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Voltziales
Voltziales is an extinct order of conifers. The group contains the ancestral lineages from which all modern conifer groups emerged. The earliest Voltzialean conifers appear in the Late Carboniferous ( Pennsylvanian). Modern conifer lineages emerged from voltzialean ancestors from the Late Permian to Jurassic. Voltzialean conifers outside modern groups, such as '' Krassilovia'', known from the leaf taxon ''Podozamites'', that survived into the late Cretaceous. One of the earliest and most primitive genera is ''Walchia'', known originally for its leaf form genus, and primitive members of the order are commonly called "Walchian conifers". The order consists of these families: * Utrechtiaceae * Thucydiaceae * Voltziaceae * Emporiaceae * Majonicaceae * Ullmanniaceae * Bartheliaceae * Ferugliocladaceae * Buriadiaceae *Krassiloviaceae The genus ''Voltzia'' was named in honour of the French geologist Philippe Louis Voltz Philippe-Louis Voltz (15 August 1785 – 6 February 1840) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Utrechtiaceae
Utrechtiaceae is an extinct family of trees related to modern conifers. This family dates back to the late Carboniferous and Cisuralian, Early Permian. Description They were forest trees with almost horizontal standing leafy lateral shoots and with vertical tribes. They were generally small trees. At least with ''Utrechtia piniformis'' the side shoots are in whorls. Like other Voltziales, Voltzialean plants, they had compact ovulate cones bearing bilateral bract-scale complexes. The leaves are scale-like, arranged spirally and only a few millimeters long. Genera Utrechtiaceae include the following selected genera: * ''Ernestiodendron'' Florin, 1934 * ''Lebachiella'' S.V. Meyen, 1997 * ''Ortiseia'' R. Florin, 1964 * ''Moyliostrobus'' C.N. Miller & J.T. Brown, 1973 : known from the Lower Permian of Texas (''Moyliostrobus texanum''). * ''Otovicia'' * ''Utrechtia'' G.W. Rothwell & G. Mapes, 2003 See also * References Paleobiology Database* Charles B. Beck: Origin and Evolution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conifer
Conifers are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a single extant class (biology), class, Pinopsida. All Neontology, extant conifers are perennial plant, perennial woody plants with secondary growth. The great majority are trees, though a few are shrubs. Examples include Cedrus, cedars, Pseudotsuga, Douglas-firs, Cupressaceae, cypresses, firs, junipers, Agathis, kauri, larches, pines, Tsuga, hemlocks, Sequoioideae, redwoods, spruces, and Taxaceae, yews.Campbell, Reece, "Phylum Coniferophyta". Biology. 7th. 2005. Print. P. 595 As of 1998, the division Pinophyta was estimated to contain eight families, 68 genera, and 629 living species. Although the total number of species is relatively small, conifers are ecology, ecologically important. They are the dominant plants over large areas of land, most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walchia
''Walchia'' is a fossil conifer, cypress-like genus found in upper Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) and lower Permian (about 310-290 Mya) rocks of Europe and North America. A forest of in-situ Walchia tree-stumps is located on the Northumberland Strait coast at Brule, Nova Scotia. Besides the ''Walchia'' forest, fallen tree trunks, and leaflet impressions, the forest, fossil-rich layer contains numerous, 4-legged, tetrapod fossil trackways. Individual species ''W. hypnoides'': from the schists of Lodeve; also copper slates of the Zechstein in Mansfeld. Monuran trackways At the same time period of 290 mya, another species was making fossil trackways, now preserved in New Mexico; ''Walchia'' leaflets are found in the same fossil layers. The Monuran trackways were made by Permian, wingless insects called monurans, (meaning "one-tail"); the insects' means of locomotion was hopping, then walking. These 290 mya layers contain footprints of the large ''Dimetrodon'', large/small rai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podozamites
''Podozamites'' is an extinct genus of fossil conifer leaves. In its broader sense, it has been used as a morphogenus (Form classification, form taxon) to refer to any broad leaved multi-veined conifer leaves. Modern broad-leaved conifers with a similar form include ''Agathis'' in the family Araucariaceae and ''Nageia'' in Podocarpaceae, with some ''Podozamites'' ''sensu lato'' probably belonging to the same families. In a more narrow sense, ''Podozamites'' has been used to refer to the leaves of a probably Monophyly, monophyletic group of deciduous broad leafed Voltziales, voltzialean conifers which lived in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly East Asia and Siberia, during the Late Triassic to early Late Cretaceous, where it formed part of wet coal swamp communities. Description In the right conditions, ''Podozamites'' leaves ''sensu stricto'' preserve delicate cuticle and insect damage, and are thought to have been regularly shed. They are associated with conifer cones of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buriadiaceae
