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Vapniarka RB
Vapniarka ( uk, Вапнярка), also known as Vapniarca, Vapnyarka, Wapnjarka or Wapniarka, is an urban-type settlement in Tulchyn Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine, known since 1870 as a railroad station. Its name from the Ukrainian language translates as a Lime (material), lime (gypsum) settlement. As of January 2022 Vapniarka's population was approximately During World War II, following the start of Operation Barbarossa, Vapniarka was administered by Romania. From October 22, 1941, to March 1944, it was included in the region of Transnistria (World War II), Transnistria and became the site for a Vapniarka concentration camp, concentration camp for members of the History of the Jews in Romania, Romanian Jewish community. This succession of events formed a part of the Holocaust in Romania. Today, Vapniarka serves as the final train destination for visitors traveling to villages in Tomashpilskyi and Yampilskyi Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast. From here, buses or private transportatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urban-type Settlements
Urban-type settlementrussian: посёлок городско́го ти́па, translit=posyolok gorodskogo tipa, abbreviated: russian: п.г.т., translit=p.g.t.; ua, селище міського типу, translit=selyshche mis'koho typu, abbreviated: uk, с.м.т., translit=s.m.t.; be, пасёлак гарадскога тыпу, translit=pasiolak haradskoha typu; pl, osiedle typu miejskiego; bg, селище от градски тип, translit=selishte ot gradski tip; ro, așezare de tip orășenesc. is an official designation for a semi-urban settlement (previously called a "town"), used in several Eastern European countries. The term was historically used in Bulgaria, Poland, and the Soviet Union, and remains in use today in 10 of the post-Soviet states. The designation was used in all 15 member republics of the Soviet Union from 1922, when it replaced a number of terms that could have been translated by the English term "town" (Russia – ''posad'', Ukraine & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transnistria (World War II)
The Transnistria Governorate ( ro, Guvernământul Transnistriei) was a Romanian-administered territory between the Dniester and Southern Bug, conquered by the Axis Powers from the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa and occupied from 19 August 1941 to 29 January 1944. Limited in the west by the Dniester river (separating it from Bessarabia), in the east by the Southern Bug river (separating it from the German Reichskommissariat Ukraine), and in the south by the Black Sea, it comprised the present-day region of Transnistria (which compared to the World War II whole is only a small strip along the bank of the Dniester) and territories further east (modern Odesa Oblast eastward of the Dniester, southern Vinnytsia Oblast and a small part of eastern Mykolaiv Oblast), including the Black Sea port of Odesa, which became the administrative capital of Transnistria during World War II. In World War II, the Kingdom of Romania, persuaded and aided by Nazi Germany, took control of Transn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jandarmeria Română
The ''Jandarmeria Română'' () is the national Gendarmerie force of Romania, tasked with high-risk and specialized law enforcement duties. It is one of the two main police forces in Romania (the other being the Romanian Police - a civilian force), both having jurisdiction over the civilian population. The gendarmerie is subordinated Ministry of Internal Affairs and does not have responsibility for policing the Romanian Armed Forces. This duty lies with the Military Police subordinated to the Romanian Land Forces. History The beginnings The first Gendarmerie corps was created on 3 April 1850 in Moldavia by Prince Grigore Alexandru Ghica. After the Union of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1859 under Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the Gendarmerie was subordinated to the Ministry of War as a separate armed force.''Repere istorice'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhus
Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. Epidemic typhus is due to ''Rickettsia prowazekii'' spread by body lice, scrub typhus is due to ''Orientia tsutsugamushi'' spread by chiggers, and murine typhus is due to ''Rickettsia typhi'' spread by fleas. Vaccines have been developed, but none are commercially available. Prevention is achieved by reducing exposure to the organisms that spread the disease. Treatment is with the antibiotic doxycycline. Epidemic typhus generally occurs in outbreaks when poor sanitary conditions and crowding are present. While once common, it is now rare. Scrub typhus occurs in Southeast Asia, Japan, and northern Australia. Murine typhus occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Odessa
Odesa (also spelled Odessa) is the third most populous city and municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea. The city is also the administrative centre of the Odesa Raion and Odesa Oblast, as well as a multiethnic cultural centre. As of January 2021 Odesa's population was approximately In classical antiquity a large Greek settlement existed at its location. The first chronicle mention of the Slavic settlement-port of Kotsiubijiv, which was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, dates back to 1415, when a ship was sent from here to Constantinople by sea. After a period of Lithuanian Grand Duchy control, the port and its surroundings became part of the domain of the Ottomans in 1529, under the name Hacibey, and remained there until the empire's defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1792. In 1794, the modern city of Odesa was founded by a decree of the Russian empress Catherine t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sobolivka (Teplytskyi Raion)
Sobolivka ( uk, Соболівка) is a village in Haisyn Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast in west-central Ukraine. Population is 3,752 (2004). On territory of village is: railway station of Duklya, saccharine (does not work) brickwork, 2 schools, 2 children garden, house of culture, hospital, church (Rizdvyano-bogoroditskiy temple - 1790, 1852 reconstructed). The river of Derkachka flows through the village. Distance is from Sobolivki to Kyiv - 293 kilometres. History The settlement of Sobolivka was founded in the place where once existed the city of Sables, founded the Buh Cossacks for protecting of edge from the raids of Tatars. An original fortress was furnished two large earthen billows. Tatars pranged a fortress, and populations destroyed. Afterwards here was a new settlement with the name of Sobolivka, which entered in the complement of domains of the Polish counts of Pototskikh. Until 18 July 2020, Sobolivka was located in the Teplyk Raion. The raion was abolished and its te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomashpil
