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Victor Fayod
Victor Fayod (23 November 1860 – 28 April 1900) was a Swiss mycologist, who created an influential novel classification of the agaric fungi and who described a number of new genera and species. Biographical overview Fayod was born on 23 November 1860 in Salaz, which is a small locality close to Bex in the Swiss canton of Vaud. He was a grandson of a famous Swiss geologist, Johann von Charpentier. After attending school in Bex and Lausanne, he studied Mathematics and later Silviculture at Zürich polytechnic. He was strongly interested in botany and mycology, but his work in those areas had to be conducted in a private capacity. Fayod first worked with Heinrich Anton de Bary (1831–1888) in Strasbourg from 1881 to 1882, then as a tutor. He took a series of biology-related posts in Bad Cannstatt, Normandy, Nervi, the "Valli Valdesi" (in the Cottian Alps), and Genoa. He also assisted French bacteriologist André Chantemesse (1851–1919) in Paris. After working in a den ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Switzerland
). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel, St. Gallen a.o.). , coordinates = , largest_city = Zürich , official_languages = , englishmotto = "One for all, all for one" , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , religion = , demonym = , german: Schweizer/Schweizerin, french: Suisse/Suissesse, it, svizzero/svizzera or , rm, Svizzer/Svizra , government_type = Federalism, Federal assembly-independent Directorial system, directorial republic with elements of a direct democracy , leader_title1 = Federal Council (Switzerland), Federal Council , leader_name1 = , leader_title2 = , leader_name2 = Walter Thurnherr , legislature = Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Chantemesse
André Chantemesse (23 October 1851 – 25 February 1919) was a French bacteriologist born in Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire. From 1880 to 1885 he served as ''interne des hôpitaux'' in Paris, earning his doctorate in 1884 with a dissertation on adult tuberculous meningitis titled ''Étude sur la méningite tuberculeuse de l'adulte : les formes anormales en particulier''. In 1885 he traveled to Berlin to study bacteriology at the laboratory of Robert Koch (1843–1910). After his return to Paris, he became associated with the work of Louis Pasteur. In 1886, he began extensive research of typhoid fever. In collaboration with Georges-Fernand Widal (1862–1929), he studied the aetiology of the disease, and in 1888 developed an experimental antityphoid inoculation. Also with Widal, he isolated the bacillus that was the cause of dysentery, however the two scientists were unable to establish the aetiological link to the disease. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schinzinia
''Schinzinia'' is a fungal genus in the family Agaricaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species ''Schinzinia pustulosa'' . The genus and the species were circumscribed by Victor Fayod in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser.7, vol.9 on page 365 in 1889. The genus name of ''Schinzinia'' is in honour of Hans Schinz (1858–1941), who was a Swiss explorer and botanist and was a native of Zürich. See also *List of Agaricaceae genera *List of Agaricales genera This is a list of mushroom-forming fungi genera in the order Agaricales. Genera * See also * List of Agaricales families References Notes References {{reflist, 2, refs= {{cite journal , last=Agerer , first=R. , year=1983 , title=Beitrag zur ... References Agaricaceae Monotypic Agaricales genera {{Agaricaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pholiotina
''Pholiotina'' is a genus of small agaric fungi. It was circumscribed by Swiss mycologist Victor Fayod in 1889 for ''Conocybe''-like species with partial veils. The genus has since been expanded to include species lacking partial veils. Taxonomic details The genus ''Pholiotina'' is defined as small thin ''Mycena''-like mushrooms, with an hymenoderm pileipellis, a dry pileus (mycology), cap surface, cystidia that are sub-capitate to blunt, and spores which are rusty brown in spore print, deposit. Spores of mushrooms of this genus are thick walled, smooth and have a germ pore. Victor Fayod designated ''Pholiotina blattaria'' as the type species of ''Pholiotina'', but this name was used for many different species of ''Pholiotina'' with partial veils and it is unclear which species is really ''P. blattaria'', which makes it a nomen dubium. He designated a lectotype for this species in the same publication, and microscopic examination revealed that this specimen belongs to the spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omphalotus
''Omphalotus'' is a genus of basidiomycete mushroom, in the family Marasmiaceae, formally circumscribed by Victor Fayod in 1889. Members have the traditional cap and stem structure. They are saprobic, and fruit in clumps on the ground, adjacent to host trees. The best known and type species is the jack-o'-lantern mushroom ''(Omphalotus olearius)''. Species of ''Omphalotus'' have been mistaken for chanterelles. All ''Omphalotus'' species are presumed poisonous, causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Some ''Omphalotus'' species have bioluminescent properties. Taxonomy Victor Fayod originally erected the genus with '' Pleurotus olearius'' and '' P. eryngii'' as its principal species in 1889, placing it in a ''tribus'' ("alliance") with the genera '' Pleurotus'' and '' Pleurotellus''. The relationships of the genus have become clearer with genetic analysis. Rolf Singer placed it and the related ''Lampteromyces'' in the Boletales due to the presence of the pigment variegatic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delicatula
