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Vibrionaceae
The Vibrionaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota given their own order, Vibrionales. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species ''Vibrio cholerae'', which is the agent responsible for cholera. Most bioluminescent bacteria belong to this family, and are typically found as symbionts of deep-sea animals. Vibrionaceae are Gram-negative organisms and facultative anaerobes, capable of fermentation. They contain oxidase and have one or more flagella, which are generally polar. Originally, these characteristics defined the family, which was divided into four genera. Two of these, ''Vibrio'' and ''Photobacterium'', correspond to the modern group, although several new genera have been defined. Genetic studies have shown the other two original members—''Aeromonas'' and '' Plesiomonas''—belong to separate families. The family Vibrionaceae currently comprises eight validly published genera: ''Aliivibrio'', ''Catenococcus'', ''Ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plesiomonas
''Plesiomonas shigelloides'' is a species of bacteria and the only member of its genus. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which has been isolated from freshwater, freshwater fish, shellfish, cattle, goats, swine, cats, dogs, monkeys, vultures, snakes, toads and humans. It is considered a fecal coliform. ''P. shigelloides'' is a global distributed species, found globally outside of the polar ice caps. ''P. shigelloides'' has been associated with the diarrheal disease state in humans, but has been identified in healthy humans as well. It can enter the body either through contact with water contaminated by fecal matter or through seafood originating from a contaminated source. Classification ''P. shigelloides'' was originally considered part of the family ''Vibrionaceae'', but is generally accepted to be part of ''Enterobacteriaceae'' due to the similarity of its 5S rRNA sequence to other members of ''Enterobacteriaceae'.'' The rRNA sequence of ''P. shigelloides'' has b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Listonella
''Listonella'' is a genus of Gram-negative marine bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae named after the American microbiologist J. Liston. Analysis of phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic data has shown the genus is not distinct from the genus ''Vibrio'', so it is now considered a synonym of ''Vibrio''.(Thompson et al. 2011 doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.030015-0) References Vibrionales Bacteria genera {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photobacterium
''Photobacterium'' is a genus of gram-negative, oxidase positive and catalase positive bacteria in the family ''Vibrionaceae''. Members of the genus are bioluminescent, that is they have the ability to emit light. Many species, including '' Photobacterium leiognathi'' and ''Photobacterium phosphoreum'', '' Photobacterium ganghwense, Photobacterium marinum'' live in symbiosis with marine organisms. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and identified multiple strains of ''Photobacterium'' from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island Area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Species such as '' Photobacterium profundum'' are adapted for optimal growth in the deep cold seas making it both a psychrophile (an organism capable of growth and reproduction in cold temperatures) and a piezophile (an organism which thrives at high pressures). Biochemical characteristics of ''Photobacterium'' species Colony, morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of ''Photobacterium ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catenococcus
''Catenococcus'' is a Gram-negative and facultatively anaerobic genus of bacteria from the family of Vibrionaceae The Vibrionaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota given their own order, Vibrionales. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species ''Vibrio cholerae'', which is the agent responsible for cholera. ... with one known species ('' Catenococcus thiocycli''). References Vibrionales Bacteria genera Monotypic bacteria genera {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinimonas
''Echinimonas'' is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Vibrionaceae The Vibrionaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota given their own order, Vibrionales. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species ''Vibrio cholerae'', which is the agent responsible for cholera. ... with on known species '' Echinimonas agarilytica''. ''Echinimonas agarilytica'' has been isolated from the sea urchin '' Strongylocentrotus intermedius''. References Vibrionales Bacteria genera Monotypic bacteria genera Taxa described in 2013 {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterovibrio
''Enterovibrio'' is a genus of bacteria from the family of Vibrionaceae The Vibrionaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota given their own order, Vibrionales. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species ''Vibrio cholerae'', which is the agent responsible for cholera. .... References Further reading * * Vibrionales Bacteria genera Taxa described in 2002 {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grimontia