Tomashpil (, literally "the city of St Thomas", ) is an urban-type settlement in the eastern Podolia, specifically in Tulchyn Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast in central Ukraine. Tomashpil is situated on the banks of the Rusava River. Tomashpil is the administrative district of Tomashpil Raion (780 km2), home to 40.608 people scattered over the town and 30 villages around. Population: The closest railway station is Vapniarka, 19 km away. It is accessible by taxi or a small bus called a 'Marshrutka'. History The area of Tomshpil and all of Bratslav Voivodeship was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1569. And in 1569 (with the Union of Lublin) it passed to the Polish kingdom. The first historical mention in the documents dates to 1616, when Tomashpil and the entire Podolia belonged to the Kingdom of Poland (Polish Crown). During Polish rule Tomshpil belonged to Braclaw Voivoidship. In 1793, during the Second Partition of Poland, Tomashpil and Eastern Podolia passed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olhopil, Vinnytsia Oblast
Olhopil ( uk, Ольго́піль, russian: Ольгополь) is a village in Haisyn Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. First known since 1780 as Rohuzka Chechelnytska ( uk, Рогузка Чечельницька; or Рогузки-Чечельницькі) it was a border town between Rzeczpospolita and Budjak Horde. In 1795 it was renamed Olgopol by Ekaterina II in the name of her granddaughter, Olga Pavlovna. It was also known as Holopol.Mikhail Levchenko. Hanshchyna (Ганьщина Україна)'. Opyt russko-ukrainskago slovari︠a︡. Tip. Gubernskago upravlenii︠a︡, 1874. In Imperial Russia it used to be a small town, the center of Olgopol uyezd of Podolia Governorate. Before the 1917 Revolution, Olgopol (also, spelled Olhopil) was a district town in the province of Podolia. The Jewish population in 1847 was 247; by 1897 the number had increased to 2,473. Olgopol suffered heavily in 1919 at the hands of the Ukrainian bands which were active in the surrounding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dzyhivka
Dzyhivka ( uk, Дзигівка) is one of the oldest villages in central Ukraine, of Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast. It is located in the historical region of Podolia, on the Korytna Stream that flows into the Rusava River, a tributary of the Dniester River. History Ancient history Human inhabitants have lived in the region since at least the Neolithic period, with Bug-Dniester culture and Cucuteni-Trypillian culture archeological settlements found in the Yampіlsky Raion. During the Great Migration Period, many nationalities passed through or settled in the region, leaving numerous traces in archaeological remains, including the Cuman people, Kipchak people, Pechenegs, Polans, and Korchak culture. The main language was Proto-Slavic. Nestor in the Primary Chronicle mentions Slavic tribes, the Tivertsi and Ulichs along the Dniester. The Avars invaded in the 7th century. Prince Oleg of Kiev, extended his rule over this territory known as the ''ponizie'', or "lowland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Busha
Busha ( uk, Буша) is a village situated in Podolia region in Ukraine, on the junction of the Murafa and Bushanka Rivers in Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion in Vinnytsia Oblast, near the Moldovan border. It got the status of a city in the early 17th century. In 1629 there were 2000 people living in this city. History Busha is known in history because of the Peace of Busza that was signed in this village between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire on September 23, 1617. During the mid-17th century, the city, situated in Bracław Voivodeship of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was also the site of several battles between Poles and Ukrainian Cossacks. The fortress In the second half of the 17th century, a big fortress with 6 towers, belonging to an administrative and military unit of the Ukrainian Cossack state named Bratslav regiment, was built in the centre of the village. During the Crossack-Polish War (1648–1657) the castle was attacked several times ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is commonly translated as "district" in English. A raion is a standardized administrative entity across most of the former Soviet Union and is usually a subdivision two steps below the national level, such as a subdivision of an oblast. However, in smaller USSR republics, it could be the primary level of administrative division. After the fall of the Soviet Union, some of the republics kept the ''raion'' (e.g. Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan) while others dropped it (e.g. Georgia, Uzbekistan, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Armenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan). In Bulgaria, it refers to an internal administrative subdivision of a city not related to the administrative division of the country as a whole, or, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocaust In Romania
The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory. Minimal until the 18th century, the size of the Jewish population increased after around 1850, and more especially after the establishment of ''Greater Romania'' in the aftermath of World War I. A diverse community, albeit an overwhelmingly urban one, Jews were a target of religious persecution and racism in Romanian societyfrom the late-19th century debate over the "Jewish Question" and the Jewish residents' right to citizenship, to the genocide carried out in the lands of Romania as part of the Holocaust. The latter, coupled with successive waves of ''aliyah'', has accounted for a dramatic decrease in the overall size of Romania's present-day Jewish community. Jewish communities existed in Romanian territory in the 2nd century AD, after Roman annexation of Dacia in 106 AD. During the reign of Peter the Lame (1574– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
