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Velvikudi Inscription
The Velvikudi inscription is an 8th-century bilingual copper-plate grant from the Pandya kingdom of southern India. Inscribed in Tamil and Sanskrit languages, it records the renewal of a grant of the Velvikudi village to a brahmana by the Pandya king Nedunjadaiyan Varaguna-varman I alias Jatila Parantaka (r. c. 768—815 CE) in c. 769-770 CE. Date The grant was made in the third regnal year of the king Nedunjadaiyan (also transliterated as Neduncheliyan), whose reign is dated to c. 765–815 CE. The grant recorded in the inscription was probably made in 769-770 CE, but there is some controversy about its actual date. Physical features * The record is in form of ten copper plates, each measuring 27.5 x 8 cm. * The plates are held together by a thin copper ring, without a seal. * British Museum's ''Indian Charters on Copper Plates in the Department of Oriental Manuscripts and Printed Books'' (1975) states that these copper plates were found at Madakulam. Languag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velvikudi Inscription (cropped 1
The Velvikudi inscription is an 8th-century bilingual Indian copper plate inscriptions, copper-plate grant from the Pandya dynasty, Pandya kingdom of southern India. Inscribed in Tamil language, Tamil and Sanskrit languages, it records the renewal of a brahmadeya, grant of the Velvikudi village to a brahmin, brahmana by the Pandya king Nedunjadaiyan Varaguna-varman I alias Jatila Parantaka (r. c. 768—815 CE) in c. 769-770 CE. Date The grant was made in the third regnal year of the king Nedunjadaiyan (also transliterated as Neduncheliyan), whose reign is dated to c. 765–815 CE. The grant recorded in the inscription was probably made in 769-770 CE, but there is some controversy about its actual date. Physical features * The record is in form of ten Indian copper plate inscriptions, copper plates, each measuring 27.5 x 8 cm. * The plates are held together by a thin copper ring, without a seal. * British Museum's ''Indian Charters on Copper Plates in the Department ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinnamanur
Chinnamanur is a town and a municipality in Theni district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. As of 2011, the town had a population of 42,305. The town is one of the major trade centers in the district and supports basic needs for a population of more than 1,00,000 people in and around the town. Chinnamanur in recent times is known for banana marketing. Processed banana from more than twenty units in Chinnamanur are exported to various countries. Chinnamanur also holds the most jewel shops in the entire Theni district. Chinnamanur is the fourth largest town in the district by population and second largest town in the district by area. Geography Chinnamanur is located at . It has an average elevation of . Chinnamanur town is at a height of 374 m above sea level. This town was initially called Harikesarinallur and is known for the Sivagamiamman Temple that is situated on the banks of Mullai River. The town is also mentioned in the Tamil grammatical work, Tholkappiam. Demographic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamil Lexicon
''Tamil Lexicon'' (Tamil: தமிழ்ப் பேரகராதி ''Tamiḻ Pērakarāti'') is a twelve-volume dictionary of the Tamil language. Published by the University of Madras, it is said to be the most comprehensive dictionary of the Tamil language to date. On the basis of several precursors, including Rottler's Tamil–English Dictionary, Winslow's Tamil–English Dictionary, and Pope's Compendious Tamil–English Dictionary, work on a more exhaustive dictionary began in January 1913 and the first forms were printed by the end of 1923. Initially estimated at 100,000, the total cost of the project came to about 410,000. The first edition had 4,351 pages in seven volumes, including a one-volume supplement, which were printed between 1924 and 1939 and had 104,405 words, with an additional 13,357 words in the supplementary volume, totaling to 124,405 words in all. The dictionary was reprinted in 1956 and 1982. Work on the revised and expanded edition of the dicti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kartikeya
