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Valle De La Mocha
Valle de la Mocha ("the Valley of Mocha") is a plain in Chile on the north shore of the Bio-Bio River that contained the '' reducción'' of Mapuche who were transported in 1685, from Mocha Island by Governor José de Garro; from which the valley and plain took its name. Governor Domingo Ortiz de Rosas transferred the old city of Concepcion to this site from Penco after the May 25, 1751 Concepción earthquake. See also *Coastal plains of Chile The coastal plains of Chile ( es, Planicies litorales) are a series of discontinuous coastal plains found over much of Chile. Together with the Chilean Coast Range, the Chilean Central Valley and the Andes proper the coastal plains are one of th ... Sources Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, SEGUNDA EDICIÓN CORREGIDA Y AUMENTADA, NUEVA YORK, D. APPLETON Y COMPAÑÍA. 1899.pg. 450 Valle de la Mocha Landforms of Biobío Region Plains of Chile {{Biobío-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Chile covers an area of , with a population of 17.5 million as of 2017. It shares land borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the north-east, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chile also controls the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. It also claims about of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The country's capital and largest city is Santiago, and its national language is Spanish. Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule, but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. In 1818, after declaring in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Reductions
Reductions ( es, reducciones, also called ; , pl. ) were settlements created by Spanish rulers and Roman Catholic missionaries in Spanish America and the Spanish East Indies (the Philippines). In Portuguese-speaking Latin America, such reductions were also called ''aldeias''. The Spanish and Portuguese relocated, forcibly in many cases, indigenous inhabitants (''Indians'' or ''Indios'') of their colonies into urban settlements modeled on those in Spain and Portugal. The word "reduction" can be understood wrongly as meaning "to reduce." Rather, the 1611 Spanish dictionary by Sebastián de Covarrubias defines ''reducción'' (reduction) as "to convince, persuade, or to order." The goals of reductions were to concentrate indigenous people into settled communities and to convert the Indians to Christianity and impose European culture. The concentration of the indigenous into towns facilitated the organization and exploitation of their labor. Reductions could be either religi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mapuche
The Mapuche ( (Mapuche & Spanish: )) are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious, and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage as Mapudungun speakers. Their habitat once extended from Aconcagua Valley to Chiloé Archipelago and later spread eastward to Puelmapu, a land comprising part of the Argentine pampa and Patagonia. Today the collective group makes up over 80% of the indigenous peoples in Chile, and about 9% of the total Chilean population. The Mapuche are particularly concentrated in the Araucanía region. Many have migrated from rural areas to the cities of Santiago and Buenos Aires for economic opportunities. The Mapuche traditional economy is based on agriculture; their traditional social organization consists of extended families, under the direction of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mocha Island
Mocha Island ( es, link=no, Isla Mocha ) is a small Chilean island located west of the coast of Arauco Province in the Pacific Ocean. The island is approximately in area, with a small chain of mountains running roughly in north-south direction. In Mapuche mythology, the souls of dead people travel west to visit this island. The island today is home to the Mocha Island National Reserve, a nature reserve that covers approximately 45% of the island's surface. The island is noted as the location of numerous historic shipwrecks. The waters off the island are a popular place for recreational sea fishing. The Pacific degu (''Octodon pacificus''), also known as the Mocha Island degu, a species of rodent in the family Octodontidae, is endemic to Mocha Island. Geology Geologically, the island is made of sedimentary rock stratum of Ranquil Formation, a formation whose main outcrops lie in the continent. The island was permanently uplifted as result of the 2010 Chile earthquake but this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José De Garro
