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Wawelberg Group
The Wawelberg Group ( pl, Grupa Wawelberg), also known as the Konrad Wawelberg Destruction Group ( pl, Grupa Destrukcyjna Konrada Wawelberga), was a Polish special-forces unit. The group began the Third Silesian Uprising on May 2/3, 1921 by blowing up seven rail bridges linking Upper Silesia with the rest of Germany. Origins The Wawelberg Group was organized by the Polish General Staff's Section II (Intelligence) as the "Destruction Office" in the waning days of 1920 (see ''History of Polish intelligence services'') as rumors flew that the Inter-Allied Plebiscite Commission would grant almost all of Upper Silesia to Germany. Prompted by the rumors, the Polish Military Organization of Upper Silesia, which actively cooperated with the Polish Army, had begun forming a small, highly specialized unit which would come to be called the Wawelberg Group. The Destruction Office took the "Wawelberg" name from the '' nom de guerre'' of its commander, Captain Tadeusz Puszczyński — "Konrad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmund Charaszkiewicz
Edmund Kalikst Eugeniusz Charaszkiewicz (; Poniec, 14 October 1895 – 22 December 1975, London) was a Polish military intelligence officer who specialized in clandestine warfare. Between the World Wars, he helped establish Poland's interbellum borders in conflicts over territory with Poland's neighbours. Also, for a dozen years before World War II, he coordinated Marshal Józef Piłsudski's Promethean movement, aimed at liberating the non-Russian peoples of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union—an objective that Piłsudski deemed crucial if Poland, sandwiched between Germany and the Soviet Union, were to preserve her just-regained independence. Early career Edmund Charaszkiewicz was born on 14 October 1895 in Punitz (in Polish, Poniec), in the Province of Posen, an area of the German Empire that had been annexed from Poland by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland (1795). He was the son of Stanisław Charaszkiewicz, a building contractor, and Bronisława, née Rajew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wiktor Wiechaczek
Wiktor Wiechaczek (nom de guerre ''Oset''; 10 October 1879 – 3 June 1941) was a Polish soldier, who participated in the Silesian Uprisings. Born on 10 October 1879 in Ruda Śląska, Wiechaczek was a Polish patriot, living in Upper Silesia, which then belonged to Germany. In 1913 he took part in a strike in the ''Pawel'' coal mine, for which he was fired. After 1918, Wiechaczek actively participated in pro-Polish movement in Silesia, and together with Józef Trojok, he was one of leaders of the First Silesian Uprising. In 1921, he was a member of the Wawelberg Group (BTW the only one from Upper Silesia, all the other members were from Poland), and for his activities, Wiechaczek was awarded the Virtuti Militari cross, number 7840. Wiechaczek was arrested by the Germans on 3 May 1940, and transported to the Dachau concentration camp, and later to Oranienburg Oranienburg () is a town in Brandenburg, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Oberhavel. Geography Oranienburg is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapper
A sapper, also called a pioneer (military), pioneer or combat engineer, is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties, such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses, and road and airfield construction and repair. They are also trained and equipped to serve as provisional infantry, fighting as such as a secondary mission. A sapper's duties facilitate and support movement, defense, and survival of allied forces and impede those of enemies. The term "sapper" is used in the British Army and Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth nations and the U.S. military. The word "sapper" comes from the French word ''sapeur'', itself being derived from the verb ''saper'' (to undermine, to dig under a wall or building to cause its collapse). Historical origin Sapping A sapper, in the sense first used by the French military, was one who dug trenches to allow besieging forces to advance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Army (German Empire)
The Imperial German Army (1871–1919), officially referred to as the German Army (german: Deutsches Heer), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire. It was established in 1871 with the political unification of Germany under the leadership of Prussia, and was dissolved in 1919, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I (1914–1918). In the Federal Republic of Germany, the term ' identifies the German Army, the land component of the '. Formation and name The states that made up the German Empire contributed their armies; within the German Confederation, formed after the Napoleonic Wars, each state was responsible for maintaining certain units to be put at the disposal of the Confederation in case of conflict. When operating together, the units were known as the Federal Army ('). The Federal Army system functioned during various conflicts of the 19th century, such as the First Schleswig War from 1848–50 but by the time of the Second Schleswig Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racławice Śląskie
Racławice Śląskie, formerly named Racławice Niemieckie (german: Deutsch Rasselwitz, szl, Rasławice) is a village located in the Opole Voivodeship (southern Poland), near the border with the Czech Republic. It belongs to the Prudnik County, in 2006 it was inhabited by 1600 people. Majority of inhabitants are descendants of Poles expelled after 1945 from the area of Berezhany Raion (see: Kresy), who replaced the expelled Germans (see: Expulsions of Germans after World War II). Until recently, Racławice was a rail junction, with trains leaving in three directions - towards Nysa, Kędzierzyn-Koźle and Głubczyce. Currently, the line Racławice-Głubczyce is closed. It lies approximately south-west of Głogówek, east of Prudnik Prudnik (, szl, Prudnik, Prōmnik, german: Neustadt in Oberschlesien, Neustadt an der Prudnik, la, Prudnicium) is a town in southern Poland, located in the southern part of Opole Voivodeship near the border with the Czech Republic. It is the ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Głogówek
