leaders whose lineage identified with eleventh century Muslim Queen Badit of the Makhzumi dynasty. Pankhurst states that Wej was an ally of Ethiopian king Yekuno Amlak and supported him in his conquest of Abyssinia. It is described as a tributary state ruled by Govorner Zebadar. A Malassay by the name of Asmaddin from Wej had assisted Emperor Sars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amharic
Amharic ( or ; (Amharic: ), ', ) is an Ethiopian Semitic language, which is a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is spoken as a first language by the Amharas, and also serves as a lingua franca for all other populations residing in major cities and towns of Ethiopia. The language serves as the official working language of the Ethiopian federal government, and is also the official or working language of several of Ethiopia's federal regions. It has over 31,800,000 mother-tongue speakers, with more than 25,100,000 second language speakers. Amharic is the most widely spoken language in Ethiopia, and the second most spoken mother-tongue in Ethiopia (after Oromo). Amharic is also the second largest Semitic language in the world (after Arabic). Amharic is written left-to-right using a system that grew out of the Geʽez script. The segmental writing system in which consonant-vowel sequences are written as units is called an ''abugida'' (). Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yekuno Amlak
Yekuno Amlak ( Ge’ez: ይኩኖ አምላክ); throne name Tasfa Iyasus (ተስፋ ኢየሱስ; died 19 June 1285) was Emperor of Ethiopia, and the founder of the Solomonic dynasty, which lasted until 1974. He was a ruler from Bete Amhara (in parts of modern day Wollo and northern Shewa) who became the Emperor of Ethiopia following the defeat of the last Zagwe king. Rise to power Yekuno Amlak hailed from an ancient Amhara family. Much of what is known about Yekuno Amlak is documented; his letter to the Egyptian ruler serving as one of the oldest examples, along with medieval hagiographies, and to a lesser extent based on oral traditions. Yekuno Amlak was the local ruler of Geshen and Ambassel around the Lake Hayq region. where he was educated at Lake Hayq's Istifanos Monastery. Later medieval hagiographies state Saint Tekle Haymanot raised and educated him, helping him depose the last king of the Zagwe dynasty. Earlier hagiographies, however, state that it was Iyasu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim Al-Ghazi
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( so, Axmed Ibraahim al-Qaasi or Axmed Gurey, Harari: አሕመድ ኢብራሂም አል-ጋዚ, ar, أحمد بن إبراهيم الغازي ; 1506 – 21 February 1543) was an imam and general of the Adal Sultanate. Imam Ahmad (commonly named Ahmed ''Gurey'' ''in Somali, and ''Gura'' in Afar, both meaning "the left-handed" or "the southpaw")'', invaded the Ethiopian Empire under the Sultanate of Adal during the Ethiopian-Adal War. Ethnicity Imam Ahmad is regarded by most scholars as an ethnic Somali. However, a few historians have dismissed the Somali theory. Merid Wolde Aregay argued Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi belonged to the Harla dynasty of rulers through his father. Mohammed Hassan also states Ahmed was the son of Garad Ibrahim, a provincial governor of Sim in Harla realm. According to Taddesse Tamrat, although various Somali clans were involved in the conquest, Ahmed was not a Somali and had links to the Semitic-speaking Wâlasma aris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eskender
Eskender ( gez, እስክንድር, "Alexander"; 15 July 1471 – 7 May 1494) was Emperor of Ethiopia and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. His throne name was Kwestantinos II (Ge’ez: ቈስታንቲኖስ, "Constantine"). He was the son of Emperor Baeda Maryam I by his wife Queen Romna. His early years would see the jostling for power between the nobility and the ecclesiastical elite. During his reign, he was involved with several battles with the Adal Sultanate. At the age of 22, his death led to civil war between the supporters of his son, Amda Seyon II and his half-brother Na'od. It was during Eskender's reign that the famed Portuguese envoy Pedro de Covilham visited his court and was later forced to stay as an advisor. Background Due to his young age, his authority required a regent. Therefore, a council was formed of his mother Queen Romna, Tasfa Giyorgis (the abbot of the monastery of Lake Hayq), and the Bitwoded Amda Mikael. However, Queen Romna withdrew from thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Hayq
Lake Hayq (Amharic: ሐይቅ ሐይቅ, ) is a freshwater lake of Ethiopia. It is located north of Dessie, in the Debub Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region. The town of Hayq is to the west of the lake. Lake Hayq is 6.7 km long and 6 km wide, with a surface area of 23 km². It has a maximum depth of 88 m and is at an elevation of 2,030 meters above sea level. It is one of two lakes in the Tehuledere woreda. History According to a local legend, the lake was created to avenge a pregnant woman who was wronged by a princess. God was greatly angered by this injustice, and in his wrath turned all of the land surrounding the woman (except the ground she was sitting on) into the water forming a lake, destroying the princess along with her friends and family in the process. Where the pregnant woman was sitting became an island (now a peninsula) where Istifanos Monastery, founded in the middle of the 13th century by Iyasus Mo'a, is located. A former student of Iyasus Mo'a, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Endagabatan
