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Vicarius Filii Dei
''Vicarius Filii Dei'' (Latin: ''Vicar'' or ''Representative of the Son of God'') is a phrase first used in the forged medieval ''Donation of Constantine'' to refer to Saint Peter, who is regarded as the first Pope by the Catholic Church. Origins and uses of the phrase The earliest known instance of the phrase ''Vicarius Filii Dei'' is in the ''Donation of Constantine'', now dated between the eighth and the ninth centuries AD. Johann Peter Kirsch states that "many of the recent critical students of the document .e. Donation of Constantinelocate its composition at Rome and attribute the forgery to an ecclesiastic, their chief argument being an intrinsic one: this false document was composed in favour of the popes and of the Holy Catholic Roman Church, therefore the Christ Church itself must have had the chief interest in a forgery executed for a purpose so clearly expressed". However, it goes on to state, "Grauert, for whom the forger is a Frankish subject, shares the view of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustinus Triumphus
Augustinus Triumphus ( it, Agostino Trionfo; 1243 – 2 April 1328), also known as Augustinus of Ancona, was a Hermit of St. Augustine and writer. He is celebrated for his work ''Summa de potestate ecclesiastica'', printed in 1473. The ''Summa'' became a standard reference for papalist arguments in the later 16th century, and was several times reprinted. Alongside James of Viterbo, Giles of Rome, and Alvarus Pelagius Alvarus Pelagius ( es, Álvaro Pelayo; c. 1280 – 25 January 1352) was a celebrated Galician canonist. Life Alvarus was born at O Salnés, Salnés, Galicia (Spain), Galicia. He studied Canon law (Catholic Church), Canon law at Bologna, but ..., Augustinus was among the leading pro-papal jurists. His title ''Triumphus'' is first attested in the 16th century. Works * ''Summa de potestate ecclesiastica''. Arnold ter Hoernen, Cologne 26.I.147digital References External links * __NOTOC__ 1243 births 1328 deaths 13th-century Italian Roman Catholic theol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andreas Helwig
Andreas Helwig (Helwich, Helvigius) (1572–1643) was a German classical scholar and linguist. His ''Origenes dictionum germanicarum'' (1622) was a pioneer etymological work of the German language. Life Helwig was rector of the University of Berlin from 1611 to 1614, then professor of poetry from 1614 to 1616. Subsequently he taught at the Gymnasium at Stralsund.David Brady, ''The Contribution of British Writers Between 1560 and 1830 to the Interpretation of Revelation 13.16-18'' (1983), pp. 84-6. Works In 1602 he published a Greek etymological dictionary. In his period at Berlin, he published ''Antichristus Romanus'',''Antichristus Romanus, in proprio suo nomine, numerum illum Apocalypticum (DCLXVI) continente proditus'' (Wittenberg, 1612) an anti-papal work including the numerical formula identifying ''Vicarius Filii Dei'', an alleged title of the Pope, reduced to its Roman numerals and summed to 666. Brady mentions a theory of Johann Christoph Wolf that Helwig had already publis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Ferraris
Lucius Ferraris (18 April 1687 – 24 February 1763) was an Italian Franciscan canonist of the 18th century. He was born at Solero, near Alessandria in Northern Italy. He was also professor, provincial of his order, and consultor of the Holy Office. It would seem he died before 1763. Works He is the author of the ''Prompta Bibliotheca canonica, juridica, moralis, theologica, necnon ascetica, polemica, rubricistica, historica'', a veritable encyclopedia of religious knowledge. The first edition of this work appeared at Bologna, in 1746. A second edition, much enlarged, also a third, were published by the author himself. The fourth edition, dating from 1763 seems to have been published after his death. This, like those which followed it, contains additions the author made to the second edition under the title of ''additiones auctoris'', and also other supplements (''additiones ex aliena manu'') inserted in their respective places in the body of the work (and no longer in the appendi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canonist
Canon law (from grc, κανών, , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law, or operational policy, governing the Catholic Church (both the Latin Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the individual national churches within the Anglican Communion. The way that such church law is legislated, interpreted and at times adjudicated varies widely among these four bodies of churches. In all three traditions, a canon was originally a rule adopted by a church council; these canons formed the foundation of canon law. Etymology Greek / grc, κανών, Arabic / , Hebrew / , 'straight'; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is 'reed'; see also the Romance-language ancestors of the English w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franciscan
