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Velocasses
The Veliocasses or Velocasses (Gaulish: *''Weliocassēs'') were a Belgic or Gallic tribe of the La Tène and Roman periods, dwelling in the south of modern Seine-Maritime and in the north of Eure. Name They are mentioned as ''Veliocasses'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC) and Pliny (1st c. AD), as (; var. ) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Velocasses'' by Orosius (early 5th c. AD)., s.v. ''Veliocasses''. The meaning of the Gaulish ethnonym is uncertain. The first part is certainly the Gaulish root , which could either stem from Proto-Celtic ('modesty'; cf. OIr. , OBret. 'honestas'), or else from Proto-Celtic ('better'; cf. Welsh 'better'). The second etymology is semantically more probable for a tribal name, but the unknown length of the vowel ''e'' in ''uelio-'' makes it difficult to conclude with certainty. The meaning of the second element ''-casses'', attested in other Gaulish ethnonyms such as ''Bodiocasses'', ''Durocasses'', '' Sucasses'', ''Tricasses'', or ''Viducasses'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaulish
Gaulish was an ancient Celtic languages, Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine). In a wider sense, it also comprises varieties of Celtic that were spoken across much of central Europe ("Noric language, Noric"), parts of the Balkans, and Anatolia ("Galatian language, Galatian"), which are thought to have been closely related. The more divergent Lepontic language, Lepontic of Northern Italy has also sometimes been subsumed under Gaulish. Together with Lepontic and the Celtiberian language, Celtiberian spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, Gaulish helps form the geographic group of Continental Celtic languages. The precise linguistic relationships among them, as well as between them and the modern Insular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bodiocasses
The Bodiocasses or Baiocasses were an ancient Gallic tribe of the Roman period. They were a tribal division of the ''civitas'' of the Lexovii, in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis. Name They are mentioned as ''Bodiocasses'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), ''Ou̓adikássioi'' (Οὐαδικάσσιοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), ''Baiocassi'' by Ausonius (4th c. AD), and as ''Baiocas'' in the ''Notitia Dignitatum'' (5th c. AD). The Gaulish ethnonym ''Bodiocasses'' derives from the Proto-Celtic stem *''bodyo-'' ('yellow, blond'; cf. Old Irish ''buide'' 'yellow'). The meaning of the second element ''-casses'', attested in other Gaulish ethnonyms such as ''Durocasses'', '' Sucasses'', ''Tricasses'', ''Veliocasses'' or ''Viducasses'', has been debated, but it probably signifies '(curly) hair, hairstyle' (cf. Old Irish ''chass'' 'curl'), perhaps referring to a particular warrior coiffure. Rudolf Thurneysen has compared the name with the Old Irish ''buide-chass'' ('blond curls'), and sugge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustus
Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Principate, which is the first phase of the Roman Empire, and Augustus is considered one of the greatest leaders in human history. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult as well as an era associated with imperial peace, the ''Pax Romana'' or ''Pax Augusta''. The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the "Year of the Four Emperors" over the imperial succession. Originally named Gaius Octavius, he was born into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian ''gens'' Octavia. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouen
Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine in northern France. It is the prefecture of the Regions of France, region of Normandy (administrative region), Normandy and the Departments of France, department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one of the largest and most prosperous cities of Middle Ages, medieval Europe, the population of the metropolitan area (french: functional area (France), aire d'attraction) is 702,945 (2018). People from Rouen are known as ''Rouennais''. Rouen was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy during the Middle Ages. It was one of the capitals of the Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Norman dynasties, which ruled both England and large parts of modern France from the 11th to the 15th centuries. From the 13th century onwards, the city experienced a remarkable economic boom, thanks in particular to the development of textile factories and river trade. Claimed by both the French and the English during the Hundred Years' War, it was on its soil that Joan of Arc was tried ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caudebec-en-Caux
Caudebec-en-Caux (, literally ''Caudebec in Caux'') is a former commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Rives-en-Seine. Geography Caudebec-en-Caux is located W.N.W. of Rouen, on the right bank of the River Seine. The tidal bore in the estuary of the Seine which is known as the ''mascaret'' in French, but locally as the ''barre'', used to be well seen at this point. The development of the industrial polder towards Harfleur has changed the geometry of the estuary so that mascaret now seems to be a phenomenon of the past. Since 1977 Caudebec has been served by the Pont de Brotonne, one of three bridges built across the Seine, downstream from Rouen since 1960, to replace the many ferries so making vehicular access between the Pays de Caux and the Autoroute A13 easier. History Caudebec is one of numerous places in Normandy having names which are clearly derived from a Scandinavian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bellovaci
The Bellovaci (Gaulish: ''Bellouacoi'') were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Picardy region, near the present-day city of Beauvais, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. After they were defeated by Caesar in 57 BC, they gave lukewarm support to the Gallic revolt led by Vercingetorix in 52 BC. The Bellovaci nonetheless organized resistance against Rome in 51 BC. Name They are mentioned as ''Bellovacos'' and ''Bellovaci'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''Belloákoi'' (Βελλοάκοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), ''Bellovaci'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Belloúakoi'' (Βελλούακοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD). The ethnonym ''Bellovacī'' is a latinized form of Gaulish ''Bellouacoi'' (sing. ''Bellouacos''). The latter derives from the stem ''bello-'' ('strong, forceful'), but the translation of the suffix -''uaco-'' is uncertain. It could mean 'curved' (cf. Lat. ''uaccilare''), or else be related to the Irish ''fachain'' ('striving') and the Scottish Gaelic ''fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caletes