Marcos José de Garro Senei de Artola, nicknamed "El Santo" ("The Saint"), (1623–1702) was a Spanish military man who served in many positions in the colonial administration of the Spanish Empire. He served as governor of Tucumán from 1675–1678, governor of Buenos Aires from 1678–1682 and governor of Chile from 1682-1692. In Spain, he was military commander of the garrison at Gibraltar and Captain General of the Basque Country, a charge which he held until his death in 1702. In the colonies, his nickname was "''El Santo''" ("The Saint") for his religious piety. He is most well known for his successful attack on the competing Portuguese settlement at Colonia del Sacramento, constituting the first Spanish capture of the town. Beginning of his military career Garro was born in Mondragón, Guipúzcoa. As a youth, Garro enlisted in the Spanish Army and participated in campaigns in Catalonia and Portugal, until he reached the rank of colonel (''maestre de campo'', the rank immedia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domingo Ortiz De Rosas
Domingo Ortiz de Rosas y García de Villasuso, 1st Marquis of Poblaciones ( es, Domingo Ortiz de Rosas y García de Villasuso, primer Marqués de Poblaciones) (1683–1756) was a Spanish soldier who served as governor of Chile. As Governor of Chile Ortiz de Rosas was Governor from 1746 to 1755, during which time he moved the city of Concepción from its old location (today's city of Penco) to its current place. In addition, he founded a number of cities: *Casablanca (''Santa Bárbara de Casablanca'') *Coelemu (''Villa Jesús de Coelemu'') *La Ligua (''Santo Domingo de Rosas de la Ligua'') *Petorca (''Santa Ana de Briviescas'') *Quirihue (''San Antonio Abad de Quirihue'') Other notable acts undertaken during his government were the creation, on March 11, 1747, of the first University in the colonial territory of Chile: the Royal University of San Felipe (''Real Universidad de San Felipe''), of which the first rector was Tomás de Azúa e IturgoyenThis university would eventually b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penco
Penco (Mapudungun: See (''Pen''), Water (''Ko'')), is a Chilean city and commune in Concepción Province, Bío Bío Region on the Bay of Concepción. Founded as the city of Concepción del Nuevo Extremo ('beginning of the new extreme') on February 12, 1550 by Pedro de Valdivia, it is the third oldest city in Chile, after capital Santiago founded first in 1541 and La Serena second in 1544. As there may be confusion between the demonyms of the inhabitants of Concepción and Penco. Due to the previous location of Concepción, inhabitants of that city are called ''penquistas'' while inhabitants of Penco are known as ''pencones''. History In previous centuries, in the current location of Penco, was the first location where the city of Concepción was established, which is now the capital of the Bíobío Region. It was destroyed by Lautaro in 1554, and rebuilt and destroyed again by Lautaro in 1555. * It was reestablished in 1557 during the governorship of marquess García Hurtado ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1751 Concepción Earthquake
The 1751 Concepción earthquake was one of the strongest and most destructive recorded quakes in Chilean history. It struck the Central Valley of the country, destroying the cities of Concepción, Chillán, Cauquenes, Curicó and Talca,Crónica de la Araucania: Descubrimiento i conquista, pacificación definitiva, Horacio LaraHistoria General de Chile, Diego Barros Arana probably on May 24, 1751, although there is currently a debate among scholars as to the exact date of the earthquake (see also " Other dates"). Background The city of Concepción had already been hit by several earthquakes. On this occasion the city was still in the process of recovering from the earthquake and tsunami that completely destroyed the city in 1730. Hours before the earthquake, on the night of May 23, there were several tremors. This had caused some Concepción residents, accustomed to earthquakes, to prepare for the worst. Development The disaster was composed of two parts: the earthquake itsel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coastal Plains Of Chile
The coastal plains of Chile ( es, Planicies litorales) are a series of discontinuous coastal plains found over much of Chile. Together with the Chilean Coast Range, the Chilean Central Valley and the Andes proper the coastal plains are one of the main landscape units of Chile. In Coquimbo and Valparaíso regions these plains are of fluvial or marine origin, and sometimes of combined fluvial and marine origin. See also *Coastal Cliff of northern Chile 250px, View of the arid mountains near Iquique ending abruptly in the Pacific Ocean. The Coastal Cliff of northern Chile ( es, Acantilado Costero) stretches over a length of more than 1000 km along the Atacama Desert. It makes up a large part of ... References {{reflist Geography of Chile Coasts of Chile Plains of Chile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
