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Wareru
Wareru ( mnw, ဝါရေဝ်ရောဝ်, my, ဝါရီရူး, ; also known as Wagaru; 20 March 1253 – 14 January 1307) was the founder of the Martaban Kingdom, located in present-day Myanmar (Burma). By using both diplomatic and military skills, he successfully carved out a Mon-speaking polity in Lower Burma, during the collapse of the Pagan Empire (Bagan Empire) in the 1280s. Wareru was assassinated in 1307 but his line ruled the kingdom until its fall in the mid-16th century. Wareru, a commoner, seized the governorship of Martaban (Mottama) in 1285, and after receiving the backing of the Sukhothai Kingdom, he went on to declare independence from Pagan in 1287. In 1295–1296, he and his ally Tarabya, the self-proclaimed king of Pegu (Bago), decisively defeated a major invasion by Pagan. Wareru eliminated Tarabya soon after, and emerged as the sole ruler of three Mon-speaking provinces of Bassein, Pegu and Martaban 1296. With his domain now much enlarged, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarabya Of Pegu
Tarabya of Pegu ( mnw, တယာဖျာ; my, ပဲခူး တရဖျား, ) was the self-proclaimed king of Pegu (modern Bago, Myanmar) from 1287 to 1296. He was one of several regional strongmen who emerged after the fall of the Pagan Empire in 1287. Initially, Tarabya was allied with Wareru, the strongman of the nearby Martaban province. But after their decisive victory over Pagan in 1295–1296, the alliance turned into an intense rivalry, which culminated in the two men fighting a duel on elephant-back about two years later. Tarabya was defeated, and after a brief stay in Martaban (Mottama), executed. Background Tarabya was originally a commoner by the name of Nga Pa-Mun (ငပမွန်, ),Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 253Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 148Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 359 or A-Che-Mun (အချဲမွန်, ).A-Che-Mun per (Pan Hla 2005: 30). (Phayre 1873: 41) transliterates his name as Akhyemwan. His ascent to power was accidental. He was a brother-in-l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wareru Dhammathat
The ''Wareru Dhammathat'' ( my, ဝါရီရူး ဓမ္မသတ်, ; also known as Wagaru Dhammathat or Code of Wareru) is one of the oldest extant ''dhammathats'' ( legal treatises) of Myanmar (Burma). It was compiled in the 1290s in Mon at the behest of King Wareru of Martaban. Modeled after the Hindu legal treatise '' Manusmriti'', the Code expounds mostly Pagan era Burmese customary law; it contains less than 5% of the content of the ''Manusmriti''. The Code was the basic law of the Mon-speaking kingdom until the mid-16th century when it was adopted by the conquering First Toungoo Empire. Translated into Burmese, Pali and Siamese, it became the basic law of the empire. The Code was adapted into the later ''dhammathats'' of the successor states of the empire. In Siam, the Code coexisted alongside other Siamese legal codes, and became the core portion of the Siamese Legal Code of 1805. In Burma, the Code was revised "to support Burmese customary law with explicitly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hkun Law
Hkun Law ( mnw, ခုန်လဴ, my, ခွန်လော, ; also spelled Khun Law; also Binnya Khon-Law; 1254–1311) was king of Martaban from 1307 to 1311. He succeeded the throne after the death of his brother Wareru, who left no male heir. Though Law gained the recognition of Martaban's overlord Sukhothai, he could not establish any control beyond the capital Martaban (Mottama). He was powerless to defend the Sittaung valley from raids by the Lan Na kingdom. His nominal vassals ruled like sovereigns. In 1311, he was assassinated by the troops of his brother-in-law Gov. Min Bala of Myaungmya, who placed his son (and Law's nephew) Saw O on the throne. Most of the monarchs of the Wareru dynasty that ruled the Mon-speaking Lower Burma until the mid-16th century were descended from Law. Early life The future king was born Ma Gada ( mnw, မဂဒါ, my, မဂဒါ) in Donwun on 27 March 1254.The '' Razadarit Ayedawbon'' chronicle (Pan Hla 2005: 37) says he was born ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May Hnin Theindya
