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Valery Tsepkalo
Valery Tsepkalo (russian: Валерий Цепкало) or Valery Tsapkala ( be, Валерый Цапкала; Doctor of Law, born 22 February 1965) is a Belarusian politician, diplomat, executive, and entrepreneur. He holds a Doctorate degree in International Law. After graduating from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations and serving in the Embassy of the Soviet Union in Finland Valery Tsepkalo joined the staff of the Belarus Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He later became an advisor on foreign political and economic relations to the Chairman of the Belarus Parliament Stanislav Shushkevich and then a senior advisor to the Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Independent States. At the age of 29 Valery Tsepkalo led Alexander Lukashenko's presidency campaign of 1994 and later took the post of First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. From 1997 to 2002 Valery Tsepkalo served as Belarus Ambassador to the US and Mexico. In 2005—2006 he was Presidential Plenipoten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grodno
Grodno (russian: Гродно, pl, Grodno; lt, Gardinas) or Hrodna ( be, Гродна ), is a city in western Belarus. The city is located on the Neman River, 300 km (186 mi) from Minsk, about 15 km (9 mi) from the Polish border and 30 km (19 mi) away from Lithuania. In 2019 the city had 373,547 inhabitants. Grodno is the capital of Grodno Region and Grodno District. Alternative names In Belarusian Classical Orthography (Taraškievica) the city is named as (Horadnia). In Latin it was also known as (), in Polish as , in Lithuanian as , in Latvian as , in German as , and in Yiddish as (Grodne). History The modern city of Gordno originated as a small fortress and a fortified trading outpost maintained by the Rurikid princes on the border with the lands of the Baltic tribal union of the Yotvingians. The first reference to Grodno dates to 1005.word The official foundation year is 1127. In this year Grodno was mentioned in the Primary Chronicle as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strategic Missile Forces
The Strategic Rocket Forces of the Russian Federation or the Strategic Missile Forces of the Russian Federation (RVSN RF; russian: Ракетные войска стратегического назначения Российской Федерации (РВСН РФ), Raketnye voyska strategicheskogo naznacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, lit. 'Strategic Purpose Rocketry Troops') are a separate-troops branch of the Russian Armed Forces that control Russia's land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). The Strategic Rocket Forces was created on 17 December 1959 as part of the Soviet Armed Forces as the main force intended for attacking an enemy's offensive nuclear weapons, military facilities, and industrial infrastructure. They operated all Soviet nuclear ground-based intercontinental, intermediate-range ballistic missile, and medium-range ballistic missile with ranges over 1,000 kilometers. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, assets of the Strategic Rocket ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gennady Zyuganov
Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov (russian: Генна́дий Андре́евич Зюга́нов; born 26 June 1944) is a Russian politician, who has been the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and served as Member of the State Duma since 1993. He is also the Chair of the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union (UCP-CPSU) since 2001. Zyuganov ran for President of Russia four times, most notably in 1996, when he controversially lost in the second round to Boris Yeltsin. He has been placed on the sanctions list by numerous North American and European governments. Early life and education Zyuganov was born in Mymrino, a farming village in Oryol Oblast, on 26 June 1944. The son and grandson of schoolteachers, he followed in their footsteps. His father fought at the Soviet-German front of WWII and returned home with serious injuries. After graduating from a secondary school, his first job was working there for one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Duma
The State Duma (russian: Госуда́рственная ду́ма, r=Gosudárstvennaja dúma), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Gosduma ( rus, Госду́ма), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house is the Federation Council of Russia, Federation Council. The Duma headquarters are located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manezhnaya Square, Moscow, Manege Square. Its members are referred to as deputies. The State Duma replaced the Supreme Soviet of Russia, Supreme Soviet as a result of the new constitution introduced by Boris Yeltsin in the aftermath of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, and approved in a 1993 Russian constitutional referendum, nationwide referendum. In the 2007 Russian legislative election, 2007 and 2011 Russian legislative elections a full party-list proportional representation with 7% electoral threshold system was used, but this was subsequently repealed. The legislature's term length was initially 2 yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktar Hanchar
Viktar Hanchar, or Viktar Hančar ( be, Віктар Ганчар, russian: Виктор Гончар, Viktor Gonchar, September 7, 1957 – September 16, 1999?) was a Belarusian politician who disappeared and was presumably murdered in 1999. He was born in the village of Radzichava, Slutsk Raion. Hanchar graduated from the Law Department of the Belarusian State University in 1979 and worked as law research worker at different major Belarusian institutions. Political career Beginning in May 1991, Hanchar worked as first deputy chairman of Maladzyechna mayor. In May 1994, he ran for the Constitutional Court of Belarus, but did not receive the support of most MPs. During the presidential elections in 1994, Hanchar was one of the most active in the election campaign headquarters of Alexander Lukashenko. In 1994, after the victory of Lukashenko in the presidential elections, Hanchar was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Belarus, but soon resigned. Hanchar joined the opposition to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Of Independent States
