Hasan II ( fa, حسن), also known as Fakhr al-Dawla Hasan (), was the last ruler of the

Bavand dynasty The Bavand dynasty () (also spelled Bavend), or simply the Bavandids, was an Iranian dynasty that ruled in parts of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province) in what is now northern Iran from 651 until 1349, alternating between outright inde ...

from 1334 until his murder in 1349. He was the brother and successor of

Sharaf al-Muluk Sharaf al-Muluk (Persian: شرف الملوک) was the ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 1328 to 1334. He was the son and successor of Shah-Kaykhusraw. Little is known about Sharaf; he died in 1334, and was succeeded by his brother Hasan II of Taba ...

Reign

In 1344, the

Sarbadar The Sarbadars (from fa, سربدار ''sarbadār'', "head on gallows"; also known as Sarbedaran ) were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of t ...

ruler

Wajih ad-Din Mas'ud Wajih ad-Din Mas'ud (died 1344) was the leader of the Sarbadars of Sabzewar from 1338-1343 until his death. Under his rule, the Sarbadar state developed its characteristic dual nature as both a secular and radical Shi'i state. Early Reign Mas'ud ...

, sought to increase his territorial domains, and thus in 1344 invaded the domains of Hasan II and the

Paduspanid The Baduspanids or Badusbanids ( fa, پادوسبانیان, Pâdusbâniân), were a local Iranian dynasty of Tabaristan which ruled over Ruyan/Rustamdar. The dynasty was established in 665, and with 933 years of rule as the longest dynasty in I ...

ruler

Eskandar II Jalal al-Dawla Iskandar was the ruler (''ustandar'') of the Baduspanids from 1333 to 1360. Under his rule, the kingdom reached its zenith. Taking advantage of the collapse of the Mongol Ilkhanate in 1335, he expanded his rule into the southern Albor ...

in Mazandaran with several hostile minor dynasties allied against him. When the Sarbadars advanced on

Amol Amol ( fa, آمل – ; ; also Romanized as Āmol and Amul) is a city and the administrative center of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran, with a population of around 300,000 people. Amol is located on the Haraz river bank. It is less than ...

, Hasan decided to abandon the city. He then turned around and defeated the Sarbadar garrison at

Sari A sari (sometimes also saree or shari)The name of the garment in various regional languages include: * as, শাৰী, xārī, translit-std=ISO * bn, শাড়ি, śāṛi, translit-std=ISO * gu, સાડી, sāḍī, translit-std= ...

, cutting off Mas'ud's line of retreat. Despite this, Mas'ud decided to press on. When Hasan attacked his rear, however, and Eskandar II met him at his front, Mas'ud was surrounded. The Sarbadars were decimated, and Mas'ud was captured by Eskandar II. He was handed over to the son of one of Togha Temur's former officials who had died fighting the Sarbadars in 1341/1342. Mas'ud was then executed by the latter. In 1349, Hasan ordered the execution of one of his most powerful officials, Jalal ibn Ahmad Jal, who was from the powerful Jalali family which governed

. The execution resulted in a revolt by the nobles of Mazandaran. Hasan then tried to get support from another family of Mazandaran, the Chulabids. However, the two sons of

Kiya Afrasiyab Kiya Afrasiyab ( Mazandarani/ fa, کیا افراسیاب چلاوی, Kīā Afrāsīāb), was the founder of the Afrasiyab dynasty, ruling from 1349 to 1359. Biography Rise to power Afrasiyab was the son of certain Hasan Chulabi, who belonged ...

, a powerful Chulabi nobleman, murdered Hasan while the latter was in a bath on April 17. Afrasiyab then gained control of the Bavandid territories, thus marking the end of the Bavand dynasty and the start of the

Afrasiyab dynasty The Afrasiyab or Chalavi dynasty was a relatively minor Iranian Shia dynasty of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province, Iran) and flourished in the late medieval, pre-Safavid period; it is also called the Kia dynasty. It was founded by Ki ...

. A son of Hasan managed to flee to the court of the Paduspanid ruler

, who later tried to restore Bavand rule in Mazandaran, but failed to do so.

Sources

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Hasan 02 14th-century Bavandid rulers 1349 deaths Year of birth missing