|
Vat Dye
Vat dyes are a class of dyes that are classified as such because of the method by which they are applied. Vat dyeing is a process that refers to dyeing that takes place in a bucket or vat. The original vat dye is indigo, once obtained only from plants but now often produced synthetically. Materials suited for vat dyeing Although almost all dyeing can be done in a vat, the term vat dye is used to describe a chemical class of dyes that are applied to cellulosic fibre (''i.e.'', cotton) using a redox reaction as described below. Because of the use of caustic soda, and the very high pH of the dye bath in the dyeing process, wool cannot be dyed using vat dyestuffs. This is because wool is soluble in caustic soda solutions. Instead, it is possible to dye wool at room temperatures with indigo (vat blue 1) and other low substantive vat dyes using soda ash as the alkali source with very little strength loss. Vat red 10, vat violet 13 and vat orange 1 can be applied in this manner as well. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigo Dye
Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color. Historically, indigo was a natural dye extracted from the leaves of some plants of the ''Indigofera'' genus, in particular ''Indigofera tinctoria''; dye-bearing ''Indigofera'' plants were commonly grown and used throughout the world, in Asia in particular, as an important crop, with the production of indigo dyestuff economically important due to the previous rarity of some blue dyestuffs historically. Most indigo dye produced today is synthetic, constituting several thousand tons each year. It is most commonly associated with the production of denim cloth and blue jeans, where its properties allow for effects such as stone washing and acid washing to be applied quickly. Uses The primary use for indigo is as a dye for cotton yarn, mainly used in the production of denim cloth suitable for blue jeans; on average, a pair of blue jeans requires just to of dye. Smaller quantities are used in the dyeing of wool and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Color Fastness
Colour fastness is a term—used in the dyeing of textile materials—that characterizes a material's colour's resistance to fading or running. Colour fastness is the property of dyes and it is directly proportional to the binding force between photochromic dye and the fiber. The colour fastness may also be affected by processing techniques and choice of chemicals and axillaries. The term is usually used in the context of clothes. In general, clothing should be tested for colour fastness before using bleach or other cleaning products. Light fastness, wash fastness, and rub fastness are the main forms of colour fastness that are standardized. The light fastness of textile dye is categorized from one to eight and the wash fastness from one to five, with a higher the number indicating better fastness. Dye and the binding forces A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied. Dyes are classified according to their solubility and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vat Yellow 1
Vat Yellow 1 is a vat dye, yellow in appearance under some conditions used in cloth dyeing. Its synonyms are flavanthrone and Indofast Yellow, and it is in the class of anthraquinone Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic organic compound with formula . Isomers include various quinone derivatives. The term anthraquinone however refers to the isomer, 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxo ...-type compounds. References Anthraquinone dyes Vat dyes Nitrogen heterocycles {{chemistry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vat Red 29
Pigment Red 190 (C.I. 71140), also called Vat Red 29, is a synthetic organic compound that is used both as a pigment and as a vat dye. Although structurally a derivative of perylene, it is produced from acenaphthene.K. Hunger. W. Herbst "Pigments, Organic" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2012. It is usually applied for cotton fabric, jig dyeing, PVA and silk dyeing, still may processed into organic pigment A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water. In contrast, dyes are typically soluble, at least at some stage in their use. Generally dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic compo .... References {{organic-compound-stub Perylene dyes Vat dyes Imides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dibromoanthanthrone
Dibromoanthanthrone is a scarlet or orange-red-hue synthetic organic colourant. It is an anthraquinone derivative, first synthesized in 1913 as a vat dye, C.I. Vat Orange 3 (C.I. 59300), and later on also as a pigment A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water. In contrast, dyes are typically soluble, at least at some stage in their use. Generally dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic compo ..., C.I. Pigment Red 168. References Quinones Vat dyes Organic pigments Organobromides Polycyclic aromatic compounds {{aromatic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vat Green 9
