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Wacław Piekarski
Wacław Piekarski (1893-1979) was a Polish military officer and a general ( generał brygady) of the Polish Army. He fought in World War I in the ranks of various Polish formations. During the Invasion of Poland and the opening stages of World War II he was the commanding officer of Polish 41st Infantry Division. After the war he remained in exile and served as the head of the house for the elderly of the Polish Humanitarian Fund in Lailly-en-Val. Wacław Piekarski was born 5 June 1893 in Pilica, then in Russian-held part of Poland. Following the outbreak of World War I he defected to Austro-Hungarian Galicia and joined the Polish Legions. In 1918 he was accepted into the Polish Army and attached to the 36th 'Academic Legion' Infantry Regiment. Between 1922 and 1924 he studied at the École Supérieure de Guerre in France. During that time, on 3 May 1922 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. In January 1925 Piekarski was attached to the Polish General Staf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generał Brygady
Generał brygady (, literally ''General of a brigade'', abbreviated gen. bryg.) is the lowest grade for generals in the Polish Army (both in the Land Forces and in the Polish Air Force). Depending on the context, it is equivalent to both the modern grade of Major General and the grade of Brigadier General (mostly in historical context). The symbols of the grade are the ''general's wavy line'' and a single star, featured on both the rogatywka Rogatywka (; sometimes translated as '' peaked cap'') is the Polish generic name for an asymmetrical, peaked, four-pointed cap used by various Polish military formations throughout the ages. It is a distant relative of its 18th-century predec ... (the military cap) and the sleeves of the dress uniform and above the breast pocket of the field uniform. Military ranks of Poland Polish generals {{mil-rank-stub de:Brigadegeneral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Polish Intelligence Services
This article covers the history of Polish Intelligence services dating back to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Commonwealth Though the first official Polish government service entrusted with espionage, intelligence and counter-intelligence was not formed until 1918, Kingdom of Poland and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth had developed networks of informants in neighbouring countries. Envoys and ambassadors had also gathered intelligence, often using bribery. Such agents included the 17th-century Polish poet Jan Andrzej Morsztyn. Polish kings and Polish–Lithuanian military commanders (''hetmans'') such as Stanisław Koniecpolski maintained intelligence networks. The ''hetmans'' were responsible for intelligence-gathering in the Ottoman Empire, its vassal states and disputed territories such as Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania. Intelligence networks also operated in Muscovy and among the restless Cossacks. In 1683, during the Battle of Vienna, the Polish me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
33rd Infantry Division (Poland)
The 33rd Infantry Division was a reserve infantry division of the Polish Army in the final days of the Second Polish Republic. It was not part of peacetime structure of the army, and was formed on August 24–27, 1939, out of units stationed at military districts I (Warsaw) and III (Grodno). It consisted mainly of Border Protection Corps battalions, together with students of Central Border Protection Corps Officer School ( Osowiec) and 32nd Light Artillery from Rembertów. According to the operational plan of the Polish Army, the Division, commanded by Colonel Tadeusz Zieleniewski became part of Independent Operational Group Narew, as a reserve unit. In late August 1939, it concentrated in Czerwony Bór, and was tasked with defending the area of Ostrołęka, Łomża and Nowogród. One of divisional units was sent to Osowiec Fortress. In the first three days of the Invasion of Poland, the division had limited contact with the enemy. On September 5, it was ordered to attack the 3rd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 7th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is an Alpha global city, a major cultural, political and economic hub, and the country's seat of government. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th century, when Sigismund III decided to move the Polish capital and his royal court from Kraków. Warsaw served as the de facto capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, and subsequently as the seat of Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grodno
Grodno (russian: Гродно, pl, Grodno; lt, Gardinas) or Hrodna ( be, Гродна ), is a city in western Belarus. The city is located on the Neman River, 300 km (186 mi) from Minsk, about 15 km (9 mi) from the Polish border and 30 km (19 mi) away from Lithuania. In 2019 the city had 373,547 inhabitants. Grodno is the capital of Grodno Region and Grodno District. Alternative names In Belarusian Classical Orthography (Taraškievica) the city is named as (Horadnia). In Latin it was also known as (), in Polish as , in Lithuanian as , in Latvian as , in German as , and in Yiddish as (Grodne). History The modern city of Gordno originated as a small fortress and a fortified trading outpost maintained by the Rurikid princes on the border with the lands of the Baltic tribal union of the Yotvingians. The first reference to Grodno dates to 1005.word The official foundation year is 1127. In this year Grodno was mentioned in the Primary Chronicle as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
29th Infantry Division (Poland)
29th Grodno Infantry Division (Polish: ''29 Grodzienska Dywizja Piechoty'') was a unit of the Polish Army during the interbellum period. It was created in early 1920s, after the army of Republic of Central Lithuania was absorbed by the Polish Army. The newly created unit took over regiments that had been part of 1st Lithuanian-Belarusian Infantry Division. The 29th I.D. was stationed in Grodno, with one regiment garrisoned in Suwałki. It consisted of these units: * 41st Suwałki Infantry Regiment of Marshall Józef Piłsudski, stationed in Suwałki, * 76th Lida Infantry Regiment of Ludwik Narbutt, stationed in Grodno, * 81st Grodno Rifles Regiment of King Stefan Batory, stationed in Grodno, * 29th Light Artillery Regiment, stationed in Grodno. Polish September Campaign In August 1939 the Division, under Colonel Ignacy Oziewicz, was transferred to the reserve Prusy Army of General Stefan Dąb-Biernacki. On September 1, first day of the war, it unloaded from trains in the area of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanyslaviv
Ivano-Frankivsk ( uk, Іва́но-Франкі́вськ, translit=Iváno-Frankívśk ), formerly Stanyslaviv ( pl, Stanisławów ; german: Stanislau), is a city located in Western Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast and Ivano-Frankivsk Raion. Ivano-Frankivsk hosts the administration of Ivano-Frankivsk urban hromada. Its population is Built in the mid-17th century as a fortress of the Polish Potocki family, Stanisławów was annexed to the Habsburg Empire during the First Partition of Poland in 1772, after which it became the property of the State within the Austrian Empire. The fortress was slowly transformed into one of the most prominent cities at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. After World War I, for several months, it served as a temporary capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Following the Peace of Riga in 1921, Stanisławów became part of the Second Polish Republic. After the Soviet invasion of Poland at the ons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th Infantry Division (Poland)
The 11th Carpathian Infantry Division (Polish ''11 Karpacka Dywizja Piechoty''), was a tactical unit of the Polish Army in the interbellum period, which fought in the Invasion of Poland in 1939. Elements of the unit would go on to serve in the Polish Armed Forces in the East. Composition Its headquarters were located in Stanisławów, with some regiments stationed in nearby locations, such as Stryj and Kolomyja. It consisted of these regiments: * 48th Kresy Rifle Regiment, stationed in Stanisławów, commanded by Colonel Walenty Nowak, * 49th Hutsul Rifle Regiment, stationed in Kolomyja, * 53rd Kresy Rifle Regiment, stationed in Stryj, * 11th Carpathian Light Artillery Regiment, stationed in Stanisławów, * 11th Heavy Artillery Regiment, * 11th Sapper Battalion, * 11th Motor Battery of Antiaircraft Artillery, * squadron of cavalry, made up of soldiers of Border Defence Corps from Zaleszczyki. Polish September Campaign The division, under Colonel Bronisław Prugar-Ketling ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czortków
Chortkiv ( uk, Чортків; pl, Czortków; yi, ''Chortkov'') is a city in Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Chortkiv Raion (district), housing the district's local administration buildings. Chortkiv hosts the administration of Chortkiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: Chortkiv is located in the northern part of the historic region of Galician Podolia on the banks of the Seret River. In the past Chortkiv was the home of many Hasidic Jews; it was a notable shtetl and had a significant number of Jews residing there prior to the Holocaust. Today, Chortkiv is a regional commercial and small-scale manufacturing center. Among its architectural monuments is a fortress built in the 16th and 17th centuries as well as historic wooden churches of the 17th and 18th centuries. History The first historical mention of Chortkiv dates to 1522, when Polish King Sigismund I the Old granted an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Border Defence Corps
The Border Protection Corps ( pl, Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza, KOP) was a military formation of the Second Polish Republic that was created in 1924 to defend the country's eastern borders against armed Soviet incursions and local bandits. Other borders were under the jurisdiction of a separate, regular Border Guard state security agency. Though the corps was part of the Polish Army, it was commanded directly by the Ministry of Internal Affairs rather than the Ministry of National Defence. It consisted of elite soldiers from all parts of Poland. Initially ''KOP'' comprised 6 brigades and 5 regiments, each guarding part of the borders with the Soviet Union. ''KOP'' ceased to exist with the fall of Poland in September 1939. History Founding After the Polish–Soviet War, the Polish eastern frontier was stretched from the border with Latvia to the north, to the Prut river and Romanian border to the south. Although the peace treaty had been signed, the eastern border of Poland was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pułkownik
''Polkovnik'' (russian: полковник, lit=regimentary; pl, pułkownik) is a military rank used mostly in Slavic-speaking countries which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states and oberst in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries. The term originates from an ancient Slavic word for a group of soldiers and folk. However, in Cossack Hetmanate and Sloboda Ukraine, ''polkovnyk'' was an administrative rank similar to a governor. Usually this word is translated as colonel, however the transliteration is also in common usage, for the sake of the historical and social context. ''Polkovnik'' began as a commander of a distinct group of troops (''polk''), arranged for battle. The exact name of this rank maintains a variety of spellings in different languages, but all descend from the Old Slavonic word ''polk'' (literally: regiment sized unit), and include the following in alphabetical order: # Belarus — # Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarnopol
Ternópil ( uk, Тернопіль, Ternopil' ; pl, Tarnopol; yi, טאַרנאָפּל, Tarnopl, or ; he, טארנופול (טַרְנוֹפּוֹל), Tarnopol; german: Tarnopol) is a city in the west of Ukraine. Administratively, Ternopil serves as the administrative centre of Ternopil Oblast and has the status of city of oblast significance. Located on the banks of the Seret. Until 1944, it was known mostly as Tarnopol. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia and Podolia. It is served by Ternopil Airport. The population of Ternópil was estimated at . Administrative status The city is the administrative center of Ternopil Oblast (region), as well as of surrounding Ternopil Raion (district) within the oblast. It hosts the administration of Ternopil urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Demography According to Ukrainian Census (2001), Ternopil city and Ternopil oblast are homogeneously populated by ethnic Uk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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