May Hnin Theindya ( my, မေနှင်းသိန်ဒျာ, ) was a principal queen consort of King Tarabya of Pegu (Bago) from 1293 to 1296. She was the only known child of King Wareru of Martaban, and may have been a granddaughter of King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai. Theindya was torn between her husband and her father, who were rival strongmen in present-day Lower Myanmar. It was she who told her father of Tarabya's plan to assassinate him 1296. But when her father ordered Tarabya's execution, she unsuccessfully tried to save her husband. Early life Theindya was born 1281 to Princess May Hnin Thwe-Da of Sukhothai and her commoner husband Ma Gadu in Tagaw Wun, then part of the Pagan Empire. According to Mon chronicles, her mother was a daughter of King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai, who had eloped with Gadu, then a foreign-born captain of royal elephant stables at the Sukhothai palace.Pan Hla 2005: 19–20 (However, the narrative may be a legend,Coedes 1968: 205 o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shin Saw Hla
Shin Saw Hla ( my, ရှင်စောလှ, ) was a principal queen consort of King Wareru of Martaban. She became Wareru's wife 1293 when her father Tarabya of Pegu Tarabya of Pegu ( mnw, တယာဖျာ; my, ပဲခူး တရဖျား, ) was the self-proclaimed king of Pegu (modern Bago, Myanmar) from 1287 to 1296. He was one of several regional strongmen who emerged after the fall of the Pa ..., and Wareru entered into an alliance by marrying each other's daughter.Pan Hla 2005: 30 The alliance fell apart a few years later 1296 when her husband defeated and executed her father.Pan Hla 2005: 32 Nonetheless, she apparently remained a queen consort of Wareru since chronicles do not explicitly say that she was removed from position. References Bibliography * {{s-end Queens consort of Hanthawaddy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May Hnin Thwe-Da
May Hnin Thwe-Da ( mnw, မေဏင်သောဲဍာ; my, မေနှင်းသွယ်တာ, ; also spelled "မည်နှင်းသွယ်ဒါ", "Mi Hnin Thwe-Da"; , , "Lady Soidao") was the chief queen consort of King Wareru of Martaban. The queen was a daughter of King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai. Circa 1281/82, while her father the king was away on a campaign, Princess Thwe-Da eloped with Wareru, a captain of the royal palace guards.Pan Hla 2005: 19 The couple fled to Wareru's native Tagaw Wun village (present-day Bilin Township, Mon State in Myanmar), then part of the neighboring Bagan Kingdom.Pan Hla 2005: 20 Her husband later seized the local governorship of Martaban (Mottama).Pan Hla 2005: 21, 23 Thwe-Da became the chief queen consort of Martaban in 1287 when her husband officially revolted against Bagan with her father's support.Pan Hla 2005: 24–25 The rebellion was successful, and her husband went on to consolidate all three Mon-speaking regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laik-Gi
Laik-Gi ( my, လိုက်ဂီ, ) was governor of Pegu in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. He became governor of the province 1296 after his overlord King Wareru of Martaban had defeated the self-proclaimed king of Pegu Tarabya.Pan Hla 2005: 31 Prior to the appointment, Laik-Gi had served as the chief minister of Wareru's upstart Mon-speaking kingdom since its founding in 1287. He also led the diplomatic mission to the court of King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai in 1286–1287 that secured Sukhothai's backing of Wareru's plan to declare independence from the Pagan Empire The Kingdom of Pagan ( my, ပုဂံခေတ်, , ; also known as the Pagan Dynasty and the Pagan Empire; also the Bagan Dynasty or Bagan Empire) was the first Burmese kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-da ....Pan Hla 2005: 24–25 Chronicles do not state when Laik-Gi's term at Pegu ended. References Bibliography * {{s-end Hanthawaddy dynasty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleimma Of Martaban
Aleimma ( my, အလိမ္မာ, ) was governor of Martaban (Mottama), then a Lower Burma province of the Pagan Empire, from 1259 to 1285. Appointed to the office by King Narathihapate, Aleimma proved a loyal governor of the southern province until the 1280s. But when Pagan was fighting a losing war against Mongol invaders in the country's north, he like other vassal rulers in the south began planning to break away. However, the governor himself was assassinated by a local chief named Ma Gadu, who went on to declare independence from Pagan two years later. Brief In the late 1250s, Aleimma was an official at the court of King Narathihapate (r. 1256–1287) in Pagan (Bagan). He hailed from a line of court ministers that included the 12th century Minister Aleimma, who served at the court of King Sithu I.Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 341 In early 1259,The ''Maha Yazawin'' chronicle (Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 238) says the king, having reigned for two years, sent two armies to Missagi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mon People
