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Washington Initiative 522, 2012
Washington Initiative 522 (I-522) "concerns labeling of genetically-engineered foods" and was a 2012 Initiatives and referendums in the United States, initiative to the Washington State Legislature. As certified by the Washington Secretary of State, it achieved enough signatures to be forwarded to the legislature for consideration during the 2013 session. The legislature did not vote on the initiative, so I-522 advanced to the November 5, 2013 general election ballot. If passed into law by voters, I-522 would have taken effect on July 1, 2015. The initiative failed with 51% opposition. If approved, I-522 would have required that non-exempt foods and agricultural products offered for retail sale state "clearly and conspicuously" on the front of the package if they were genetically-engineered, contain or might have contained genetically-engineered ingredients. With more than $17.1 million in donations opposed before September 30, I-522 set a new record for money spent against a sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Initiatives And Referendums In The United States
In the politics of the United States, the process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place new legislation, or to place legislation that has recently been passed by a legislature on a ballot for a Referendum, popular vote. Initiatives and referendums, along with recall elections and popular primary elections, are signature reforms of the Progressive Era; they are written into several State constitution (United States), state constitutions, particularly in the Western United States, West. It is a form of direct democracy. The technical name of these types of votes used internationally is referendum, but within the United States they are commonly known as ballot measures, propositions or ballot questions. Referendum within the United States normally refer specifically to questions about striking down enacted law, known internationally as the popular referendum. History The Progressive Era was a period marked by reforms aimed at breaking the con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electroporation
Electroporation, or electropermeabilization, is a microbiology technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing chemicals, drugs, electrode arrays or DNA to be introduced into the cell (also called electrotransfer). In microbiology, the process of electroporation is often used to transform bacteria, yeast, or plant protoplasts by introducing new coding DNA. If bacteria and plasmids are mixed together, the plasmids can be transferred into the bacteria after electroporation, though depending on what is being transferred, cell-penetrating peptides or CellSqueeze could also be used. Electroporation works by passing thousands of volts (~8 kV/cm) across suspended cells in an electroporation cuvette. Afterwards, the cells have to be handled carefully until they have had a chance to divide, producing new cells that contain reproduced plasmids. This process is approximately ten times more effective in increasing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grist (magazine)
''Grist'' (originally ''Grist Magazine''; also referred to as Grist.org) is an American non-profit online magazine founded in 1999 that publishes environmental news and commentary. ''Grist'''s tagline is "Climate. Justice. Solutions." ''Grist'' is headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and has about 50 writers and employees. Its CEO is former state representative Brady Walkinshaw. Coverage ''Grist'' offers reporting, interviews, opinion pieces, daily news, book reviews, food and agricultural coverage, and green advice. Its stated mission is "show that a just and sustainable future is within reach." Regular features include "Ask Umbra," an environmental advice column by Umbra Fisk. Grist also summarizes the day's environmentally related news events in daily and weekly email newsletters. Main writers previously included David Roberts, Lisa Hymas, and Sarah Goodyear. Staff Chip Giller is the founder and former president of ''Grist''. Giller received the Heinz Award for foundin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emanuel Bronner
Emanuel Theodore Bronner (born Emanuel Heilbronner, February 1, 1908 – March 7, 1997) was the maker of Dr. Bronner's Magic Soaps. He used product labels to promote his moral and religious ideas, including a belief in the goodness and unity of humanity. History Bronner was born in Heilbronn, Germany, to the Heilbronner family of soap makers. He immigrated to the United States in 1929, dropping "Heil" from his name because of its associations with Nazism. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1936. As his family was Jewish, he pleaded with his parents to emigrate with him for fear of the then-ascendant Nazi Party, but they refused. His last contact with his parents was in the form of a censored postcard saying, "You were right. —Your loving father." His parents were murdered in the Holocaust. File:BronnerNaturalizationCertificate.jpg, Bronner's 1936 naturalization certificate making him a U.S. citizen File:BronnerNaturalizationCertificatePhoto.jpg, P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grocery Manufacturers Association
The Consumer Brands Association (CBA), formerly the Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA), is a United States-wide trade association for manufacturers of consumer packaged goods (CPG). The CBA represents companies that manufacture food, beverages, household, and personal care products. As of December 2020, the CBA represented more than 1,700 brands. Since the CBA's rebranding in 2020, 18 companies have joined it, increasing growth by more than 30%. As of 2021, the CBA represents 73 CPG companies with nearly 2,000 brands. History The Consumer Brands Association (CBA) was founded in 1908 as the American Specialty Manufacturers Association, which consisted of 45 food and branded-product manufacturers in New York City. It was headquartered at 2401 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C. Since its founding, the association has helped draft legislation such as the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938, which gave the Food and Drug Association (FDA) regulatory authority and cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safeway Inc
