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Veolia Transport Nederland
Veolia Transport Nederland was one of the two Transdev operations in the Netherlands operating bus, train and ferry services. It was a subsidiary of Transdev Netherlands. It ceased in December 2016 with the remaining operations rebranded as Connexxion, also another subsidiary of Transdev Netherlands. History CGEA Transport commenced operating in the Netherlands in 1997 when it purchased a 70% shareholding in train company Lovers Rail that operated the ''Kennemerstrand Express'' from Amsterdam to IJmuiden and the ''Keukenhof Express'' from Amsterdam to Lisse for the Keukenhof between March and May. In May 1998 it began operating the ''Spaarne Express'' from Amsterdam to Haarlem. All of these ceased in 1999. Veolia Transport Nederland then bought bus companies BBA, Limex and Stadsbus Maastricht. It continued to use the existing brand names for a while. Subsidiary Veolia Cargo Nederland BV operated freight trains on various routes. It was sold in 2009 to SNCF Geodis. In 2012 it ...
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Breda
Breda () is a city and municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Brabant. The name derived from ''brede Aa'' ('wide Aa' or 'broad Aa') and refers to the confluence of the rivers Mark and Aa. Breda has 185,072 inhabitants on 13 September 2022 and is part of the Brabantse Stedenrij; it is the ninth largest city/municipality in the country, and the third largest in North Brabant after Eindhoven and Tilburg. It is equidistant between Rotterdam and Antwerp. As a fortified city, it was of strategic military and political significance. Although a direct Fiefdom of the Holy Roman Emperor, the city obtained a municipal charter; the acquisition of Breda, through marriage, by the House of Nassau ensured that Breda would be at the centre of political and social life in the Low Countries. Breda had a population of in ; the metropolitan area had a population of . History In the 11th century, Breda was a direct fief of the Holy Roman Emperor ...
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Limburg (Netherlands)
Limburg (, ) is the southernmost of the twelve provinces of the Netherlands. It is bordered by Gelderland to the north and by North Brabant to its west. Its long eastern boundary forms the international border with the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. To the west is the international border with the similarly named Belgian province of Limburg, part of which is delineated by the river Meuse. The Vaalserberg is on the extreme southeastern point, marking the tripoint of the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. Limburg's main municipalities are the provincial capital Maastricht (population 120,837 as of January 2022), Venlo (population 102,176) in the northeast, as well as Sittard-Geleen (population 91,760, bordering both Belgium and Germany) and Heerlen (population 86,874) in the south. More than half of the population, approximately 650,000 people, live in the south of Limburg, which corresponds to roughly one-third of the province's area proper. In South Limburg, most peop ...
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Harderwijk
Harderwijk (; Dutch Low Saxon: ) is a municipality and city of the Netherlands. It is served by the Harderwijk railway station. Its population centres are Harderwijk and Hierden. Harderwijk is on the western boundary of the Veluwe. The southeastern half of the municipality is largely forests. History Harderwijk received city rights from Count Otto II of Guelders in 1231. A defensive wall surrounding the city was completed by the end of that century. The oldest part of the city is near where the streets Hoogstraat and Grote Poortstraat now are. Around 1315 the city was expanded southwards, which included the construction of what is now called the Grote Kerk (Great Church). A second, northward expansion took place around 1425. Particularly along the west side of town, much of the wall still exists but often not in entirely original form. That also goes for the only remaining city gate, the Vischpoort (Fish Gate). Between 1648 and 1811, the University of Harderwijk operated in ...
