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Vishtasp Jalali
Vishtasp Jalali ( fa, ویشتاسب جلالی) was a local Iranian ruler of Sari during the struggle that ensured after the death of the Bavandid ruler Hasan II between the local rulers of Mazandaran. He was from the Jalali family, a family native to Mazandaran which ruled Sari as governors of the Bavandids. Biography In 1349, Hasan II ordered the execution of one of his most powerful officials, Jalal ibn Ahmad Jal, who was from the Jalali family, and thus a relative of Vishtasp. The execution resulted in a revolt by the nobles of Mazandaran. Hasan then tried to get support from another Iranian family known as the Chulabids. However, the two sons of the Chulabid Kiya Afrasiyab, murdered Hasan while the latter was in a bath. Afrasiyab then gained control of the Bavandid territories, thus marking the end of the Bavand dynasty and the start of the Afrasiyab dynasty. He then made peace with the Jalali family, who had become the independent rulers of Sari. However, he was considered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Peoples
The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of Indo-European peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages and other cultural similarities. The Proto-Iranians are believed to have emerged as a separate branch of the Indo-Iranians in Central Asia around the mid-2nd millennium BC. At their peak of expansion in the mid-1st millennium BC, the territory of the Iranian peoples stretched across the entire Eurasian Steppe, from the Great Hungarian Plain in the west to the Ordos Plateau in the east and the Iranian Plateau in the south.: "From the first millennium b.c., we have abundant historical, archaeological and linguistic sources for the location of the territory inhabited by the Iranian peoples. In this period the territory of the northern Iranians, they being equestrian nomads, extended over the whole zone of the steppes and the wooded steppes and even the semi-deserts from the Great Hungarian Plain to the Ordos in northern China." The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sari, Iran
Sari ( fa, ; also romanized as Sārī), also known as Shahr-e-Tajan and Shari-e-Tajan, is the provincial capital of Mazandaran Province and former capital of Iran (for a short period), located in the north of Iran, between the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains and southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Sari is the largest and most populous city of Mazandaran. Location The coastline north of Sari fronts onto the '' Mazandaran Sea''; north-east of the city lies ''Neka''. ''Qa'emshahr'' (formerly known as Shahi) is to its south-west, '' Juybar'' is to its north-west, and ''Kiasar'', ''Damghan'', and '' Semnan'' are cities located to the south. History Early history Excavations in the Hutto cave present evidence for the existence of settlements around Sari as far back as the 70th millennium BCE. The Muslim historian Hamdollah Mostowfi attributes the foundation of Sari to king Tahmoures Divband of the Pishdadian Dynasty. Ferdowsi mentions the name of the city in Shahnameh, at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavandid
The Bavand dynasty () (also spelled Bavend), or simply the Bavandids, was an Iranian peoples, Iranian dynasty that ruled in parts of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province) in what is now northern Iran from 651 until 1349, alternating between outright independence and submission as vassals to more powerful regional rulers. They ruled for 698 years, which is the second longest dynasty of Iran after the Baduspanids. Origins The dynasty itself traced its descent back to Bav, who was alleged to be a grandson of the Sasanian prince Kawus, brother of Khosrow I, and son of the shah Kavad I (ruled 488–531), who supposedly fled to Tabaristan from the Muslim conquest of Persia. He rallied the locals around him, repelled the first Arab attacks, and reigned for fifteen years until he was murdered by a certain Valash, who ruled the country for eight years. Bav's son, Sohrab or Sorkab (Surkhab I), established himself at Perim on the eastern mountain ranges of Tabaristan, which thereaf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasan II (Bavandid Ruler)
Hasan II ( fa, حسن), also known as Fakhr al-Dawla Hasan (), was the last ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1334 until his murder in 1349. He was the brother and successor of Sharaf al-Muluk. Reign In 1344, the Sarbadar ruler Wajih ad-Din Mas'ud, sought to increase his territorial domains, and thus in 1344 invaded the domains of Hasan II and the Paduspanid ruler Eskandar II in Mazandaran with several hostile minor dynasties allied against him. When the Sarbadars advanced on Amol, Hasan decided to abandon the city. He then turned around and defeated the Sarbadar garrison at Sari, cutting off Mas'ud's line of retreat. Despite this, Mas'ud decided to press on. When Hasan attacked his rear, however, and Eskandar II met him at his front, Mas'ud was surrounded. The Sarbadars were decimated, and Mas'ud was captured by Eskandar II. He was handed over to the son of one of Togha Temur's former officials who had died fighting the Sarbadars in 1341/1342. Mas'ud was then executed by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiya Afrasiyab
