André Chantemesse (23 October 1851 – 25 February 1919) was a French

bacteriologist A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology -- a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically Pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic ones. Bacteriologists are interested in studying and learnin ...

born in

Le Puy-en-Velay Le Puy-en-Velay (, literally ''Le Puy in Velay''; oc, Lo Puèi de Velai ) is the prefecture of the Haute-Loire department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France. Located near the river Loire, the city is famous for its ca ...

Haute-Loire Haute-Loire (; oc, Naut Léger or ''Naut Leir''; English: Upper Loire) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France. Named after the Loire River, it is surrounded by the departments of Loire, Ardèche ...

. From 1880 to 1885 he served as ''interne des hôpitaux'' in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

, earning his doctorate in 1884 with a dissertation on adult

tuberculous meningitis Tuberculous meningitis, also known as TB meningitis or tubercular meningitis, is a specific type of bacterial meningitis caused by the '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' infection of the meninges—the system of membranes which envelop the central ...

titled ''Étude sur la méningite tuberculeuse de l'adulte : les formes anormales en particulier''. In 1885 he traveled to

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

to study bacteriology at the laboratory of

Robert Koch Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch ( , ; 11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist. As the discoverer of the specific causative agents of deadly infectious diseases including tuberculosis, cholera (though the Vibrio ...

(1843–1910). After his return to Paris, he became associated with the work of

Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur (, ; 27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization, the latter of which was named afte ...

. In 1886, he began extensive research of

typhoid fever Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several ...

. In collaboration with

Georges-Fernand Widal Georges-Fernand-Isidor Widal (March 9, 1862 in Dellys, Algeria – January 14, 1929 in Paris ) was a French people, French physician. From 1886 to 1888 he devoted himself to public demonstrations of the researches of the faculty of pathological a ...

(1862–1929), he studied the aetiology of the disease, and in 1888 developed an experimental antityphoid

inoculation Inoculation is the act of implanting a pathogen or other microorganism. It may refer to methods of artificially inducing immunity against various infectious diseases, or it may be used to describe the spreading of disease, as in "self-inoculati ...

. Also with Widal, he isolated the

bacillus ''Bacillus'' (Latin "stick") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum ''Bacillota'', with 266 named species. The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of other so-shaped bacteria; and the plural ''Bacilli ...

that was the cause of

dysentery Dysentery (UK pronunciation: , US: ), historically known as the bloody flux, is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea. Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. Complications ...

, however the two scientists were unable to establish the aetiological link to the disease.''Georges Fernand Isidore Widal''
@

Who Named It ''Whonamedit?'' is an online English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the people associated with their identification. Though it is a dictionary, many eponyms and persons are presented in extensive articles with comprehensive bibliograph ...

From 1897 to 1903 he was a professor of comparative and experimental

pathology Pathology is the study of the causes and effects of disease or injury. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in ...

in Paris, becoming a member of the

Académie de Médecine An academy ( Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy ...

in 1901. In 1904 he became a member of the editorial board of ''Annales de l'

Institut Pasteur The Pasteur Institute (french: Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who invented pasteurization and vaccines fo ...

''. His likeness, together with the rest of the Paris Faculty of Medicine, was included in a 1904 painting by Adrien Barrère. The image was intended to be satirical and the assembled professors give the impression of family butchers. Adrien Barrère33c

Selected works

* ''De l’immunité contre le virus de la fièvre typhoïde conférée par des substances solubles''. (with Georges-Fernand Widal; Annales de l’Institut Pasteur, Paris, 1888, 2: 54–59. experimental antityphoid inoculation). * ''Sur les microbes de la dysentérie épidémique''. Bulletin de l’Académie de médecine, Paris, 1888, 19: 522–529. * ''Bibliothèque de la Tuberculose''. 1910, a collection of monographs devoted to

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by '' Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in ...

, with Antonin Poncet &

Frédéric Justin Collet Frédéric Justin Collet (28 April 1870 – 1966) was a French pathologist and otolaryngologist. He studied medicine in Lyon, where he had as instructors Raphaël Lépine (1851–1919), and Antonin Poncet (1849–1913). In 1894 he obtained his ...

References

External links

Portail Institut Pasteur
(chronological biography). 1851 births 1919 deaths Deaths from Spanish flu People from Le Puy-en-Velay French microbiologists University of Paris alumni Academic staff of the University of Paris {{France-biologist-stub

Selected works

See also

References

External links