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Vilama (caldera)
Vilama is a Miocene caldera in Bolivia and Argentina. Straddling the border between the two countries, it is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, one of the four volcanic belts in the Andes. Vilama is remote and forms part of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, a province of large calderas and associated ignimbrites that were active since about 8 million years ago, sometimes in the form of supervolcanoes. The Vilama caldera was originally estimated to have a size of but the size was later revised to be between and and is almost entirely buried beneath younger volcanoes that have grown along the margin of the caldera; volcanic activity on these volcanoes continued into the Pleistocene. Several lakes also developed on the floor of the caldera, which contains a resurgent dome. Vilama is the source of the enormous Vilama ignimbrite, which was emplaced during an eruption with a volcanic explosivity index of 8 about 8.4–8.5 million years ago. A large amount of the Vilama ignimbri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austral Volcanic Zone
The Andean Volcanic Belt is a major volcanic belt along the Andes, Andean cordillera in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It is formed as a result of subduction of the Nazca Plate and Antarctic Plate underneath the South American Plate. The belt is subdivided into four main volcanic zones which are separated by volcanic gaps. The volcanoes of the belt are diverse in terms of activity style, products, and morphology. While some differences can be explained by which volcanic zone a volcano belongs to, there are significant differences within volcanic zones and even between neighboring volcanoes. Despite being a type location for calc-alkalic and subduction volcanism, the Andean Volcanic Belt has a broad range of volcano-tectonic settings, as it has rift systems and extensional zones, transpressional faults, subduction of mid-ocean ridges and seamount chains as well as a large range of crustal thicknesses and magma ascent paths and different amounts of crustal a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coranzulí (caldera)
Coranzuli is a back-arc caldera in the Andes, related to the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex. It formed along the Lipez geological lineament about 6.6 million years ago. Volcanic ash samples found in the Coastal Cordillera of Chile may come from this volcano. The Rachaite () stratovolcano is located close to the caldera. The formation of this caldera has been influenced by a number of local fault systems, the Coyaguayama and Rachaite lineaments. Marine sediments of Ordovician age with some later volcanic intrusions form the basement together with Cretaceous-Eocene sediments. Three cycles of volcanic activity preceding the Coranzuli ignimbrite have been identified. The Coranzuli system is part of a Late Miocene volcanic episode that also includes Aguas Calientes, Cerro Panizos and the Toconquis ignimbrite of Galan. The Morro Grande Formation may have originated by volcanic activity in the area of Cerro Coranzuli. 6.8 to 6.4 million years ago, this caldera erupted the Coranzul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerro Guacha
Cerro Guacha is a Miocene caldera in southwestern Bolivia's Sur Lípez Province. Part of the volcanic system of the Andes, it is considered to be part of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ), one of the three volcanic arcs of the Andes, and its associated Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex (APVC). A number of volcanic calderas occur within the latter. Cerro Guacha and the other volcanoes of that region are formed from the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South America plate. Above the subduction zone, the crust is chemically modified and generates large volumes of melts that form the local caldera systems of the APVC. Guacha is constructed over a basement of sediments. Two major ignimbrites, the 5.6-5.8 mya Guacha ignimbrite with a volume of and the 3.5-3.6 mya Tara ignimbrite with a volume of were erupted from Cerro Guacha. More recent activity occurred 1.7 mya and formed a smaller ignimbrite with a volume of . The larger caldera has dimensions of with a rim altitude of . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerro Panizos
Panizos is a Late Miocene caldera in the Potosí Department of Bolivia and the Jujuy Province of Argentina. It is part of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex of the Central Volcanic Zone in the Andes. 50 volcanoes active in recent times are found in the Central Volcanic Zone, and several major caldera complexes are situated in the area. The caldera is located in a difficult-to-access part of the Andes. Panizos and the majority of these volcanoes are formed by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate under the continental South American continental lithosphere. The caldera is located east of the main arc and is supplied chiefly by dacite magmas. Beneath Panizos lie Tertiary ignimbrites and a Paleozoic sedimentary basement. The huge Panizos ignimbrite erupted by Cerro Panizos has a minimum volume of . It erupted during an event 6.71 ± 0.04 mya and was preceded by another ignimbrite 7.9 mya ago. The last activity is a lava flow 6.1 mya ago. The caldera is hidden beneath a shield ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pastos Grandes