Kiya Afrasiyab ( Mazandarani/ fa, کیا افراسیاب چلاوی, Kīā Afrāsīāb), was the founder of the Afrasiyab dynasty, ruling from 1349 to 1359. Biography Rise to power Afrasiyab was the son of certain Hasan Chulabi, who belonged to the Chulabids, a prominent family of Mazandaran which served the Bavandids. Afrasiyab was the ''sipahsalar'' and the brother-in-law of the Bavandid ruler Hasan II (r. 1334-1349). In 1349, the Bavandid ruler Hasan ordered the execution of one of his most powerful officials, Jalal ibn Ahmad Jal, who was from the powerful Jalali which governed Sari. The execution resulted in a revolt by the nobles of Mazandaran. Hasan then tried to get support from the Chulabids, but the two sons of Afrasiyab murdered Hasan in his bath. Reign Afrasiyab then gained control of the Bavandid territories, thus marking the end of the Bavand dynasty and the start of the Afrasiyab dynasty. A son of Hasan managed to flee to the court of the Paduspanid ruler Eskan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afrasiyab Dynasty
The Afrasiyab or Chalavi dynasty was a relatively minor Iranian Shia dynasty of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province, Iran) and flourished in the late medieval, pre-Safavid period; it is also called the Kia dynasty. It was founded by Kiya Afrasiyab, who conquered the Bavand kingdom in 1349 and made himself king of the region. In 1504, Ismail I invaded Mazandaran and ended Afrasiyab rule of the region. __TOC__ History Kiya Afrasiyab was the son of certain Hasan Chulabi, who belonged to the Chulabids, a prominent family of Mazandaran which served the Bavandids. Afrasiyab was the ''sipahsalar'' and the brother-in-law of the Bavandid ruler Hasan II (r. 1334–1349). In 1349, the Bavandid ruler Hasan ordered the execution of one of his most powerful officials, Jalal ibn Ahmad Jal, who was from the powerful Jalali which governed Sari. The execution resulted in a revolt by the nobles of Mazandaran. Hasan then tried to get support from the Chulabids. However, the two sons o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marashis
The Marashiyan or Marashis ( Mazandarani: مرعشیون, fa, مرعشیان) were an Iranian Sayyid Twelver Shiʿite dynasty of Mazandarani origin, ruling in Mazandaran from 1359 to 1596. The dynasty was founded by Mir-i Buzurg, a Sayyid native to Dabudasht. Their capitals were Amol, Sari, and Vatashan Vatashan ( fa, واتاشن, also Romanized as Vātāshan) is a village in Natel Kenar-e Olya Rural District, in the Central District (Nur County), Central District of Nur County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2 .... Sources * * * * * External links * Rulers of Tabaristan Iranian Muslim dynasties Alid dynasties States and territories disestablished in the 1590s {{iran-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mir-i Buzurg
Qavam al-Din ibn Abdallah al-Marashi ( fa, قوامالدین بن عبدالله مرعشی), better known as Mir Buzurg or Mir Bozorg ( fa, میربزرگ, ''Mīr-e Bozorg'', lit. "The great Mir"), was the founder of the Marashi dynasty, ruling from 1359 to 1362. Early life Mir-i Buzurg belonged to a Sayyid family, he was the son of a certain Abdallah al-Marashi, who was the eponymous ancestor of the Marashi dynasty. Mir-i Buzurg, during his early life, lived in Dabudasht near Amol, which was then under Bavandid control. He studied religion and came into contact with Izz al-Din Sughandi, an influential sufi who was a pupil of Abd al-Razzaq ibn Fazlullah, the founder of the Sarbadars of Khorasan. Mir-i Buzurg later founded a Khanqah in Dabudasht and gained numerous followers. He also made a pilgrimage to the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad. In 1359, the Bavand dynasty was put to an end by the Chulabi nobleman Kiya Afrasiyab who founded the Afrasiyab dynasty. However, the no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Iranian People
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 ( MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1359 Deaths
Year 1359 ( MCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * May 25 – The French States-General repudiates the terms of the Second Treaty of London, signed earlier in the year between England and France. * June 21 – Upon the death of Erik Magnusson, his claims to the Swedish throne die with him, and power is restored undivided to his father, King Magnus. * July 4 – Francesco II Ordelaffi surrenders to the Papal commander, Gil de Albornoz. * August – Qulpa becomes Khan of the Blue Horde after the death of Berdi Beg. * August 23 – Ismail II overthrows his uncle, Muhammed V, as Sultan of Granada (in modern-day Spain). * September – Margaret, Countess of Tyrol, and her second husband, Louis V, Duke of Bavaria, are absolved from excommunication. * December 19 – The Catalan Courts are held in Cervera, giving birth to the Deputation of the Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Unknown
A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the seasonal tropics, the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar. The Gregorian calendar, or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do the Julian calendars. For the Gregorian calendar, the average length of the calendar year ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
