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Virjal
Virjal or ''Viryal'' ( cv, вир '' ir' — upper, west and cv, ял '' al' — village, community) — a part of Chuvash people. Denomination "Virjal", i. e. upper, living upstream of Volga River, is opposed to Anatri ( cv, анат ''nat' — lower, east), i. e. Lower Chuvash, living downstream of Volga River. Origin Some scientists suggest Upper Chuvash descend from Hill Maris, assimilated by Chuvashs. Anthropological analysis via mathematical simulation suggests Hill Maris and Upper Chuvashs are represented by the same anthropological type. Historical evidence Russian chronicles refer to Upper Chuvashs and Hill Maris as "cheremisa gorniaya" ("черемиса горняя", literally ''Hill Cheremis''). Traditional dress Virjal women's dress cut is virtually the same as Hill Mari women's dress as Nina Gagen-TornГаген-Торн Н. И. Женская одежда народов Поволжья. — Чебоксары, 1960. and others refer. Virjal and Hill Mari had s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virjal Shevlisem
Viryal shevlisem ( cv, шевлесем (patches of light, cv, вирьял ( Virjal) - riding Chuvashs) is an interregional festival of performers of the Chuvash variety song, carried out annually at the beginning of summer in Alikovo's village (the Alikovsky District of the Chuvash republic). Founders: The culture, nationalities, information policy and archival business ministry of the Chuvash Republic, administration of the Alikovsky District. History The festival has arisen in 1997 as regional review-competition of the Chuvash variety song. Winning in the course of time more and more admirers it has taken a place appropriate to in cultural space of area and being recognized far outside of republic, became more and more appreciable event in musical life of Chuvash Republic. The holiday of variety creativity on the scene collects every year the increasing number of contestants, expanding popularity. During the existence the festival has accepted more than 2500 participants at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatri
Anatri ( cv, анат ''nat' — lower, east) — a part of Chuvash people. Denomination "Anatri", i. e. lower, living downstream of Volga River, is opposed to ''Virjal Virjal or ''Viryal'' ( cv, вир '' ir' — upper, west and cv, ял '' al' — village, community) — a part of Chuvash people. Denomination "Virjal", i. e. upper, living upstream of Volga River, is opposed to Anatri ( cv, анат ''nat' — ...'' or ''Viryal'' ( cv, вир '' ir' — upper, west and cv, ял '' al' — village, community), i. e. Upper Chuvash, living upstream of Volga River. Ethnographers distinguish 3 subgroups: northern (between the Anish and Uryum rivers); underwood (подлесная in Russian) or western (between the rivers of Bolshaya Bula and Karla); southern or steppe (khirti in Chuvash) (interfluve of Kubnya and Karla) Traditional dress The girl's costume is based on the chemise, with the addition of an apron, ornaments hanging from the sash, neck and shoulder, and a helmet s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anat Jenchi
Middle-low Chuvash ( ''Anat Jenchi'' ) - are a sub-ethnos of the Chuvash. Their native area of settlement is in the northeast of Chuvashia. As a result of migrations, representatives of the middle-lower Chuvash have also settled in many other parts of the Southern Urals and Volga regions. Culture {{Infobox ethnic group , group = Middle Chuvash''Anat Jenchi'' , native_name = , image = Costume of an Anat Jenchi married woman..png , regions = {{flagcountry, Russia, {{flagcountry, Chuvashia , languages = Chuvash , religions = Russian Orthodox, Chuvash Paganism , related_groups = Anatri, Virjal, Volga Tatars The Volga Tatars or simply Tatars ( tt-Cyrl, татарлар, tatarlar) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Volga-Ural region of Russia. They are subdivided into various subgroups. Volga Tatars are Russia's second-largest ethnicity after t ..., Mari Traditional dress It is believed that the traditional cloth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuvash People
The Chuvash people ( , ; cv, чӑваш ; russian: чуваши ) are a Turkic ethnic group, a branch of Oghurs, native to an area stretching from the Volga-Ural region to Siberia. Most of them live in Chuvashia and the surrounding areas, although Chuvash communities may be found throughout the Russian Federation. They speak Chuvash, a unique Turkic language that diverged from other languages in the family more than a millennium ago. Etymology There is no universally accepted etymology of the word ''Chuvash'', but there are three main theories. The popular theory accepted by Chuvash people suggests that ''Chuvash'' is a Shaz-Turkic adaptation of Lir-Turkic ''Suvar'' (Sabir people), an ethnonym of people that are widely considered to be the ancestors of modern Chuvash people. Compare Lir-Turkic Chuvash: ''huran'' to Shaz-Turkic Tatar: ''qazan'' (‘cauldron’). One theory suggests that the word ''Chuvash'' may be derived from Common Turkic ''jăvaš'' ('friendly', 'pea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anat Jenchi
Middle-low Chuvash ( ''Anat Jenchi'' ) - are a sub-ethnos of the Chuvash. Their native area of settlement is in the northeast of Chuvashia. As a result of migrations, representatives of the middle-lower Chuvash have also settled in many other parts of the Southern Urals and Volga regions. Culture {{Infobox ethnic group , group = Middle Chuvash''Anat Jenchi'' , native_name = , image = Costume of an Anat Jenchi married woman..png , regions = {{flagcountry, Russia, {{flagcountry, Chuvashia , languages = Chuvash , religions = Russian Orthodox, Chuvash Paganism , related_groups = Anatri, Virjal, Volga Tatars The Volga Tatars or simply Tatars ( tt-Cyrl, татарлар, tatarlar) are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Volga-Ural region of Russia. They are subdivided into various subgroups. Volga Tatars are Russia's second-largest ethnicity after t ..., Mari Traditional dress It is believed that the traditional cloth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Simon Pallas