The Caletes or Caleti (Gaulish: ''Caletoi'' "the hard tubborn, toughones"; la, italic=yes, Calētēs or ''Calētī'') were a Belgic or Gallic tribe dwelling in Pays de Caux, in present-day Normandy, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Caletes'' (var. ''Caletos'', ''Cadetes'') by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), as ''Káletoi'' (Κάλετοι) and ''Kalétous'' (Καλέτους) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), as ''Galetos'' (var. ''Galletos'') by Pliny (1st c. AD), as ''Kalē̃tai'' (Καλη̃ται) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Caleti'' by Orosius (early 5th c. AD). The Gaulish ethnonym ''Caletoi'' literally means 'the hard ones', that is to say 'the stubborn' or 'the tough'. It derives from the Proto-Celtic stem ''*kaleto''- ('hard, cruel, strong'; cf. Old Irish ''calath'' 'heroic,'' Middle Welsh ''caled'' 'hard'), itself from Proto-Indo-European ''*ḱelto''-, meaning 'cold' (cf. Avest. ''sarǝta-'' 'cold', OEng. 'hero', Lat. 'to be harden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seine
) , mouth_location = Le Havre/Honfleur , mouth_coordinates = , mouth_elevation = , progression = , river_system = Seine basin , basin_size = , tributaries_left = Yonne, Loing, Eure, Risle , tributaries_right = Ource, Aube, Marne, Oise, Epte The Seine ( , ) is a river in northern France. Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre (and Honfleur on the left bank). It is navigable by ocean-going vessels as far as Rouen, from the sea. Over 60 percent of its length, as far as Burgundy, is negotiable by large barges and most tour boats, and nearly its whole length is available for recreational boating; excursion boats offer sightseeing tours of the river banks in the capital city, Paris. There are 37 bridges in P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pagus
In ancient Rome, the Latin word (plural ) was an administrative term designating a rural subdivision of a tribal territory, which included individual farms, villages (), and strongholds () serving as refuges, as well as an early medieval geographical term. From the reign of Diocletian (284–305 AD) onwards, the referred to the smallest administrative unit of a province. These geographical units were used to describe territories in the Merovingian and Carolingian periods, without any political or administrative meaning. Etymology is a native Latin word from a root , a lengthened grade of Indo-European , a verbal root, "fasten" (''pango''); it may be translated in the word as "boundary staked out on the ground". In semantics, used in is a stative verb with an unmarked lexical aspect of state resulting from completed action: "it is having been staked out", converted into a noun by , a type recognizable in English adjectives such as surveyed, defined, noted, etc. English doe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vexin
Vexin () is an historical county of northwestern France. It covers a verdant plateau on the right bank (north) of the Seine running roughly east to west between Pontoise and Romilly-sur-Andelle (about 20 km from Rouen), and north to south between Auneuil and the Seine near Vernon. The plateau is crossed by the Epte and the Andelle river valleys. History The name ''Vexin'' is derived from a name for a Gaulish tribe now known as the Veliocasses. They had inhabited the area and made Rouen their most important city. The Norse nobleman Rollo of Normandy (c. 846 – c. 931), the first ruler of the Viking principality that became Normandy, made several incursions into the western half of the county. He halted his actions when the Carolingian king Charles the Simple abandoned the part of the territory that Rollo occupied under the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte in 911. The terms of the treaty established the Duchy of Normandy and fixed its boundary with the Kingdom of France al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrizia De Bernardo Stempel
Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel (born 5 April 1953) is an Italian philologist, linguist and scholar of Celtic studies. Biography Patrizia de Bernardo was born on 5 April 1953 in Milan, Italy, the daughter of Mario de Bernardo and Adriana Marra. She studied classics at the University of Milan, where she earned a PhD in 1977. Between 1977 and 1981, she worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Linguistics of the University of Bonn, then as a lecturer in Italian at the Romance Department until 1986. In 1984, she married the German linguist Reinhard Stempel. The following year, she earned a PhD ''summa cum laude'' in Celtic philology, Indo-European linguistics and Romance philology at the University of Bonn, with a dissertation on "The development of the Indo-European liquid and nasal sonants in Celtic".https://www.ehu.eus/documents/2300410/2456623/debernardostempel-webEstudiosClasicos.pdf/f7c63fd1-257d-4050-8659-ababed410b66?t=1404822885000 From 1987 to 1989, de Bernardo Stem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viducasses
The Viducassēs (Gaulish: *''Uiducassēs/Widucassēs'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Calvados department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Viducasses'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Bidoukesíōn'' (Βιδουκεσίων; var. Βιδουκασίων, Βιδουκαίσιων) and ''Bidoukésioi'' (Βιδουκέσιοι; var. Οὐιδουκαίσιοι, Οὐιδουκέσιοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD). The Gaulish ethnonym derives from the root *''uidu-/widu'' ('tree, wood'). The meaning of the second element ''-casses'', attested in other Gaulish ethnonyms such as ''Bodiocasses'', ''Durocasses'', '' Sucasses'', ''Tricasses'', or ''Veliocasses'', has been debated, but it probably signifies '(curly) hair, hairstyle' (cf. Old Irish ''chass'' 'curl'), perhaps referring to a particular warrior coiffure. The name may thus be translated as 'the tangled-hair ones', that is to say 'those with the hair tangled like a tree'. Patrizia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