The Franciscans are a group of related Mendicant orders, mendicant Christianity, Christian Catholic religious order, religious orders within the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by Italian Catholic friar Francis of Assisi, these orders include three independent orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor being the largest contemporary male order), orders for women religious such as the Order of Saint Clare, and the Third Order of Saint Francis open to male and female members. They adhere to the teachings and spiritual disciplines of the founder and of his main associates and followers, such as Clare of Assisi, Anthony of Padua, and Elizabeth of Hungary. Several smaller Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism, Protestant Franciscan orders exist as well, notably in the Anglican and Lutheran traditions (e.g. the Community of Francis and Clare). Francis began preaching around 1207 and traveled to Rome to seek approval from Pope Innocent III in 1209 to form a new religious order. The o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antipope Anacletus II
Anacletus II (died January 25, 1138), born Pietro Pierleoni, was an antipope who ruled in opposition to Pope Innocent II from 1130 until his death in 1138. After the death of Pope Honorius II, the college of cardinals was divided over his successor. Unusually, the election was entrusted to eight cardinals, who elected Papareschi (Innocent II). A larger body of cardinals then elected Pierleoni, which led to a major schism in the Roman Catholic Church. Anacletus had the support of most Romans, including the Frangipani family, and Innocent was forced to flee to France. North of the Alps, Innocent gained the crucial support of the major religious orders, in particular Bernard of Clairvaux's Cistercians, the Abbot of Cluny Peter the Venerable; and Norbert of Xanten, the Archbishop of Magdeburg who established the Premonstratensians and held a high rank in the Court of the German Emperor Lothar III. The lack of support from these key figures left Anacletus with few patrons out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antipope
An antipope ( la, antipapa) is a person who makes a significant and substantial attempt to occupy the position of Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope. At times between the 3rd and mid-15th centuries, antipopes were supported by important factions within the Church itself and by secular rulers. Sometimes it was difficult to distinguish which of two claimants should be called pope and which antipope, as in the case of Pope Leo VIII and Pope Benedict V. Persons who merely claim to be pope and have few followers, such as the modern conclavist antipopes, are not classified with the historical antipopes. History Hippolytus of Rome (d. 235) is commonly considered to be the earliest antipope, as he headed a separate group within the Church in Rome against Pope Callixtus I. Hippolytus was reconciled to Callixtus's second successor, Pope Pontian, and both he and Pontian are honoured as saints by the Catholic Church with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Innocent II
Pope Innocent II ( la, Innocentius II; died 24 September 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as pope was controversial and the first eight years of his reign were marked by a struggle for recognition against the supporters of Anacletus II. He reached an understanding with King Lothair III of Germany who supported him against Anacletus and whom he crowned as Holy Roman emperor. Innocent went on to preside over the Second Lateran council. Early years Gregorio Papareschi came from a Roman family, probably of the ''rione'' Trastevere. Formerly a Cluniac monk, he was made cardinal deacon of San Angelo in 1116 by Pope Paschal II. Gregorio was selected by Pope Callixtus II for various important and difficult missions, such as the one to Worms for the conclusion of the Concordat of Worms, the peace accord made with Holy Roman Emperor Henry V in 1122, and also the one tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vincent Houdry
Vincent Houdry (23 January 1631, Tours – 21 March 1729, Paris) was a French Jesuit preacher and writer on ascetics. Biography According to the catalogues of the Society of Jesus, Houdry entered the Society of Jesus at Paris on 10 October 1647, and after the novitiate followed the regular course of studies (three years philosophy and four years theology). For a considerable while he was engaged in teaching: classics, six years; rhetoric, one year; philosophy, four years. After this he became a celebrated pulpit orator, preaching for the next twenty-five years in the more important cities of France. During the remainder of his life he was principally occupied in writing sermons. He died on 21 March 1729 in Paris. His obituary in the archives of the Society praises his talent as an orator and his never-tiring industry as a speaker and a writer. Among his virtues, his faithful observance of the rules, even to the ninety-ninth year of his life, is especially mentioned. Writing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesuits
The Society of Jesus ( la, Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuits (; la, Iesuitæ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian ministries, and promote Ecumenism, ecumenical dialogue. The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patron saint, patronage of Madonna della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a Superior General of the Society of Jesus, Superior General. The headquarters of the society, its Curia, General Curia, is in Rome. The historic curia of Ignatius is now part of the attached to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