Buriadiaceae is a family of conifers that existed in the Carboniferous to Permian The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last .... References Prehistoric plant families Voltziales {{permian-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krassiloviaceae
''Podozamites'' is an extinct genus of fossil conifer leaves. In its broader sense, it has been used as a morphogenus (form taxon) to refer to any broad leaved multi-veined conifer leaves. Modern broad-leaved conifers with a similar form include '' Agathis'' in the family Araucariaceae and ''Nageia'' in Podocarpaceae, with some ''Podozamites'' ''sensu lato'' probably belonging to the same families. In a more narrow sense, ''Podozamites'' has been used to refer to the leaves of a probably monophyletic group of deciduous broad leafed voltzialean conifers which lived in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly East Asia and Siberia, during the Late Triassic to early Late Cretaceous, where it formed part of wet coal swamp communities. Description In the right conditions, ''Podozamites'' leaves ''sensu stricto'' preserve delicate cuticle and insect damage, and are thought to have been regularly shed. They are associated with conifer cones of the genera '' Swedenborgia, Cycadocarp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, million years ago. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin '' carbō'' ("coal") and '' ferō'' ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern 'system' names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. Terrestrial animal life was well established by the Carboniferous Period. Tetrapods (four limbed vertebrates), which had originated from lobe-finned fish during the preceding Devonian, became pentadactylous in and diversified during the Carboniferous, including early amphibian line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic, Mesozoic Era and is named after the Jura Mountains, where limestone strata from the period were first identified. The start of the Jurassic was marked by the major Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, associated with the eruption of the Central Atlantic magmatic province, Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. The beginning of the Toarcian Stage started around 183 million years ago and is marked by an extinction event associated with widespread Anoxic event, oceanic anoxia, ocean acidification, and elevated temperatures likely caused by the eruption of the Karoo-Ferrar, Karoo-Ferrar large igneous provinces. The end of the Jurassic, however, has no clear boundary with the Cretaceous and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the sauropsids ( reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these drier conditions, rose to dominance in place of their am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palissyaceae
Palissyales are an extinct order of conifers, known from the Mesozoic. They are best known from the genus '' Palissya'', which is found in Laurasia and Eastern Gondwana dating from the Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous. The only other confirmed genus of the family, '' Stachyotaxus'' known from the Late Triassic of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus '' Knezourocarpon'' from the Jurassic of Australia has also been tentatively considered a member of the order. The cone of the best known genus ''Palissya'' is noted for its unusual construction, which is borne on a large bract (modified leaf), and consists of two parallel rows of ovules that run along the midline of the adaxial surface of the bract which are encased in cup-like structures formed by scales. The bracts are helically arranged around an axis, forming a compound catkin-like structure. The seeds are thin-walled were likely only viable for a short period of time, and were likely adapted to wind dispersal. ''Palissya'' has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippe Louis Voltz
Philippe-Louis Voltz (15 August 1785 – 6 February 1840) was a French mining engineer, metallurgist, and geologist. He examined fossils in relation to stratigraphy and, with his knowledge of languages, took part in the interchange of ideas between the French and German geologists. Voltz was born in Strasbourg where his father David ran a cafe. He went to the École polytechnique in 1803 and the École des Mines in 1805 before joining the mine establishments in Belgium and in the Alsace region. He studied steel making in England and Germany and worked on blast furnaces in France. From 1830 he gave lectures in geology at Strasbourg where he influenced many future geologists including Jules Thurmann and Amanz Gressly. Along with Armand Dufrénoy (1792-1857), he was also involved in arranging the geological collections with a stratigraphic focus at the Strasbourg Academy and brought together numerous fossil plants, some described by his student Wilhelm Philippe Schimper Wilhelm Ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