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Apeldoorn
Apeldoorn (; Dutch Low Saxon: ) is a municipality and city in the province of Gelderland in the centre of the Netherlands. It is located about 60 km east of Utrecht, 60 km west of Enschede, 25 km north of Arnhem and 35 km south of Zwolle. The municipality of Apeldoorn, including villages like Beekbergen, Loenen (Apeldoorn), Loenen, Ugchelen and Hoenderloo, had a population of 165,525 on 1 December 2021. The western half of the municipality lies on the Veluwe ridge, with the eastern half in the IJssel valley. The city of Apeldoorn The oldest known reference to Apeldoorn, then called Appoldro, dates from the 8th century. The settlement came into being at the point where the old road from Amersfoort to Deventer crossed that from Arnhem to Zwolle. A 1740 map refers to it as A''pp''eldoorn.Stenvert, R. et al. (2000). ''Monumenten in Nederland: Gelderland'', p. 14 and 68–77. Zwolle: Waanders Uitgevers. Close by is the favourite country-seat of the royal family of the Ne ...
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Syntus
Keolis Nederland is a public transport company operating bus and passenger train services in the Netherlands. Originally created as Syntus and owned by Connexxion, Keolis and Nederlandse Spoorwegen, since 2012 Keolis Nederland has been a 100% subsidiary of Keolis. Syntus is an acronym for Synergy between Train and Bus. History In 1991 Geldersche Streekvervoer Maatschappij (GSM) and the Dutch Railways started a transport integration project called Integratie Gelderland Oost. Integration between train and bus was the main goal. GSM later merged with Gemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf Arnhem to form Gelderse Vervoersmaatschappij. In 1999 Syntus commenced rail operations, Connexxion, Keolis and Nederlandse Spoorwegen each owning one-third. In 2007 Connexxion's share was purchased by Keolis and Nederlandse Spoorwegen. In 2012 Keolis purchased Nederlandse Spoorwegen's 50% share. In October 2017, Syntus was rebranded Keolis Nederland with a new visual identity. Visgraatmodel Syntus propaga ...
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Veluwe
The Veluwe () is a forest-rich ridge of hills (1100 km2) in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. The Veluwe features many different landscapes, including woodland, heath, some small lakes and Europe's largest sand drifts. The Veluwe is the largest push moraine complex in the Netherlands, stretching 60 km from north to south, and reaching heights of up to 110 metres. The Veluwe was formed by the Saalian glacial during the Pleistocene epoch, some 200,000 years ago. Glaciers some 200 metres thick pushed the sand deposits in the Rhine and Maas Delta sideways, creating the hills which now form most of the Veluwe. Because the hills are made of sand, rain water disappears rapidly, and then it flows at a depth of tens of metres to the edges where it reaches the surface again. Originally the Veluwe was surrounded by a string of swamps, heavily populated with game such as deer and wild boar because these areas offered rich vegetation to feed on. Since the 1990s many p ...
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Gelderland
Gelderland (), also known as Guelders () in English, is a province of the Netherlands, occupying the centre-east of the country. With a total area of of which is water, it is the largest province of the Netherlands by land area, and second by total area. Gelderland shares borders with six other provinces ( Flevoland, Limburg, North Brabant, Overijssel, South Holland and Utrecht) and the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The capital is Arnhem (pop. 159,265); however, Nijmegen (pop. 176,731) and Apeldoorn (pop. 162,445) are both larger municipalities. Other major regional centres in Gelderland are Ede, Doetinchem, Zutphen, Harderwijk, Tiel, Wageningen, Zevenaar, and Winterswijk. Gelderland had a population of 2,084,478 as of November 2019. It contains the Netherlands's largest forest region (the Veluwe), the Rhine and other major rivers, and a significant amount of orchards in the south ( Betuwe). History Historically, the province dates from states of the Holy Roman ...
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Railway Gazette International
''Railway Gazette International'' is a monthly business magazine and news website covering the railway, metro, light rail and tram industries worldwide. Available by annual subscription, the magazine is read in over 140 countries by transport professionals and decision makers, railway managers, engineers, consultants and suppliers to the rail industry. A mix of technical, commercial and geographical feature articles, plus the regular monthly news pages, cover developments in all aspects of the rail industry, including infrastructure, operations, rolling stock and signalling. History ''Railway Gazette International'' traces its history to May 1835 as ''The Railway Magazine'', when it was founded by Effingham Wilson. The ''Railway Gazette'' title dates from July 1905, created to cover railway commercial and financial affairs. In April 1914 it merged with ''The Railway Times'', which incorporated '' Herapath's Railway Journal'', and in February 1935 it absorbed the ''Railway Engine ...