Głogówek (pronounced , German: ''Oberglogau'', cs, Horní Hlohov, szl, Gogōwek) is a small historic town in southern Poland. It is situated on the Osobloga River, in Opole Voivodeship of the greater Silesian region. The city lies approximately from Opole, the capital of the voivodeship, and is about from the Czech border. The name of the city comes from the Polish word ''głóg'', meaning hawthorn. The plant was abundant in the area when the city was founded. The town is well known for its preserved medieval core, market square and many architectural monuments. Since 2009, the town has been bilingual in Polish and German, a substantial German minority having remained in the area after the bulk of Silesia was ceded to Poland and the end of World War II. History Previously, it was believed that the first historical mention of Głogówek was in the year 1076, however this is now known to be false. The sources which frequently cited the city's 11th-century founding were mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Głubczyce
Głubczyce ( cs, Hlubčice or sparsely ''Glubčice'', german: Leobschütz, Silesian German: ''Lischwitz'') is a town in Opole Voivodeship in southern Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic. It is the administrative seat of Głubczyce County and Gmina Głubczyce. Geography Głubczyce is situated on the Głubczyce Plateau ( pl, Płaskowyż Głubczycki; a part of the Silesian Lowlands) on the Psina (Cina) river, a left tributary of the Oder. The town centre is located approximately south of Opole and just northwest of Ostrava. History Middle Ages The settlement named ''Glubcici'' was first mentioned in an 1107 deed. At the time, it was a small village, dominated by a large wooden castle. It stood on the right bank of the Psina River, which according to an 1137 peace treaty between the dukes Soběslav I of Bohemia and Bolesław III of Poland formed the border between the Moravian lands (then ruled by the Bohemian dukes) and the Polish province of Silesia. The exact date o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prudnik
Prudnik (, szl, Prudnik, Prōmnik, german: Neustadt in Oberschlesien, Neustadt an der Prudnik, la, Prudnicium) is a town in southern Poland, located in the southern part of Opole Voivodeship near the border with the Czech Republic. It is the administrative seat of Prudnik County and Gmina Prudnik. Its population numbers 21,368 inhabitants (2016). Since 2015, Prudnik is a member of the Cittaslow International. The town was founded in the 1250s, and was historically part of the Polish-ruled Duchy of Opole, and afterwards was located within the Habsburg monarchy, Poland, Habsburg Monarchy again, Prussia, Germany, and eventually Poland again. It was once an important industrial hub known for its shoe-making traditions and more recently towel making by the ZPB "Frotex" Company, one of the largest towel manufacturers in Europe. The town also possesses numerous architectural monuments and historic buildings such as the Main Town Hall and "Wok's Tower" (''Wieża Woka'') from the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krapkowice
Krapkowice (; german: Krappitz; szl, Krapkowicy) is a town in southern Poland with 16,301 inhabitants (2019), situated in the Opole Voivodeship, straddling both banks of the Oder River at the point where it joins with the Osobłoga. It is the regional capital of Krapkowice County. Traditionally this Upper Silesian town was a centre for leather, paper and cement manufacturing. Today only the paper and leather industries remain. For example, in Krapkowice the toilet paper brand Mola is produced by a major job provider, Metsä. Notable people *Mikuláš Albert z Kaménka (c.1547–1617), Czech priest and translator *Wilhelm Alexander Freund (1833–1917) * Ottomar Rosenbach (1851–1907), German physician *Hertha Pohl (1889–1954), writer *Krzysztof Zwoliński (born 1959), Polish athlete *Alice Bota Alice Bota (born 15 December 1979) is a German journalist, presently working for the weekly ''Die Zeit'', and a book author. Born in Poland, she studied in both Germany and Poland an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gogolin
Gogolin is a town in southern Poland, in Opole Voivodeship, in Krapkowice County. It has 6,682 inhabitants (2019). It is the seat of Gmina Gogolin. Geology and palaeontology Gogolin gives its name to the Gogolin Formation whose strata were first exposed here. History The oldest known mention of Gogolin, under its Old Polish name ''Gogolino'', comes from a 1223 document of Wawrzyniec, bishop of Wrocław. It was then part of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. Later on, it was also part of Bohemia (Czechia), then along with Bohemia it was under Austrian rule, before it was annexed by Prussia in the 18th century, and then became part of the German Empire in 1871. Administratively, Gogolin was located in the Province of Silesia from 1815 until 1919, and then the Province of Upper Silesia until 1945. It was one of the few places whose original Polish name has never been Germanized. In the 19th century, the exploitation of local limestone deposits began on an industrial scale, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Włodzimierz Dąbrowski
Włodzimierz Dąbrowski (11 August 1892 in Cieszyn – 1942 in Auschwitz) was a Polish lawyer and political activist in Silesia. Dąbrowski participated in the Silesian Uprisings. He was murdered during World War II by the Germans at Auschwitz concentration camp. Works * ''Rok walki o rządy na Śląsku Cieszyńskim'' 1919Polish Western affairs: Volumes 20 à 22 Instytut Zachodni - 1979 "As far as Polish literature is concerned, mention should be made of the pre-war books by Cezary Berezowski 6, Wlodzimierz Dabrowski 7 and Leon Zieleniewski 8." * ''Górny Śląsk w walce o zjednoczenie z Polską'' (Upper Silesia's Struggle for Union with Poland, 1923). See also * List of Nazi-German concentration camps *The Holocaust in Poland The Holocaust in Poland was part of the European-wide Holocaust organized by Nazi Germany and took place in German-occupied Poland. During the genocide, three million Polish Jews were murdered, half of all Jews murdered during the Holocaust. .. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