''Grimontia'' is a genus of bacteria from the family of Vibrionaceae The Vibrionaceae are a family of Pseudomonadota given their own order, Vibrionales. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species ''Vibrio cholerae'', which is the agent responsible for cholera. .... References Further reading * Vibrionales Bacteria genera Taxa described in 2003 {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fermentation (biochemistry)
Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. In food production, it may more broadly refer to any process in which the activity of microorganisms brings about a desirable change to a foodstuff or beverage. The science of fermentation is known as zymology. In microorganisms, fermentation is the primary means of producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the degradation of organic nutrients anaerobically. Humans have used fermentation to produce foodstuffs and beverages since the Neolithic age. For example, fermentation is used for preservation in a process that produces lactic acid found in such sour foods as pickled cucumbers, kombucha, kimchi, and yogurt, as well as for producing alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer. Fermentation also occurs within the gastrointestinal tracts of all an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxidase
In biochemistry, an oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction reactions, especially one involving dioxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. In reactions involving donation of a hydrogen atom, oxygen is reduced to water (H2O) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Some oxidation reactions, such as those involving monoamine oxidase or xanthine oxidase, typically do not involve free molecular oxygen. The oxidases are a subclass of the oxidoreductases. Examples An important example is cytochrome c oxidase, the key enzyme that allows the body to employ oxygen in the generation of energy and the final component of the electron transfer chain. Other examples are: * Glucose oxidase * Monoamine oxidase * Cytochrome P450 oxidase * NADPH oxidase * Xanthine oxidase * L-gulonolactone oxidase * Laccase * Lysyl oxidase * Polyphenol oxidase * Sulfhydryl oxidase. This enzyme oxidises thiol groups. Oxidase test In microbiology, the oxidase test is used as a phenotypic characteristic for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flagellum
A flagellum (; ) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are termed as flagellates. A microorganism may have from one to many flagella. A gram-negative bacterium ''Helicobacter pylori'' for example uses its multiple flagella to propel itself through the mucus lining to reach the stomach epithelium, where it may cause a gastric ulcer to develop. In some bacteria the flagellum can also function as a sensory organelle, being sensitive to wetness outside the cell. Across the three domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota the flagellum has a different structure, protein composition, and mechanism of propulsion but shares the same function of providing motility. The Latin word means " whip" to describe its lash-like swimming motion. The flagellum in archaea is called the archaellum to note its difference from the bacterial flagellum. Eukaryotic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aeromonas
''Aeromonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that morphologically resemble members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Most of the 14 described species have been associated with human diseases. The most important pathogens are '' A. hydrophila'', '' A. caviae'', and '' A. veronii'' biovar ''sobria''. The organisms are ubiquitous in fresh and brackish water. They group with the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria. Two major diseases associated with ''Aeromonas'' are gastroenteritis and wound infections, with or without bacteremia. Gastroenteritis typically occurs after the ingestion of contaminated water or food, whereas wound infections result from exposure to contaminated water. In its most severe form, ''Aeromonas'' spp. can cause necrotizing fasciitis, which is life-threatening, usually requiring treatment with antibiotics and even amputation. Although some potential virulence factors (e.g. endotoxins, hemolysins, enterotoxins, adheren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vibrio Cholerae
''Vibrio cholerae'' is a species of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe and comma-shaped bacteria. The bacteria naturally live in brackish or saltwater where they attach themselves easily to the chitin-containing shells of crabs, shrimps, and other shellfish. Some strains of ''V. cholerae'' are pathogenic to humans and cause a deadly disease cholera, which can be derived from the consumption of undercooked or raw marine life species. ''V. cholerae'' was first described by Félix-Archimède Pouchet in 1849 as some kind of protozoa. Filippo Pacini correctly identified it as a bacterium and from him, the scientific name is adopted. The bacterium as the cause of cholera was discovered by Robert Koch in 1884. Sambhu Nath De isolated the cholera toxin and demonstrated the toxin as the cause of cholera in 1959. The bacterium has a flagellum at one pole and several pili throughout its cell surface. It undergoes respiratory and fermentative metabolism. Two serogroups called O1 and O139 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