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The Battle of Endagabatan was fought in the year 1563 between the forces of the Ethiopian Empire led by ''Dejazmach'' Taklo, and rebels under ''Dejazmach'' Hamalmal. Hamalmal led a revolt against his cousin, the Emperor of Ethiopia Sarsa Dengel. Hamalmal barricaded his forces at Endagabatan in preparation for an offensive. Largely outnumbered by Hamalmal's rebels, the Emperor's able general Taklo successfully received assistance from the Muslim Malassay Garad Asmaddin of Wej. The revolt was suppressed after a series of victories by the imperial troops which led to Hamalmal requesting clemency from the Emperor. References Endagabatan Endagabatan Endagabatan (Amharic: እንደገብጠን) also known as Enda Gabtan, Anda Gabtan, or Endagabton was a historical province of Ethiopia. Located north west of the old Fatagar region, bounded by Mugar, Gudar as well as Abay rivers. The region is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarsa Dengel
Sarsa Dengel ( gez, ሠርጸ ድንግል ; 1550 – 4 October 1597), also known as Sarsa the Great, was Emperor of Ethiopia, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. His throne name was throne name Malak Sagad I (መለክ ሰገድ ). Biography The son of Emperor Menas and Empress Admas Mogasa, and thus hailing from the Amhara people, Sarsa Dengel was elected king by the Shewan commanders of the army and the Dowager Empress. He was barely fourteen years old, but was supported by the Amhara aristocracy who feared Tigrayan influence in the person of Yishaq who frequently aligned with the Ottomans. Upon his coming of age, Sarsa Dengel had to put down a number of revolts: such as his cousin Hamalmal in 1563 at the Battle of Endagabatan, and another by his cousin Fasil two years later. Sarsa Dengel moved the center of the empire from Shewa to Begemder, especially around the Lake Tana area where he established his imperial residence and built many castles. War against the Ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malassay
A Malassay ( Harari: መለሳይ ''Mäläsay'') was a member of the elite infantry units that formed the Adal Sultanate's household troops. According to Manfred Kropp, Malassay were the Harari armed forces. Etymology Malassay appears to refer to a military rank or warrior in Afar and Harari languages. According to Dr. Duri Mohammed and others, Malassay in ancient times attributed to Harari serviceman however in the present day it refers to a brotherhood or member of a fraternity. According to Harari scholar Abdurrahman Qorram, Malassay derives from the root Harari term ''mälä'' meaning to provide solutions. History Early Ge'ez and Portuguese texts indicate Muslim soldiers were known as the Malassay. In the thirteenth century the Malassay appear to back the Amhara rebel Yekuno Amlak in his conflict with the Zagwe dynasty. Historians have identified the Gafat regiments of the Malassay played a key role in founding the Christian Solomonic dynasty. Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultanate Of Showa
The Makhzumi dynasty also known as Sultanate of Shewa or Shewa Sultanate, was a Muslim kingdom in present-day Ethiopia. Its capital Walale was situated in northern Hararghe in Harla country. Its territory extended possibly to some areas west of the Awash River. The port of Zeila may have influenced the kingdom. The rise of the Makhzumi state at the same time resulted in the decline of the Kingdom of Axum. Several engravings dating back to the 13th century showing the presence of the kingdom are found in Chelenqo, Bate, Harla near Dire Dawa and Munessa near Lake Langano. The Shewa sultanate was one of the oldest documented Muslim states in the region. The state ran along Muslim trade lines and dominions known to the Arab world as the ''country of Zeila''. Its founding dynastic family, the Makhzumis, is said to have consisted of Arab immigrants who arrived in Showa during the 7th century. This ruling house governed the polity from AH 283/AD 896 to 1285–86, a period of three hundr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10th-century
The 10th century was the period from 901 ( CMI) through 1000 ( M) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the last century of the 1st millennium. In China the Song dynasty was established. The Muslim World experienced a cultural zenith, especially in al-Andalus under the Caliphate of Córdoba and in the Samanid Empire under Ismail Samani. Additionally, there was a cultural flourishing for the Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire. The Medievalist and historian of technology Lynn White said that "to the modern eye, it is very nearly the darkest of the Dark Ages ... if it was dark, it was the darkness of the womb". Similarly, Helen Waddell wrote that the 10th century was that which "in the textbooks disputes with the seventh the bad eminence, the nadir of the human intellect". Caesar Baronius famously described it as the Iron Century, because it was ‘iron in its harshness and in its sterility of goodness', while Lorenzo Valla gave it the similar name "Age of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrico Cerulli
Enrico Cerulli (15 February 1898 - 19 September 1988) was an Italian scholar of Somali and Ethiopian studies, a governor and a diplomat. Biography Cerulli was born in Naples, Italy in 1898. He wrote his doctoral thesis at the University of Naples Federico II on the traditional law of the Somali. At the same time, he studied Ethio-Semitic languages under Francesco Gallina, and Arabic and Islamic studies under Carlo Alfonso Nallino and Giorgio Levi Della Vida at the Regio Istituto Orientale (later Istituto Universitario Orientale, today Università di Napoli "L'Orientale").Ricci 2003, p. 708b. Cerulli is also renowned for his studies on the Latin and Old French translation of the Arabic ''Kitab al-Miraj'', a famous Muslim book concerned with Muhammad's ascension into Heaven (known as the '' Mi'raj''), following his miraculous one-night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem (the ''Isra''). The book's Islamic depictions of Hell are believed by some scholars, including Cerulli, to hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