''Delicatula'' is a genus of fungi in the family Tricholomataceae. It was first described by Swiss mycologist Victor Fayod in 1889. The genus contains two widely distributed species. See also *List of Agaricales genera *List of Tricholomataceae genera The Tricholomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. A 2008 estimate placed 78 genera and 1020 species in the family. In 2014, Sánchez-García and colleagues proposed a revised classification of the Tricholomataceae with seven gener ... References Tricholomataceae Agaricales genera {{Tricholomataceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystoderma
''Cystoderma'' is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae or Cystodermataceae. Its family position is in doubt and the family "Cystodermataceae" and tribe "Cystodermateae" have been proposed to include this group following recent molecular work. Previously ''Cystoderma'' comprised a wider range of species but in 2002 Harmaja separated some of them off into the new genus '' Cystodermella'' (for instance '' Cystoderma cinnabarinum'', ''C. elegans'' and '' C. granulosum''). The separation was made largely on the basis that the spores in the new genus were not at all amyloid. Those remaining in ''Cystoderma'' have weakly to strongly amyloid spores, tend to have a persistent ring and to have arthroconidia. DNA analysis supports the division into the two groups, but further investigation has shown that none of the morphological characteristics distinguish between them in a consistent clear-cut way. The name probably comes from the Greek ''kýstis'' meaning ''pouch'' and ''derma' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agrocybe
''Agrocybe'' is a genus of mushrooms in the family Strophariaceae (previously placed in the Bolbitiaceae). The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains about 100 species. Distribution Mushroom cultivation began with the Romans and Greeks, who grew the small ''Agrocybe aegerita''. The Romans believed that fungi fruited when lightning struck. In Europe, toxic forms are not normally found, but ''Agrocybe molesta'' could be confused with poisonous white ''Agaricus'' species or with poisonous ''Amanita'' species. The edible southern species ''Agrocybe aegerita'' is commonly known as the Poplar mushroom, Chestnut mushroom or Velvet pioppino (Chinese: 茶樹菇). It is a white rot fungus and is a medium-sized agaric with a convex, almost flat, cap 3 to 10 cm in diameter. Underneath, it has numerous whitish radial plates adherent to the foot, later turning to a brownish-gray color, and light elliptic spores of 8-11 by 5-7 micrometres. The white fiber foot is generally cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agarics
An agaric () is a type of fungus fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. In the UK, agarics are called "mushrooms" or "toadstools". In North America they are typically called "gilled mushrooms". "Agaric" can also refer to a basidiomycete species characterized by an agaric-type fruiting body. Archaically, agaric meant 'tree-fungus' (after Latin ''agaricum''); however, that changed with the Linnaean interpretation in 1753 when Linnaeus used the generic name ''Agaricus'' for gilled mushrooms. Most species of agaricus belong to the order Agaricales in the subphylum Agaricomycotina. The exceptions, where agarics have evolved independently, feature largely in the orders Russulales, Boletales, Hymenochaetales, and several other groups of basidiomycetes. Old systems of classification placed all agarics in the Agaricales and some (mostly older) sources use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prodrome
In medicine, a prodrome is an early sign or symptom (or set of signs and symptoms) that often indicates the onset of a disease before more diagnostically specific signs and symptoms develop. It is derived from the Greek word ''prodromos'', meaning "running before". Prodromes may be non-specific symptoms or, in a few instances, may clearly indicate a particular disease, such as the prodromal migraine aura. For example, fever, malaise, headache and lack of appetite frequently occur in the prodrome of many infective disorders. A prodrome can be the early precursor to an episode of a chronic neurological disorder such as a migraine headache or an epileptic seizure, where prodrome symptoms may include euphoria or other changes in mood, insomnia, abdominal sensations, disorientation, aphasia, or photosensitivity. Such a prodrome occurs on a scale of days to an hour before the episode, where an aura occurs more immediate to it. Prodromal labour, mistakenly called "false labour," refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spores
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and protozoa. Bacterial spores are not part of a sexual cycle, but are resistant structures used for survival under unfavourable conditions. Myxozoan spores release amoeboid infectious germs ("amoebulae") into their hosts for parasitic infection, but also reproduce within the hosts through the pairing of two nuclei within the plasmodium, which develops from the amoebula. In plants, spores are usually haploid and unicellular and are produced by meiosis in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte. Under favourable conditions the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes. Two gametes fuse to form a zygote which develops into a new spor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystidia
A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are often unique to a particular species or genus, they are a useful micromorphological characteristic in the identification of basidiomycetes. In general, the adaptive significance of cystidia is not well understood. Classification of cystidia By position Cystidia may occur on the edge of a lamella (or analogous hymenophoral structure) (cheilocystidia), on the face of a lamella (pleurocystidia), on the surface of the cap (dermatocystidia or pileocystidia), on the margin of the cap (circumcystidia) or on the stipe (caulocystidia). Especially the pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia are important for identification within many genera. Sometimes the cheilocystidia give the gill edge a distinct colour which is visible to the naked eye or wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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