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UNGG Reactor
The UNGG (''Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz'') is an obsolete nuclear power reactor design developed in France. It was graphite neutron moderator, moderated, cooled by carbon dioxide, and fueled with natural uranium metal. The first generation of French nuclear power stations were UNGGs, as was Vandellos unit 1 in Spain. Of the ten units built, all were shut down by the end of 1994, most for economic reasons due to staffing costs. The UNGG and the Magnox are the two main types of gas cooled reactor (GCR). A UNGG reactor is often referred to simply as a ''GCR'' in English documents, or sometimes loosely as a ''Magnox''. It was developed independently of and in parallel to the British Magnox design, and to meet similar requirements of simultaneous production of electric power and plutonium. The first UNGG reactors at Marcoule used horizontal fuel channels and a concrete containment structure. Chinon Nuclear Power Plant, Chinon A1 used vertical fuel channels, as did the British Magnox ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A1 A2 Saint Laurent
A1, A-1, A01 or A.1. may refer to: Education * A1, the Basic Language Certificate of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages * Language A1, the former name for "Language A: literature", one of the IB Group 1 subjects * A1, a secondary school subdivision in the Education in the Republic of the Congo, Congolese education system * A1, a baccalauréat series in the education system of some parts of France * A1, a baccalaureate in the Gabonese education system, see Education in Gabon * A1, the highest category of Qualified Flying Instructor in the Central Flying School of the UK Royal Air Force Grades * A1, a grade for the Irish Leaving Certificate, Leaving Certificate, a qualification in the education system of Ireland * A1, the highest obtainable grade for the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia examination in Malaysia * A1, a grade for the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination in Nigeria, see Education in Nigeria * A1, a grade for the Singaporean GCE 'O' Level, an ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnox (alloy)
Magnox is an alloy—mainly of magnesium with small amounts of aluminium and other metals—used in cladding unenriched uranium metal fuel with a non-oxidising covering to contain fission products in nuclear reactors. Magnox is short for Magnesium non-oxidising. This material has the advantage of a low neutron capture cross section, but has two major disadvantages: *It limits the maximum temperature (to about 415 Celsius), and hence the thermal efficiency, of the plant. *It reacts with water, preventing long-term storage of spent fuel under water in spent fuel pools. The magnox alloy Al80 has a composition of 0.8% aluminium and 0.004% beryllium. See also * Magnox Magnox is a type of nuclear power/production reactor that was designed to run on natural uranium with graphite as the moderator and carbon dioxide gas as the heat exchange coolant. It belongs to the wider class of gas-cooled reactors. The n ... nuclear power reactors. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Magn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vandellòs I Nuclear Accident
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* Vandellòs town *Vandellòs i l'Hospitalet de l'Infant municipality *Vandellòs Nuclear Power Plant The Vandellòs Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant in Vandellòs located close to the Coll de Balaguer pass (Baix Camp comarca) in Catalonia, Spain. Unit one was a 508 MWe carbon dioxide gas cooled reactor modeled on the UNGG reactor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Power In France
Since the mid 1980s, the largest source of electricity in France is Nuclear power, with a generation of 379.5 TWh in 2019 and a total electricity production of . In 2018, the nuclear share was 71.67%, the highest percentage in the world. Since June 2020, it has 56 operable reactors totalling 61,370 MWe, one under construction (1630 MWe), and 14 shut down or in decommissioning (5,549 MWe). In May 2022, EDF reported that twelve reactors were shut down and being inspected for stress corrosion, requiring EDF to adjust its French nuclear output estimate for 2022 to 280-300 TWh; the estimate of the impact of the decrease in output on the Group's EBITDA for 2022 was assessed to be -€18,5 billion. Électricité de France (EDF)the country's main electricity generation and distribution company – manages the country's 56 power reactors. EDF is substantially owned by the French Government, with around 85% shares in government hands. "Shareholding policy". Électricité de France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vandellòs Nuclear Power Plant
The Vandellòs Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant in Vandellòs located close to the Coll de Balaguer pass (Baix Camp comarca) in Catalonia, Spain. Unit one was a 508 MWe carbon dioxide gas cooled reactor modeled on the UNGG reactor at the Saint Laurent Nuclear Power Plant in France. It was shut down on July 31, 1990, following an accident that damaged one of its two turbogenerators on 19 October 1989. Important nuclear safety functions in the plant were impaired by the fire, and the event was later classified as a level 3 event in the International Nuclear Event Scale. Unit two is a 1087 MWe PWR. The station's owners are: 72% Endesa and 28% Iberdrola. See also *Nuclear power in Spain References External links Nuclear Power Plants - Spainat the Nuclear Tourist website. NEA Profile - Spain INES International Nuclear Event Scale. Vandellos 1 NPP dismantling at the level 1(PDF Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugey Nuclear Power Plant