Peter Simon Pallas Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS FRSE (22 September 1741 – 8 September 1811) was a Prussian zoologist and botanist who worked in Russia between 1767 and 1810. Life and work Peter Simon Pallas was born in Berlin, the son of Professor of Surgery Simon Pallas. He studied with private tutors and took an interest in natural history, later attending the University of Halle and the University of Göttingen. In 1760, he moved to the University of Leiden and passed his doctor's degree at the age of 19. Pallas travelled throughout the Netherlands and to London, improving his medical and surgical knowledge. He then settled at The Hague, and his new system of animal classification was praised by Georges Cuvier. Pallas wrote ''Miscellanea Zoologica'' (1766), which included descriptions of several vertebrates new to science which he had discovered in the Dutch museum collections. A planned voyage to southern Africa and the East Indies fell through when his father reca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kama River
The Kama (russian: Ка́ма, ; tt-Cyrl, Чулман, ''Çulman''; udm, Кам) is a long«Река КАМА» Russian State Water Registry river in . It has a drainage basin of . It is the longest of the and the largest one in discharge. At their confluence, in fact, the Kama is even larger than the Volga. It starts in the |
Turkic Languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and Western Asia. The Turkic languages originated in a region of East Asia spanning from Mongolia to Northwest China, where Proto-Turkic is thought to have been spoken, from where they expanded to Central Asia and farther west during the first millennium. They are characterized as a dialect continuum. Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 million people. The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is Turkish language, Turkish, spoken mainly in Anatolia and the Balkans; its native speakers account for about 38% of all Turkic speakers. Characteristic features such as vowel harmony, agglutination, subject-object-verb order, and lack of grammatical gender, are almost universal within the Turkic family. There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility, upon mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria, was a historic Bulgar state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Volga Bulgaria was a multi-ethnic state with large numbers of Turkic Bulgars, a variety of Finnic and Ugric peoples, and many East Slavs. Its strategic position of allowed it to create a monopoly between the trade of Arabs, Norse and Avars. History Origin and creation of the state The Bulgars were Turkic tribes of Oghuric origin, who settled north of the Black Sea. During their westward migration across the Eurasian steppe, they came under the overlordship of the Khazars, leading other ethnic groups, including Finnic and Iranic peoples. In about 630 they founded Old Great Bulgaria, which was destroyed by the Khazars in 668. Kubrat's son and appointed heir, Batbayan Bezmer, moved from the Azov region in about AD 665, commanded by the Kazarig Khagan Kotrag, to whom he had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Invasion Of Rus'
The Mongol Empire invaded and conquered Kievan Rus' in the 13th century, destroying numerous southern cities, including the largest cities, Kiev (50,000 inhabitants) and Chernihiv (30,000 inhabitants), with the only major cities escaping destruction being Novgorod and Pskov, located in the north. The campaign was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River in May 1223, which resulted in a Mongol victory over the forces of several Rus' principalities as well as the remnants of the Cumans under Köten. The Mongols retreated, having gathered their intelligence, which was the purpose of the reconnaissance-in-force. A full-scale invasion of Rus' by Batu Khan followed, from 1237 to 1242. The invasion was ended by the Mongol succession process upon the death of Ögedei Khan. All Rus' principalities were forced to submit to Mongol rule and became vassals of the Golden Horde, some of which lasted until 1480. The invasion, facilitated by the beginning of the breakup of Kievan Rus' in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mordvins
The Mordvins (also Unified Mordvin people, Mordvinians, Mordovians; russian: мордва, Mordva, Mordvins (no equivalents in Moksha and Erzya)) is an obsolete but official term used in the Russian Federation to refer both to Erzyas and Mokshas since 1928 until the 2010s. Origin of the term According to recent Oxford studies: Erzya-Moksha Autonomy The Erzya-Moksha Autonomy was approved in 1928 as Mordvin Okrug according to personal position of Josef Stalin, who attended the meeting. Deputy president of Supreme Court of Mordovia Vasily Martyshkin quotes Stalin and Timofey Vasilyev. Since Mokshas and Erzyas lived sparcely in many governorates Stalin believed it was impossible to establish many autonomous districts. And that was Mikifor Surdin, ethnic Moksha who proposed to establish not Erzya-Moksha autonomy, but a Mordvin okrug. Stalin liked his variant. That is what he has been being cursed till now in spite of the fact he was executed during the Great Purge. That w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horse
The horse (''Equus ferus caballus'') is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of ''Equus ferus''. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, ''Eohippus'', into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BCE, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies ''caballus'' are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior. Horses are adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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