Kartikeya ( sa, कार्त्तिकेय, Kārttikeya), also known as Skanda, Subrahmanya, Shanmukha (), and Murugan ( ta, முருகன்), is the Hindu god of war. He is the son of Parvati and Shiva, the brother of Ganesha and a god whose legends have many versions in Hinduism. Kartikeya has been an important deity in the Indian subcontinent since ancient times, worshipped as Mahasena and Kumara in North India and is predominantly worshipped in the state of Tamil Nadu and other parts of South India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Malaysia as Murugan. Murugan is widely regarded as the "God of the Tamil people". It has been postulated that the Tamil deity of Murugan was syncretised with the Vedic deity of Subrahmanya following the Sangam era. Both Muruga and Subrahmanya refer to Kartikeya. The iconography of Kartikeya varies significantly; he is typically represented as an ever-youthful man, riding or near an Indian peafowl, called Paravani, bearing a vel and so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malenadu
Malnad (; Malēnādu) is a region in the state of Karnataka in India. Malenadu covers the western and eastern slopes of the Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountain range, and is roughly 100 kilometers in width. Malnadis a region of Karnataka state in South India. Malnad covers the western and eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, roughly 100 km in width. It is a hilly terrain and comes under the heavy rain fall belt. The Malenadu region is humid and has an annual rainfall of 1000 to 3800 mm. Agumbe which is in Shivamogga district receives highest rainfall in Karnataka (close to 10000 mm) and is also known as Karnataka's Cherrapunji. In Malnad area the villages are scattered to lying in remote areas .This region in the state poses special problems of development mainly due to peculiar settlement, sparse population, topography, dense forest, numerous, rivulets etc. In order to hasten the development of this area, Malnad Area Development Board was created as per Malnad Area develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vishnu
Vishnu ( ; , ), also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the supreme being within Vaishnavism, one of the major traditions within contemporary Hinduism. Vishnu is known as "The Preserver" within the Trimurti, the triple deity of supreme divinity that includes Brahma and Shiva.Gavin Flood, An Introduction to Hinduism' (1996), p. 17. In Vaishnavism, Vishnu is the supreme being who creates, protects, and transforms the universe. In the Shaktism tradition, the Goddess, or Adi Shakti, is described as the supreme Para Brahman, yet Vishnu is revered along with Shiva and Brahma. Tridevi is stated to be the energy and creative power (Shakti) of each, with Lakshmi being the equal complementary partner of Vishnu. He is one of the five equivalent deities in Panchayatana puja of the Smarta tradition of Hinduism. According to Vaishnavism, the highest form of Ishvara is with qualities (Saguna), and have certain form, but is limitless, transcend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maravarman
Maravarman is a given name. Notable people with the name include: *Arikesari Maravarman, Pandyan king who ruled the ancient Tamil kingdom between 670 and 710 AD *Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I, Pandyan king, who ruled regions of South India between 1268 and 1308 AD *Maravarman Rajasimha I, early Pandyan kings *Maravarman Rajasimha II, the last Pandyan king of the first Pandyan empire *Maravarman Sundara Pandyan, Pandyan king who ruled regions of South India between 1216 and 1238 AD *Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II ( ta, இரண்டாம் மாறவர்மன் சுந்தர பாண்டியன்) was a Pandyan king, who ruled regions of South India between 1238–1240 CE.Sethuraman, p124 Shared rul ..., Pandyan king, who ruled regions of South India between 1238 and 1240 AD * Maravarman Vikkiraman II, Pandyan king, who ruled regions of South India between 1250 and 1251 AD {{given name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indra
Indra (; Sanskrit: इन्द्र) is the king of the devas (god-like deities) and Svarga (heaven) in Hindu mythology. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war. volumes/ref> Indra's myths and powers are similar to other Indo-European deities such as Jupiter, Perun, Perkūnas, Zalmoxis, Taranis, Zeus, and Thor, part of the greater Proto-Indo-European mythology. Indra is the most referred deity in the ''Rigveda''. He is celebrated for his powers, and as the one who killed the great evil (a malevolent type of asura) named Vritra, who obstructed human prosperity and happiness. Indra destroys Vritra and his "deceiving forces", and thereby brings rains and sunshine as the saviour of mankind. He is also an important deity worshipped by the Kalash people, indicating his prominence in ancient Hinduism. Indra's significance diminishes in the post-Vedic Indian literature, but he still plays an important role in various m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pururavas