The Bugey Nuclear Power Plant is located in Bugey in the Saint-Vulbas commune (Ain), about 75 km from the Swiss border. The site occupies 100 hectares. It is on the edge of the Rhône River, from where it gets its cooling water, and is about 35 km upstream from Lyon and 72 km from Grenoble. About 1,200 people work at the site. The site houses 4 currently operating units, all being pressurized water reactors. The 5th reactor (unit 1) is currently being dismantled. It was the last UNGG reactor built in the world. Some of the cooling comes from direct use of the Rhône water (units 2 and 3) while some is done by the use of cooling towers (units 4 and 5). Seismic activity The area is not known for its seismic activity. In the last few years, the plant was modernized to updated earthquake resistance standards. Heat dumping During the heat wave on 20 July 2003, waste heat Waste heat is heat that is produced by a machine, or other process that uses energy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loir-et-Cher
Loir-et-Cher (, ) is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. Its name is originated from two rivers which cross it, the Loir in its northern part and the Cher in its southern part. Its prefecture is Blois. The INSEE and La Poste gave it the number 41. It had a population of 329,470 in 2019.Populations légales 2019: 41 Loir-et-Cher INSEE History The department of Loir-et-Cher covers a territory which had a substantial population during the prehistoric period. However it was not until the that local inhabitants built various castles and other fortifications to enable them to withstand a series of invasions of |
Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Plant
The Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Station is located in the commune of Saint-Laurent-Nouan in Loir-et-Cher on the Loire Р28 km upstream from Blois and 30 km downstream from Orl̩ans. The site includes two operating pressurized water reactors (each 900MWe), which began operation in 1983. They are cooled by the water of the Loire River. Two other UNGG reactors used to exist at the site, which were brought into service in 1969 and 1971 and were retired in April 1990 and June 1992. The site employs approximately 670 regular workers. Incidents On 17 October 1969, 50 kg of uranium in one of the gas-cooled reactors began to melt. This event was classified at 4 on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES), and is, as of December 2011, the most severe civil nuclear power accident in France. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indre-et-Loire
Indre-et-Loire () is a department in west-central France named after the Indre River and Loire River The Loire (, also ; ; oc, Léger, ; la, Liger) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world. With a length of , it drains , more than a fifth of France's land, while its average discharge is only half that of the Rhôn .... In 2019, it had a population of 610,079.Populations légales 2019: 37 Indre-et-Loire INSEE Sometimes referred to as Touraine, the name of the historic region, it nowadays is part of the Centre-Val de Loire Regions of France, region. Its Prefectures in France, prefecture is Tours and Subprefectures in France, subprefectures are Chinon and Loches. Indre-et-Loire is a touristic destination for its numerous monuments that are part of the Chât ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Électricité De France
Électricité de France S.A. (literally ''Electricity of France''), commonly known as EDF, is a French multinational electric utility company, largely owned by the French state. Headquartered in Paris, with €71.2 billion in revenues in 2016, EDF operates a diverse portfolio of at least 120 gigawatts of generation capacity in Europe, South America, North America, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. In 2009, EDF was the world's largest producer of electricity. Its 56 active nuclear reactors (in France) are spread out over 18 sites (nuclear power plants). They comprise 32 reactors of 900 MWe, 20 reactors of 1,300 MWe, and 4 reactors of 1,450 MWe, all PWRs. EDF was created on 8 April 1946 by the 1945 parliament, from the merging of various divided actors. EDF led France's post-war energy growth, with a unique focus on civil nuclear energy, through reconstruction and further industrialization within the Trente Glorieuse, being a fleuron of France's new industrial landscape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commissariat à L'Énergie Atomique
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission or CEA (French language, French: :fr:Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), is a French public government-funded research organisation in the areas of energy, defense and security, information technologies and health technologies. The CEA maintains a cross-disciplinary culture of engineers and researchers, building on the synergies between fundamental and technological research. CEA is headed by a board headed by the general administrator (currently François Jacq since 20 April 2018), advised by the high-commissioner for atomic energy (currently Patrick Landais). Its yearly budget amounts to €5.1 billion and its permanent staff is slightly over 20,500 persons. It owned Areva. CEA was created in 1945; since then, the successive high-commissioners have been Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Francis Perrin (physicist), Francis Perrin, J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Reprocessing
Nuclear reprocessing is the chemical separation of fission products and actinides from spent nuclear fuel. Originally, reprocessing was used solely to extract plutonium for producing nuclear weapons. With commercialization of nuclear power, the reprocessed plutonium was recycled back into MOX nuclear fuel for thermal reactors. The reprocessed uranium, also known as the spent fuel material, can in principle also be re-used as fuel, but that is only economical when uranium supply is low and prices are high. A breeder reactor is not restricted to using recycled plutonium and uranium. It can employ all the actinides, closing the nuclear fuel cycle and potentially multiplying the energy extracted from natural uranium by about 60 times. Reprocessing must be highly controlled and carefully executed in advanced facilities by highly specialized personnel. Fuel bundles which arrive at the sites from nuclear power plants (after having cooled down for several years) are completely dissolv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