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia. It was formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. It covers an area of and has an estimated population of 239,796,010. The CIS encourages cooperation in economic, political and military affairs and has certain powers relating to the coordination of trade, finance, lawmaking, and security. It has also promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention. As the Soviet Union disintegrated, Belarus, Russia and Ukraine signed the Belovezh Accords on 8 December 1991, declaring that the Union had effectively ceased to exist and proclaimed the CIS in its place. On 21 December, the Alma-Ata Protocol was signed. The Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), which regard their membership in the Soviet Union as an illegal occupation, chose not to participate. Georgia withdrew its membership in 2008 following the Russo-Georgian War. Ukraine formally ended its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vyacheslav Kebich
Vyacheslav Frantsevich Kebich ( be, Вячаслаў Францавіч Кебіч, Vjačaslaŭ Francavič Kjebič , russian: Вячесла́в Фра́нцевич Ке́бич; 10 June 1936 – 9 December 2020) was a Belarusian politician and the 1st Prime minister of Belarus from 1991 to 1994. Prime Minister of Belarus Kebich was the first Prime Minister of Belarus, serving from 1991 until 1994, having held the equivalent office of the Byelorussian SSR since 1990. During his tenure in office he promoted a pro-Russian stance. In early February 1994 he stated that he would 'continue campaigning for a monetary union with Russia, as I always have done and am doing now. It is not just a question of economic circumstances. We are linked by the closest spiritual bonds; we have a common history and similar cultures.' In early March he told parliament that Belarusian-Russian relations were Minsk's basic foreign policy priority, 'owing to the community of Belarusian-Russian culture, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanislav Shushkevich
Stanislav Stanislavovich Shushkevich ( be, Станісла́ў Станісла́вавіч Шушке́віч, translit=Stanisłáŭ Stanisłávavič Šuškiévič,; russian: Станисла́в Станисла́вович Шушке́вич; 15 December 1934 – 3 May 2022) was a Belarusian politician and scientist. From 25 August 1991 to 26 January 1994, he was the first head of state of independent Belarus after it seceded from the Soviet Union, serving as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (also called chairman of Parliament or president). He supported social democratic reforms and played a key role in the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. As a scientist, he was a corresponding member of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences, Doctor in Physics and Mathematics, recipient of various state awards, professor and the author and originator of textbooks and over 150 articles and 50 inventions. Biography Shushkevich was born on 15 December 1934, in Minsk. His parents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of National Leaders Of Belarus
This is a comprehensive chronological list of national leaders of Belarus since its first independence, in 1918, including its presidents both before and after the Soviet era, and the Soviet leaders themselves, who, unlike the Presidents, were not formal Heads of State. Belarusian Democratic Republic (1918–20) BNR in exile (since 1920) Presidents-in-exile ''In Vilnius to 1925, then in Prague, presently in Canada:'' *Pyotra Krecheuski (November 1920 – 8 March 1928) * Vasil Zakharka (8 March 1928 – 6 March 1943) * Mikola Abramchyk (6 March 1943 – 29 May 1970) * Vintsent Zhuk-Hryshkyevich (May 1970 – November 1982) * Jazep Sazhych (November 1982 – 1997) *Barys Rahula (1997, acting) *Ivonka Survilla (1997–present) Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–20) Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–91) Chairman of the Supreme Council Republic of Belarus (1991–present) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Of Belarus
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus ( be, Міністэрства замежных спраў Рэспублікі Беларусь, BGN/PCGN: ''Ministerstva zamyezhnykh spraw Respubliki Byelarus’''; russian: Министерство иностранных дел Республики Беларусь, BGN/PCGN: ''Ministerstvo inostrannykh del Respubliki Belarus’'') is the Belarusian government ministry which oversees the foreign relations of Belarus. The current Minister of Foreign Affairs is Sergei Aleinik, since December 2022. Anatoly Glaz, a diplomat and spokesperson of the Ministry, has voiced criticism of international sanctions against the Lukashenko regime and justified bans on foreign journalists from working in Belarus. History Historical lineage In December 1920, the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs was established by resolution of the Second Congress of Soviets of Belarus. With the 1922 formation of the USSR, the functions of r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissolution Of The Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union (USSR) which resulted in the end of the country's and its federal government's existence as a sovereign state, thereby resulting in its constituent republics gaining full sovereignty on 26 December 1991. It brought an end to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's (later also President) effort to reform the Soviet political and economic system in an attempt to stop a period of political stalemate and economic backslide. The Soviet Union had experienced internal stagnation and ethnic separatism. Although highly centralized until its final years, the country was made up of fifteen top-level republics that served as homelands for different ethnicities. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisis, with several republics alre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland across Estonia to the south. Finland covers an area of with a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city, forming a larger metropolitan area with the neighbouring cities of Espoo, Kauniainen, and Vantaa. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Finnish, alongside Swedish, are the official languages. Swedish is the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to the boreal in the north. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland was first inhabited around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period. The Stone Age introduced several differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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