Pururavas (Sanskrit: पुरूरवस्, ''Purūravas'') is a character in Hindu literature, a king who served as the first of the Lunar dynasty. According to the Vedas, he is a legendary entity associated with Surya (the sun) and Usha (the dawn), and is believed to reside in the middle region of the cosmos. The Rig Veda (X.95.18) states that he was a son of Ilā and was a pious ruler. However, the ''Mahabharata'' states that Ila was both his mother and his father. According to the ''Vishnu Purana'', his father was Budha, and he was ancestor of the tribe of Pururavas, from whom descended the Yadavas, Kauravas, and Pandavas of Mahābhārata. Legends Birth and early life Pururavas was born in Treta Yuga, as the son of Budha and Ila. Budha was the son of Chandra, the moon god, and thus Pururavas was the first Chandravamsha King. Since he was born on Mount Puru, he was called Pururavas. Reign According to the Puranas, Pururavas reigned from Pratisthana (Prayaga). He perform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chandra
Chandra ( sa, चन्द्र, Candra, shining' or 'moon), also known as Soma ( sa, सोम), is the Hindu god of the Moon, and is associated with the night, plants and vegetation. He is one of the Navagraha (nine planets of Hinduism) and Dikpala (guardians of the directions). Etymology and other names The word "Chandra" literally means "bright, shining or glittering" and is used for the "Moon" in Sanskrit and other Indian languages.''Graha Sutras'' by Ernst Wilhelm, published by Kala Occult Publishers p. 51 It is also the name of various other figures in Hindu mythology, including an asura and a Suryavanshi king. It is also a common Indian name and surname. Both male and female name variations exists in many South Asian languages that originate from Sanskrit. Some of the synonyms of Chandra include ''Soma'' (distill), ''Indu'' (bright drop), ''Atrisuta'' (son of Atri), ''Shashin'' or ''Shachin'' (marked by hare), ''Taradhipa'' (lord of stars) and ''Nishakara'' (the ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Budha
Budha ( sa, बुध) is a Sanskrit word that connotes the planet Mercury. Budha, in Hindu legends, is also a deity. He is also known as Soumya (Sanskrit: सौम्य, lit. ''son of Moon''), Rauhineya and Tunga and is the Nakshatra lord of Ashlesha, Jyeshtha and Revati. Planet Budha as a planet appears in various Hindu astronomical texts in Sanskrit, such as the 5th century ''Aryabhatiya'' by Aryabhatta, the 6th century ''Romaka'' by Latadeva and ''Panca Siddhantika'' by Varahamihira, the 7th century ''Khandakhadyaka'' by Brahmagupta, and the 8th century ''Sisyadhivrddida'' by Lalla. These texts present Budha as one of the planets and estimate the characteristics of the respective planetary motion. Other texts such as ''Surya Siddhanta'' dated to have been complete sometime between the 5th century and 10th century present their chapters on various planets with deity mythologies. The manuscripts of these texts exist in slightly different versions, present B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalpa (aeon)
A ''kalpa'' is a long period of time (aeon) in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology, generally between the creation and recreation of a world or universe. Etymology ''Kalpa'' ( sa, कल्प, , a formation or creation) in this context, means "a long period of time (aeon) related to the lifetime of the universe (creation)." It is derived from ''कॢप्'' (kḷp) + -अ (-a, nominalizing suffix) ( sa, कॢप्, kḷp, to create, prepare, form, produce, compose, invent). Hinduism In Hinduism, a ''kalpa'' is equal to 4.32 billion years, a "day of Brahma" (12-hour day proper) or one thousand '' mahayugas'', measuring the duration of the world. Each ''kalpa'' is divided into 14 ''manvantara'' periods, each lasting 71 ''Yuga Cycles'' (306,720,000 years). Preceding the first and following each ''manvantara'' period is a juncture (''sandhya'') equal to the length of a ''Satya Yuga'' (1,728,000 years). A ''kalpa'' is followed by a ''pralaya'' (dissolution) of equa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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