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Haaglanden
:''Parts of this article have been translated from the Dutch version of this page'' Haaglanden (, literally ''Haguelands'') was a conurbation surrounding The Hague in the Netherlands from 1992 until 2015. The city's position as the country's seat of government made the region prominent in the Netherlands. Located on the west coast of the province of South Holland, the region had a population of 1,050,543 in September 2013, and covered an area of 405 km². ''Haaglanden'' was an official term referring to an urban region"Urban region" referring to the Dutch terms ''stadsgewest'', ''stadsregio'' and ''plusregio'', which were more or less used interchangeably. literally called ''Haaglanden Urban Region'' (''Stadsgewest Haaglanden''). The official website of Haaglanden used the English translation ''The Hague Region''. Another translation would have been the ''Greater Hague Area''. The term was also sometimes used to refer to the conurbation of The Hague in a general, informal sense; ...
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Netherlands Competition Authority
The Netherlands Competition Authority (Dutch: Nederlandse Mededingingsautoriteit, NMa) was the competition regulator for the Netherlands. After a merger with the Consumentenautoriteit and Onafhankelijke Post en Telecommunicatie Autoriteit on 1 April 2013, it became the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (Dutch: Autoriteit Consument en Markt). The Netherlands Competition Authority monitored all Dutch markets, to ensure fair competition. The "Dutch office of Energy Regulation" (''Energiekamer'') was part of the Netherlands Competition Authority and committed to making energy markets work as effectively as possible. Tasks The main goal for the Netherlands Competition Authority was to ensure fair competition between Dutch companies. In order to do so, it focused on 3 main tasks: * To fight cartel-deals * To prevent the abuse of economic strength, for example in virtual monopoly or oligopoly situations * To check on the concentrations and spread of companies See also ...
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Transdev (historic)
Transdev was an international public transport group based in Issy-les-Moulineaux near Paris, France, and operating in several countries. Originally created as ''Société centrale pour l'équipement du territoire'' in 1955 and developing transportation activities since 1973, Transdev was a subsidiary Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, a French state-owned financial institution. On 3 March 2011, the group merged with Veolia Transport, one of its main competitors, into Veolia Transdev. During 2013, Veolia Transdev was renamed Transdev, recognising the planned withdrawal of Veolia Environnement from ownership of the group. As part of this merger, the RATP Group, a minority shareholder in Transdev, took direct ownership of a number of former Transdev operations in lieu of a cash payment. Transdev was also a shareholder of Transamo, a transport engineering and consultancy firm in Europe, which specialises in the project management of public transport projects in France. It wa ...
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Nijmegen Railway Station
Nijmegen railway station is the main railway station of Nijmegen in Gelderland, Netherlands. It was opened on 9 August 1865 and is located on the Tilburg–Nijmegen railway, Nijmegen–Venlo railway and the Arnhem–Nijmegen railway. It was extensively rebuilt after the war since the original station was severely damaged by a US bombing raid in February 1944 and during Operation Market Garden in September 1944. Until 1991 there was a line into Germany from here to Kleve. The train services are operated by Nederlandse Spoorwegen and Arriva. The station is a central station for the whole area and is a busy interchange station. Train services , the following train services call at this station: *Express services: **''Intercity'': Den Helder - Alkmaar - Amsterdam - Utrecht - Arnhem - Nijmegen **''Intercity'': Schiphol Airport - Utrecht - Arnhem - Nijmegen **''Intercity'': Zwolle - Deventer - Arnhem - Nijmegen Oss - 's-Hertogenbosch - Breda - Roosendaal *Local services: **''Sprinter' ...
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