Safeway is an American supermarket chain founded by Marion Barton Skaggs in April 1915 in American Falls, Idaho. The chain provides grocery items, food and general merchandise and features a variety of specialty departments, such as bakery, delicatessen, floral and pharmacy, as well as Starbucks coffee shops and fuel centers. It is a subsidiary of Albertsons after being acquired by private equity investors led by Cerberus Capital Management in January 2015. Safeway's primary base of operations is in the Western United States with some stores located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Eastern Seaboard. The subsidiary is headquartered in Pleasanton, California, with its parent company, Albertsons, headquartered in Boise, Idaho. Safeway stores operate under the logo of a stylized white "S" inside a rounded red square with the slogan "Ingredients for life". Following the organics trend, the stores have expanded the number of organic fruits and vegetables in the produce sectio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Consumers Association
The Organic Consumers Association (OCA) is a non-profit advocacy group for the organic agriculture industry based in Minnesota. The organization's members include subscribers to their online newsletters, volunteers, supporters, and retail outlets. The organization seeks to influence public opinion on a variety of issues, such as campaigning for GMO labeling, by its own advocacy campaigns and providing funds to other groups and individuals whose goals align with the organization's members, such as US Right to Know (USRTK), of which the association is the sole major sponsor. The activities of these associated lobbying bodies have been called "antiscientific" and "akin to climate change denialism" by scientists, alleging also that they seek primarily to engage in harassment of food scientists. OCA was embroiled in controversy for work they did with Andrew Wakefield to mislead the Somali immigrant community about the safety of vaccines. Reporting has also exposed their close ties an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seattle Post-Intelligencer
The ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'' (popularly known as the ''Seattle P-I'', the ''Post-Intelligencer'', or simply the ''P-I'') is an online newspaper and former print newspaper based in Seattle, Washington, United States. The newspaper was founded in 1863 as the weekly ''Seattle Gazette'', and was later published daily in broadsheet format. It was long one of the city's two daily newspapers, along with ''The Seattle Times'', until it became an online-only publication on March 18, 2009. History J.R. Watson founded the ''Seattle Gazette'', Seattle's first newspaper, on December 10, 1863. The paper failed after a few years and was renamed the ''Weekly Intelligencer'' in 1867 by new owner Sam Maxwell. In 1878, after publishing the ''Intelligencer'' as a morning daily, printer Thaddeus Hanford bought the ''Daily Intelligencer'' for $8,000. Hanford also acquired Beriah Brown's daily ''Puget Sound Dispatch'' and the weekly ''Pacific Tribune'' and folded both papers into the ''Inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whole Foods Market
Whole Foods Market IP, Inc., a subsidiary of Amazon, is an upscale American multinational supermarket chain headquartered in Austin, Texas, which sells products free from hydrogenated fats and artificial colors, flavors, and preservatives. A USDA Certified Organic grocer in the United States, the chain is popularly known for its organic selections. Whole Foods has 500 stores in North America and seven in the United Kingdom . Amazon acquired the company for $13.7 billion on August 28, 2017. History Early years In 1978, John Mackey and Renee Lawson borrowed $45,000 from family and friends to open a small vegetarian natural foods store called SaferWay in Austin, Texas (the name being a spoof of Safeway). When the two were evicted for storing food products in their apartment, they decided to live at the store. Because it was zoned for commercial use, there was no shower stall, so they bathed using a water hose attached to their dishwasher. Two years later, Mackey and Laws ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PCC Natural Markets
PCC Community Markets is a food cooperative based in Seattle, Washington. With over 58,000 members, it is the largest consumer-owned food cooperative in the United States. Both members and non-members may shop at the retail locations, but members receive certain discounts. The organization currently operates fifteen retail locations. Eight of the fifteen stores are located in Seattle (in the Fremont, Green Lake, Columbia City, View Ridge, West Seattle, Ballard and Central District neighborhoods). The West Seattle location reopened on October 2, 2019. The other seven are located in Issaquah, Kirkland, Burien, Bothell, Redmond, Edmonds and Bellevue. The organization was founded in 1953 as Puget Consumers Co-op and was renamed to PCC Natural Markets in 1998. It was then renamed PCC Community Markets in 2017. Organization PCC is a member-owned and operated cooperative. The members govern through established bylaws and yearly elect a Board of Trustees who represent the in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food Co-operative
A food cooperative or food co-op is a food distribution outlet organized as a cooperative, rather than a private or public company. Food cooperatives are usually consumer cooperatives, where the decisions regarding the production and distribution of its food are chosen by its members. Like all cooperatives, food cooperatives are often based on the 7 Rochdale Principles, and they typically offer natural foods. Since decisions about how to run a cooperative are not made by outside shareholders, cooperatives often exhibit a higher degree of social responsibility than their corporate analogues. In the United States, the National Cooperative Grocers (NCG) is a cooperative federation that is composed of 146 food cooperatives. History The cooperative movement started in the 19th century and the first notable food cooperative was started in Rochdale, England by industrial weavers known as the Rochdale Pioneers. The origination of the modern cooperative movement began in the 1960s when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Severability
In law, severability (sometimes known as salvatorius, from Latin) refers to a provision in a contract or piece of legislation which states that if some of the terms are held to be illegal or otherwise unenforceable, the remainder should still apply. Sometimes, severability clauses will state that some provisions to the contract are so essential to the contract's purpose that if they are illegal or unenforceable, the contract as a whole will be voided. However, in many legal jurisdictions, a severability clause will not be applied if it changes the fundamental nature of the contract, and that instead the contract will be void; thus, often this is not explicitly stated in the severability clause. Sample clause If a provision of this Agreement is or becomes illegal, invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, that shall not affect: #the validity or enforceability in that jurisdiction of any other provision of this Agreement; or #the validity or enforceability in other jurisdictions o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