Vat Green 9 is a green colored vat dye. It is derived from violanthrone Violanthrone, also known as dibenzanthrone, is an organic compound that serves as a vat dye and a precursor to other vat dyes. X-ray crystallography confirms that the molecule is planar with C2v symmetry Symmetry (from grc, συμμετρ .... References Polycyclic aromatic compounds Ketones Vat dyes Nitro compounds {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vat Blue 36
Vat Blue 36 is a vat dye that is chemically related to indigo. It is produced by condensation Condensation is the change of the state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. The word most often refers to the water cycle. It can also be defined as the change in the state of water vapor to ... of 4-methyl-5-chloro-7-methoxy-3-indolinone and 5,7–dichloro-3-(2H)-thianaphthenone. References Indigo structure dyes Vat dyes Benzothiophenes Chloroarenes Phenol ethers Indolines {{organic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Violanthrone
Violanthrone, also known as dibenzanthrone, is an organic compound that serves as a vat dye and a precursor to other vat dyes. X-ray crystallography confirms that the molecule is planar with C2v symmetry. Isomeric with violanthrone is isoviolanthrone, which has a centrosymmetric structure. Synthesis It is produced by coupling of two molecules of benzanthrone Benzanthrone (BZA) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It is a yellow solid. Its derivatives are used as a dyestuff intermediate for anthraquinone-based dyes. Dehydrogenative coupling gives violanthrone. It is prepared by reduction of anthroq ....Heinrich Zollinger, Color Chemistry: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments, 3rd edition, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2003, , p. 291 : References {{Reflist Fluorescent dyes Ketones Polycyclic aromatic compounds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indanthrone Blue
Indanthrone blue, also called indanthrene, is an organic compound with the formula . It is a dark blue solid that is a common dye as well as a precursor to other dyes. Preparation The compound made from 2- aminoanthraquinone treated with potassium hydroxide. Applications It is a pigment that can be used in the following media: acrylic, alkyd, casein, encaustic, fresco, gouache, linseed oil, tempera, pastel, and watercolor painting. It is used to dye unmordanted cotton and as a pigment in quality paints and enamels. As a food dye, it has E number E130, but it is not approved for use in either the United States or the European Union. It has excellent light fastness, but may bleed in some organic solvents. Indanthrone blue was the first example of the brand "Indanthren" (an acronym for ''Indigo from anthracene'') introduced by BASF in 1901. One coincidental result is that even now, in Japan vat dye Vat dyes are a class of dyes that are classified as such because of the method b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthroquinone
Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic organic compound with formula . Isomers include various quinone derivatives. The term anthraquinone however refers to the isomer, 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: 9,10-dioxoanthracene) wherein the keto groups are located on the central ring. It is a building block of many dyes and is used in bleaching pulp for papermaking. It is a yellow, highly crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water but soluble in hot organic solvents. It is almost completely insoluble in ethanol near room temperature but 2.25 g will dissolve in 100 g of boiling ethanol. It is found in nature as the rare mineral hoelite. Synthesis There are several current industrial methods to produce 9,10-anthraquinone: # The oxidation of anthracene. Chromium(VI) is the typical oxidant. # The Friedel-Crafts reaction of benzene and phthalic anhydride in presence of AlCl3. o-Benzoylbenzoic acid is an intermediate. This reaction is useful for producing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Light
Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 terahertz, between the infrared (with longer wavelengths) and the ultraviolet (with shorter wavelengths). In physics, the term "light" may refer more broadly to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength, whether visible or not. In this sense, gamma rays, X-rays, microwaves and radio waves are also light. The primary properties of light are intensity, propagation direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum and polarization. Its speed in a vacuum, 299 792 458 metres a second (m/s), is one of the fundamental constants of nature. Like all types of electromagnetic radiation, visible light propagates by massless elementary particles called photons that represents the quanta of electromagnetic field, and can be analyzed as both waves and par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Light")