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Vitreoscilla
''Vitreoscilla'' is a genus of Gram-negative aerobic bacterium. The bacterial haemoglobin ( VHb) was first discovered from ''Vitreoscilla'', and VHb is found to have a wide range of biological and biotechnological applications including promotion of cell growth, protein synthesis, metabolite productivity, respiration, cellular detoxification, fermentation, and biodegradation. Etymology The generic name is derived from the Latin adjective ''vitreus'', which means clear or transparent; and the noun ''oscillum'', meaning a swing. Thus ''Vitreoscilla'' is used to describe the bacterium as the transparent swing or oscillator, the way it exhibits locomotion. Species There are three valid species under the genus, namely *'' Vitreoscilla beggiatoides'' Pringsheim 1949 (type species) *'' Vitreoscilla filiformis'' (ex Pringsheim 1951) Strohl ''et al.'' 1986 *'' Vitreoscilla stercoraria'' Pringsheim 1951 Structure Members of ''Vitreoscilla'' are obligate aerobic bacteria, which a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitreoscilla Filiformi
''Vitreoscilla'' is a genus of Gram-negative aerobic bacterium. The bacterial haemoglobin ( VHb) was first discovered from ''Vitreoscilla'', and VHb is found to have a wide range of biological and biotechnological applications including promotion of cell growth, protein synthesis, metabolite productivity, respiration, cellular detoxification, fermentation, and biodegradation. Etymology The generic name is derived from the Latin adjective ''vitreus'', which means clear or transparent; and the noun ''oscillum'', meaning a swing. Thus ''Vitreoscilla'' is used to describe the bacterium as the transparent swing or oscillator, the way it exhibits locomotion. Species There are three valid species under the genus, namely *'' Vitreoscilla beggiatoides'' Pringsheim 1949 (type species) *'' Vitreoscilla filiformis'' (ex Pringsheim 1951) Strohl ''et al.'' 1986 *'' Vitreoscilla stercoraria'' Pringsheim 1951 Structure Members of ''Vitreoscilla'' are obligate aerobic bacteria, which are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitreoscilla Stercoraria
''Vitreoscilla'' is a genus of Gram-negative aerobic bacterium. The bacterial haemoglobin ( VHb) was first discovered from ''Vitreoscilla'', and VHb is found to have a wide range of biological and biotechnological applications including promotion of cell growth, protein synthesis, metabolite productivity, respiration, cellular detoxification, fermentation, and biodegradation. Etymology The generic name is derived from the Latin adjective ''vitreus'', which means clear or transparent; and the noun ''oscillum'', meaning a swing. Thus ''Vitreoscilla'' is used to describe the bacterium as the transparent swing or oscillator, the way it exhibits locomotion. Species There are three valid species under the genus, namely *'' Vitreoscilla beggiatoides'' Pringsheim 1949 (type species) *''Vitreoscilla filiformis'' (ex Pringsheim 1951) Strohl ''et al.'' 1986 *'' Vitreoscilla stercoraria'' Pringsheim 1951 Structure Members of ''Vitreoscilla'' are obligate aerobic bacteria, which are m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitreoscilla Beggiatoides
''Vitreoscilla'' is a genus of Gram-negative aerobic bacterium. The bacterial haemoglobin ( VHb) was first discovered from ''Vitreoscilla'', and VHb is found to have a wide range of biological and biotechnological applications including promotion of cell growth, protein synthesis, metabolite productivity, respiration, cellular detoxification, fermentation, and biodegradation. Etymology The generic name is derived from the Latin adjective ''vitreus'', which means clear or transparent; and the noun ''oscillum'', meaning a swing. Thus ''Vitreoscilla'' is used to describe the bacterium as the transparent swing or oscillator, the way it exhibits locomotion. Species There are three valid species under the genus, namely *'' Vitreoscilla beggiatoides'' Pringsheim 1949 (type species) *''Vitreoscilla filiformis'' (ex Pringsheim 1951) Strohl ''et al.'' 1986 *''Vitreoscilla stercoraria'' Pringsheim 1951 Structure Members of ''Vitreoscilla'' are obligate aerobic bacteria, which are mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
VHb (hemoglobin)
''Vitreoscilla'' haemoglobin (VHb) is a type of haemoglobin found in the Gram-negative aerobic bacterium, ''Vitreoscilla''. It is the first haemoglobin discovered from bacteria, but unlike classic hemoglobin it is composed only of a single globin molecule. Discovery VHb was first discovered by Dale Webster in 1966 from a ''Vitreoscilla'' species. Being a soluble protein, and its close similarities of its spectral properties to those of bacterial cytochrome oxidase (cytochrome o), it was initially identified as “soluble cytochrome o”. The real nature of VHb as a hemoglobin rather than a soluble cytochrome was resolved only after the amino acid sequence determined in 1986. The amino acid sequence revealed that it is made up of a single globin domain without additional structural elements, in contrast to typical haemoglobin. Yet the solution of its crystal structure confirmed that the three-dimensional structure of is remarkably similar to the classic globin fold. VHb is produce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neisseriales
The Neisseriaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota, within the ''Neisseriales'' order. While many organisms in the family are mammalian commensals or part of the normal flora, the genus ''Neisseria'' includes two important human pathogens, specifically those responsible for gonorrhea (caused by'' N. gonorrhoeae'') and many cases of meningitis ("meningococcal meningitis", caused by'' N. meningitidis''). As a group, the Neisseriaceae are strictly aerobic and Gram-negative, occur mainly in pairs (diplococci A diplococcus (plural diplococci) is a round bacterium (a coccus) that typically occurs in the form of two joined cells. Types Examples of gram-negative diplococci are '' Neisseria spp.'' and ''Moraxella catarrhalis.'' Examples of gram-posit ...), and typically do not have flagella. References Bacteria of Medical Importancein ''Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology''. * * Betaproteobacteria {{Betaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neisseriaceae
The Neisseriaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota, within the ''Neisseriales'' order. While many organisms in the family are mammalian commensals or part of the normal flora, the genus ''Neisseria'' includes two important human pathogens, specifically those responsible for gonorrhea (caused by'' N. gonorrhoeae'') and many cases of meningitis ("meningococcal meningitis", caused by'' N. meningitidis''). As a group, the Neisseriaceae are strictly aerobic and Gram-negative, occur mainly in pairs (diplococci A diplococcus (plural diplococci) is a round bacterium (a coccus) that typically occurs in the form of two joined cells. Types Examples of gram-negative diplococci are '' Neisseria spp.'' and ''Moraxella catarrhalis.'' Examples of gram-posit ...), and typically do not have flagella. References Bacteria of Medical Importancein ''Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology''. * * Betaproteobacteria {{Betaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LPSN
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy of prokaryotes, following the taxonomy requirements and rulings of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or Bacteriological Code (BC) governs the scientific names for Bacteria and Archaea.P. H. A. Sneath, 2003. A short hist .... The database was curated from 1997 to June 2013 by Jean P. Euzéby. From July 2013 to January 2020, LPSN was curated by Aidan C. Parte. In February 2020, a new version of LPSN was published as a service of the Leibniz Institute DSMZ, thereby also integrating the Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-date service. References External links List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitric Oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula . It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula In chemistry, a chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, ... (•N=O or •NO). Nitric oxide is also a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, a class of molecules whose study spawned early modern molecular orbital theory, theories of chemical bonding. An important Reaction intermediate, intermediate in chemical industry, industrial chemistry, nitric oxide forms in combustion systems and can be generated by lightning in thunderstorms. In mammals, including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule in many physiological and pathological pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Globin
The globins are a superfamily of heme-containing globular proteins, involved in binding and/or transporting oxygen. These proteins all incorporate the globin fold, a series of eight alpha helical segments. Two prominent members include myoglobin and hemoglobin. Both of these proteins reversibly bind oxygen via a heme prosthetic group. They are widely distributed in many organisms. Structure Globin superfamily members share a common three-dimensional fold. This 'globin fold' typically consists of eight alpha helices, although some proteins have additional helix extensions at their termini. Since the globin fold contains only helices, it is classified as an all-alpha protein fold. The globin fold is found in its namesake globin families as well as in phycocyanins. The globin fold was thus the first protein fold discovered (myoglobin was the first protein whose structure was solved). Helix packaging The eight helices of the globin fold core share significant nonlocal st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diaminopimelic Acid
Diaminopimelic acid (DAP) is an amino acid, representing an epsilon-carboxy derivative of lysine. DAP is a characteristic of certain cell walls of some bacteria. DAP is often found in the peptide linkages of NAM-NAG chains that make up the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. When provided, they exhibit normal growth. When in deficiency, they still grow but with the inability to make new cell wall peptidoglycan. This is also the attachment point for Braun's lipoprotein. See also * Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in DAP synthesis * Peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan or murein is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like peptidoglycan layer outside the plasma membrane, the rigid cell wall (murein sacculus) characteristic of most ba ... * Pimelic acid Images References Amino acids Dicarboxylic acids Non-proteinogenic amino acids {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glutamate
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the ionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use. It is also the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system. It serves as the precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in GABA-ergic neurons. Its molecular formula is . Glutamic acid exists in three optically isomeric forms; the dextrorotatory -form is usually obtained by hydrolysis of gluten or from the waste waters of beet-sugar manufacture or by fermentation.Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged, Third Edition, 1971. Its molecular structure could be idealized as HOOC−CH()−()2−COOH, with two carboxyl groups −COOH and one amino group −. However, in the solid state and mildly acidic water solu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