The Mon ( mnw, ဂကူမည်; my, မွန်လူမျိုး, ; th, มอญ, ) are an ethnic group who inhabit Lower Myanmar's Mon State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Tanintharyi Region, Bago Region, the Irrawaddy Delta, and several areas in Thailand (mostly in Pathum Thani province, Phra Pradaeng district, Phra Pradaeng and Nong Ya Plong district, Nong Ya Plong). There are also small numbers of Mon people in West Garo Hills, calling themselves Man or Mann, who also came from Myanmar to Assam, ultimately residing in Garo Hills. The native language is Mon language, Mon, which belongs to the Monic languages, Monic branch of the Austroasiatic languages, Mon-Khmer language family and shares a common origin with the Nyah Kur language, which is spoken by the Nyah Kur people, people of the same name that live in Northeastern Thailand. A number of languages in Mainland Southeast Asia are influenced by the Mon language, which is also in turn influenced by those language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanthawaddy Kingdom
(Mon) (Burmese) , conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Hongsarwatoi (Hanthawaddy) Pegu , common_name = Hongsarwatoi (Hanthawaddy) Kingdom / Ramannya (Ramam) , era = Warring states , status = Kingdom , event_pre = , date_pre = , event_start = , year_start = 1287 , date_start = 30 January , event_end = , year_end = 1552 , date_end = 12 March , event1 = Vassal of Sukhothai , date_event1 = 1287–1298, 1307–1317, 1330 , event2 = Forty Years' War , date_event2 = 1385–1424 , event3 = Golden Age , date_event3 = 1426–1534 , event4 = War with Toungoo , date_event4 = 1534–1541 , event_post = , date_post = , p1 = Pagan Kingdom , flag_p1 = , s1 = First Toungoo Empire , flag_s1 = , image_flag = Golden Hintar flag of Burma.svg , flag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Pegu
This is a list of rulers of Pegu (Bago), one of the three main Mon-speaking provinces, located on the south-central coast of modern Myanmar. This is not a list of monarchs of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, who ruled Lower Burma from Pegu during three separate periods (1369–1539, 1550–1552, 1740–1757). Backgrounder Various Mon language chronicles state different foundation dates of Pegu (Bago), ranging from 573 CE to 1152 CE.A version of the 18th century chronicle '' Slapat Rajawan'' as reported by Arthur Phayre (Phayre 1873: 32) states that the settlement was founded in 1116 Buddhist Era (572/573 CE). But another version of the ''Slapat'', used by P.W. Schmidt (Schmidt 1906: 20, 101), states that it was founded on 1st waxing of Mak (Tabodwe) 1116 BE ( 19 January 573 CE), which it says is equivalent to year 514 of "the third era", without specifying what the era specifically was. However, per (Phayre 1873: 39), one of the "native records" used by Maj. Lloyd says that Pegu was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukhothai Kingdom
The Sukhothai Kingdom ( th, สุโขทัย, , IAST: , ) was a post-classical Thai kingdom ( mandala) in Mainland Southeast Asia surrounding the ancient capital city of Sukhothai in present-day north-central Thailand. The kingdom was founded by Si Inthrathit in 1238 and existed as an independent polity until 1438, when it fell under the influence of the neighboring Ayutthaya after the death of Borommapan (Maha Thammaracha IV). Sukhothai was originally a trade center in Lavo—itself under the suzerainty of the Khmer Empire—when Central Thai people led by Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, a local leader, revolted and gained their independence. Bang Klang Hao took the regnal name of Si Inthrathit and became the first monarch of the Phra Ruang dynasty. The kingdom was centralized and expanded to its greatest extent during the reign of Ram Khamhaeng the Great (1279–1298), who some historians considered to have introduced Theravada Buddhism and the initial Thai script to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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