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Uncinocarpus
''Uncinocarpus'' is a genus of fungi within the Onygenaceae family. The name is derived from the Latin word ''uncinus'', meaning "hook" and the Greek word ''karpos'' (καρπός), meaning "fruit". It was distinguished from the genus ''Gymnoascus'' based on keratinolytic capacity, ascospore morphology and the development of hooked, occasionally spiraling appendages. Alternatively, ''Uncinocarpus'' species may possess helically coiled or smooth, wavy appendages, or lack appendages altogether, an example of such species being '' U. orissi''. Being a close non-pathogenic relative of the pathogenic dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, which cause Coccidioidomycosis, it is used in genomic research to help develop human vaccination, which might alleviate the Valley fever A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncinocarpus Reesii
''Uncinocarpus reesii'' is a species of saprotrophic microfungi that grows in soil and on keratinous materials such as hair, feathers and skin. It was the first species to be designated as part of the genus ''Uncinocarpus'', owing in part to its characteristic development of hooked (uncinate) appendages. As the closest non-pathogenic relative of ''Coccidioides immitis'' and ''Coccidioides posadasii, C. posadasii'', it has become a subject of research interest. History and taxonomy ''Uncinocarpus reesii'' was first recognized under the name ''Gymnoascus uncinatus'' by German taxonomist species:Michael Emil Eduard Eidam, Michael Emil Eduard Eidam in 1893. The species is named after Robert Rees, an Australian mycologist who provided isolates of ''G. uncinatus'' to Lynne Sigler and G.F. Orr, who in 1976 proposed the re-designation of this species as the first a new genus: ''Uncinocarpus''. This redesignation was based largely in part due to the species' characteristic development of h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncinocarpus Queenslandicus
''Uncinocarpus queenslandicus'' is a species of microfungi that grows in soil and keratinous materials, such as hair. It was the fourth species to be designated as part of the genus ''Uncinocarpus''. Its name is derived from the Australian state of Queensland, where it was first isolated. Taxonomy Three synonyms for ''U. queenslandicus'' were first described in 1976 by A.E. Apinis and R.G. Rees as ''Apinisa queenslandicus'' during a survey of keratinous soil fungi in Queensland, Australia. Indian mycologists Banani Sur and Gouri R. Ghosh first described ''Orromyces spiralis'' in 1985 during a survey of keratinophilic soil fungi. In 1987, Spanish mycologists J. Guarro, L. Punsola and J. Cano first described ''Byssonygena reticulata'' as the type species of a new genus. Canadian mycologists Lynne Sigler, Arlene Flis and J.W. Carmichael first proposed that all three of these species be placed in the genus ''Uncinocarpus'' in 1998. Though crossings between these three species and ''U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncinocarpus Orissi
''Uncinocarpus orissi'' is a species of microfungus that grows on dung and other keratinous materials, such as hair. It was the third species to be designated as part of the genus ''Uncinocarpus'' by Canadian mycologists Lynne Sigler, Arlene Flis and J.W. Carmichael in 1998 as a synonym for ''Pseudoarachniotus orissi'' and ''Aphanoascus orissi''. Description In culture, colonies of ''U. orissi'' are yellowish white in colour before darkening to buff or brownish-orange. Colonies are flat, dense and take on a woolly to coarsely powdery texture. ''U. orissi'' degrades keratin relatively quickly. ''U. orissi'' has a heterothallic mating system, requiring two compatible "sexes" for sexual reproduction to occur. It produces urease Ureases (), functionally, belong to the superfamily of amidohydrolases and phosphotriesterases. Ureases are found in numerous bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, and some invertebrates, as well as in soils, as a soil enzyme. They are nickel-containin ... enzyme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uncinocarpus Uncinatus
''Uncinocarpus uncinatus'' is a species of microfungi that grows on dung and other keratinous materials such as bone. It was the second species to be designated as part of the genus ''Uncinocarpus ''Uncinocarpus'' is a genus of fungi within the Onygenaceae family. The name is derived from the Latin word ''uncinus'', meaning "hook" and the Greek word ''karpos'' (καρπός), meaning "fruit". It was distinguished from the genus ''Gymnoascu ...''. The species was first described by Randolph S. Currah in 1985; synonyms include ''Myxotrichum uncinatum'' and ''Gymnoascus uncinatus''. Morphology In culture, colonies of ''U. uncinatus'' are yellow to orange-brown to red-brown in colour, growing paler towards the margin. Like other members of ''Uncinocarpus'', it develops hooked and occasionally spiralling (uncinate) appendages which typically, but not always, possess spore-bearing structures (gymnothecia). The appendages of ''U. uncinatus'' are thick and wide to the distal end, unlik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onygenaceae
The Onygenaceae are a family (biology), family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Eurotiomycetes. Genera These are the genera that are in the Onygenaceae, according to a 2021 review of fungal classification. Following the genus name is the Author citation (botany), taxonomic authority (those who first circumscribed the genus; standardized author abbreviations are used), year of publication, and the estimated number of species. * ''Amauroascus'' – 15 spp. * ''Aphanoascus'' – 18 spp. * ''Apinisia'' – 3 spp. * ''Arachnotheca'' – 1 sp. * ''Ascocalvatia'' – 1 sp. * ''Auxarthron'' – 13 spp. * ''Auxarthronopsis'' – 2 spp. * ''Bifidocarpus'' – 2 spp. * ''Byssoonygena'' – 1 sp. * ''Canomyces'' – 1 sp. * ''Castanedomyces'' – 1 sp. * ''Chlamydosauromyces'' – 1 sp. * ''Chrysosporium'' – 66 spp. * ''Coccidioides'' – 6 spp. * ''Currahomyces'' – 1 sp. * ''Kuehniella'' – 2 spp. * ''Leucothecium'' – 3 spp. * ''Malbranchea'' – 23 spp. * ''Myoti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccidioides Immitis