Pastos Grandes is the name of a caldera and its crater lake in Bolivia. The caldera is part of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, a large ignimbrite province that is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. Pastos Grandes has erupted a number of ignimbrites through its history, some of which exceeded a volume of . After the ignimbrite phase, the lava domes of the Cerro Chascon-Runtu Jarita complex were erupted close to the caldera and along faults. The caldera is the site of a few lakes, some of which are fed by hot springs. A number of minerals, including lithium, are dissolved in the lakes. Location Pastos Grandes lies in the Sud Lipez Region of Bolivia. Geographically the area is part of the Altiplano, a high plateau bordered by the Cordillera Occidental and the Cordillera Oriental. The Altiplano contains two large salt pans, the Salar de Uyuni and Salar de Coipasa. The specific area of Pastos Grandes is remote and poorly accessible, the existence of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kari-Kari (caldera)
Kari-Kari is a Miocene caldera in the Potosi department, Bolivia. It is part of the El Fraile ignimbrite field of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. Volcanic activity in the Central Volcanic Zone has generated 44 volcanic centres with postglacial activity and a number of calderas, including the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex. Kari-Kari is a caldera whose dimensions are variously considered to be or . After emplacement of the caldera, intrusive activity generated the Kari-Kari dome which was originally considered to be a batholith. Mineralization reactions have formed a number of mineral deposits at Cerro Rico and inside the caldera. Geography and structure Kari-Kari is located close to Potosi, according to one reconstruction the city lies within the caldera. With an age of 21,000,000 years it is the oldest caldera structure that has been identified with unaided satellite imagery. It is part of the ignimbrite province of the Miocene Central Andes, which includes als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Frailes Ignimbrite Plateau
Los Frailes is an ignimbrite plateau in Bolivia, between the city of Potosi and the Lake Poopo. It belongs to a group of ignimbrites that exist in the Central Andes and which includes the Altiplano–Puna volcanic complex. The plateau covers a surface of – with about of ignimbrite. The plateau features several putative vents, including Cerro Condor Nasa, Cerro Livicucho, Cerro Pascual Canaviri, Cerro Villacollo and Nuevo Mundo. The plateau was emplaced starting from 25 million years ago to the Holocene, when the Nuevo Mundo vent was active. Geography and geomorphology Los Frailes lies in the Eastern Cordillera of Bolivia, between the southeastern shores of Lake Poopo and the city of Potosi. It is a little-studied volcanic system. Los Frailes belongs to the Central Andean ignimbrites, which cover parts of southern Peru, southwestern Bolivia, northwestern Argentina and northeastern Chile and which contains the Altiplano–Puna volcanic complex. Ignimbrites do not cover al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ollagüe
Ollagüe () or Ullawi () is a massive andesite stratovolcano in the Andes on the border between Bolivia and Chile, within the Antofagasta Region of Chile and the Potosi Department of Bolivia. Part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, its highest summit is above sea level and features a summit crater that opens to the south. The western rim of the summit crater is formed by a compound of lava domes, the youngest of which features a vigorous fumarole that is visible from afar. Ollagüe is mostly of Pleistocene age. It started developing more than one million years ago, forming the so-called Vinta Loma and Santa Rosa series mostly of andesitic lava flows. A fault bisects the edifice and two large landslides occurred in relation to it. Later two groups of dacitic lava domes formed, Ch'aska Urqu on the southeastern slope and La Celosa on the northwestern. Another centre named La Poruñita formed at that time on the western foot of the volcano, but it is not clear wheth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ojos Del Salado
Nevado Ojos del Salado is a dormant complex volcano in the Andes on the Argentina–Chile border. It is the highest volcano on Earth and the highest peak in Chile. The upper reaches of Ojos del Salado consist of several overlapping lava domes, lava flows and volcanic craters, with an only sparse ice cover. The complex extends over an area of and its highest summit reaches an altitude of above sea level. Numerous other volcanoes rise around Ojos del Salado. Due to its location near the Arid Diagonal of South America, the mountain has extremely dry conditions, which prevent the formation of glaciers and a permanent snow cover. Despite the arid climate, there is a permanent crater lake about in diameter at an elevation of - within the summit crater and east of the main summit. This is the highest lake of any kind in the world. Owing to its altitude and the desiccated climate, the mountain lacks vegetation. Ojos del Salado was volcanically active during the Pleistocene and Holo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nevados De Payachata
Payachata or Paya Chata (Aymara ''pä, paya'' two, Pukina ''chata'' mountain, "two mountains") is a north–south trending complex of potentially active volcanos on the border of Bolivia and Chile, directly north of Chungará Lake. The complex contains two peaks, Pomerape to the north and Parinacota to the south. On the Bolivian side the volcanoes are located in the Oruro Department, Sajama Province, Curahuara de Carangas Municipality, Population data and map of the Curahuara de Carangas Municipality and on the Chilean side they lie in the , |