''Coccidioides immitis'' is a pathogenic fungus that resides in the soil in certain parts of the southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and a few other areas in the Western Hemisphere. Epidemiology ''C. immitis'', along with its relative '' C. posadasii'', is most commonly seen in the desert regions of the southwestern United States, including certain areas of Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, and Utah; and in Central and South America in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, and Venezuela. Precise location ''C. immitis'' is largely found in California, but also Baja California and Arizona, while ''C. posadasii'' is regularly found in Texas, northern Mexico and in Central and South America. Both ''C. immitis'' and ''C. posadasii'' are present in Arizona.Hospenthal, Duane R., and Michael G. Rinaldi. Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Mycoses. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press, 2007, p. 296-297. C. immitis is more common west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onygenales
The Onygenales are an order of fungi in the class Eurotiomycetes and division Ascomycota. The order's last common ancestor is estimated to have lived 150 million years ago. Onygenales can consume and break down keratin, the main component of the outer layer of skin. They are primarily found on animals, droppings, and areas frequented by animals. Many are dimorphic, and can change from mold to yeast form depending on their environment. Many onygenalean fungi are pathogens. One species, ''Trichophyton rubrum'', is the primary cause of athlete's foot. This order also includes Coccidioides implicated in Valley fever. The Onygenales are important as emerging human pathogens because of the rising rates of immunosuppression due to live-organ transplant, HIV/AIDS, and autoimmune disorders such as lupus erythematosus Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. Symptoms of these disease ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valley Fever
A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over a very long period. Some valleys are formed through erosion by glacial ice. These glaciers may remain present in valleys in high mountains or polar areas. At lower latitudes and altitudes, these glacially formed valleys may have been created or enlarged during ice ages but now are ice-free and occupied by streams or rivers. In desert areas, valleys may be entirely dry or carry a watercourse only rarely. In areas of limestone bedrock, dry valleys may also result from drainage now taking place underground rather than at the surface. Rift valleys arise principally from earth movements, rather than erosion. Many different types of valleys are described by geographers, using terms that may be global in use or else applied only locally. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccidioidomycosis
Coccidioidomycosis (, ), commonly known as cocci, Valley fever, as well as California fever, desert rheumatism, or San Joaquin Valley fever, is a mammalian fungal disease caused by ''Coccidioides immitis'' or ''Coccidioides posadasii''. Coccidioidomycosis is endemic in certain parts of the United States in Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and northern Mexico. ''C. immitis'' is a dimorphic saprophytic fungus that grows as a mycelium in the soil and produces a spherule form in the host organism. It resides in the soil in certain parts of the southwestern United States, most notably in California and Arizona. It is also commonly found in northern Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. ''C. immitis'' is dormant during long dry spells, then develops as a mold with long filaments that break off into airborne spores when it rains. The spores, known as arthroconidia, are swept into the air by disruption of the soil, such as during construction, farming, lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coccidioides Posadasii
''Coccidioides posadasii'' is a pathogenic fungus that, along with ''Coccidioides immitis'', is the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis, or valley fever in humans. It resides in the soil in certain parts of the Southwestern United States, northern Mexico, and some other areas in the Americas, but its evolution was connected to its animal hosts. ''C. posadasii'' and ''C. immitis'' are morphologically identical, but genetically and epidemiologically distinct. ''C. posadasii'' was identified as a separate species other than ''C. immitis'' in 2002 after a phylogenetic analysis. The two species can be distinguished by DNA polymorphisms and different rates of growth in the presence of high salt concentrations: ''C. posadasii'' grows more slowly. It also differs epidemiologically, since it is found outside the San Joaquin Valley. Unlike ''C. immitis'', which is geographically largely limited to California, ''C. posadasii'' can also be found in northern Mexico and South America. Earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Language
Greek ( el, label=Modern Greek, Ελληνικά, Elliniká, ; grc, Ἑλληνική, Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Italy (Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems. The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. Beginning with the epics of Homer, ancient Greek literature includes many works of lasting impo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospore
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
