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Ust-Karsk
Ust-Karsk (russian: Усть-карск), formerly known as Ust-Kara (russian: Усть-кара) is an urban-type settlement in the Sretensky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. The settlement is located on the northern bank of the Shilka River, near the mouth of its left tributary, the Kara River. Population: The name of the town means "Kara mouth". Climate Ust-Karsk has a pure continental climate and it is the hottest place in Siberia. On July 12, 2010, Ust-Karsk set the high temperature record for Asian Russia,. This took place during a massive heatwave felt throughout Russia and China. In the coldest winters, it can be as cold as . History The history of Ust-Kara is closely connected to that of the Kara katorga, a network of prison settlements that existed in the area in 1838–1893. Prisoners were used to work gold mines. In the early 1850s, the annual gold production on the Kara was around 70 pood (1100 kg). In the 1850s, during the preparations for the Amu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadezhda Sigida
Nadezhda Konstantinovna Sigida (russian: Наде́жда Константи́новна Сиги́да), née Malaxiano () (1862–1889), was a Russian revolutionary, heroine of the Kara katorga tragedy of 1889. Background Nadezhda Malaxiano was born into a Greek family in the city of Taganrog in 1862. She graduated from the Taganrog Mariinskaya Girls Gymnasium, and gave lessons in a church school. The family lived in a house on ''Gogolevski Street 8'', next to Anton Chekhov's family house. Nadezhda Malaxiano became involved with a Narodnaya Volya group, being one of its activists in Taganrog's underground printshop in 1885–1886 on ''Glushko Street 60''. She made a sham marriage with Akim Sigida (1868-1888) for conspiracy work at the printshop. The Don Process On 23 January 1886 following the disclosure of Narodnaya Volya's printers in Taganrog, she was arrested along with other organization members. The special hearing for her case was held in the Senate December 8–9, 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kara Katorga
Kara katorga (Russian: Карийская каторга, Kariyskaya katorga) was the name for a set of katorga prisons of extremely high security located along the Kara River in Transbaikalia (a tributary of the Shilka River, flowing into it at Ust-Karsk) and part of the system of Nerchinsk katorga. George Kennan noted in 1885, "The mines of Kara, which are the private property of his Imperial Majesty the Tsar, and are worked for his benefit, consist of a series of open gold placers." From south to north over 20 miles of the Kara River, they are Ust Kara, Lower Prison, Political Prison, Lower Diggings, Middle Kara, Upper Kara, and the Upper or Amurski Prison. The governor resides in the administrative center at Lower Diggings along with a company of soldiers and up to 300 convicts. The entire settlement area contained 1800 hard-labor convicts. It existed from 1838 to 1893. During 1873-1890 it held political prisoners. It was closed down because of the Kara Tragedy of 1889. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nerchinsk Katorga
Nerchinsk katorga (Russian: Нерчинская каторга, Nerchinskaya katorga) was a ''katorga'' system of the Russian Empire in the area of the , which embraced a large part of eastern Transbaikalia (today's Chita Oblast), near the border to China, in the 18th to 20th centuries. The District consisted of a variable number of industrial centres (''zavody''), usually operated by military administrations, the first of which, Nerchinsk, situated not far from the confluence of Nercha and Shilka Rivers, was established in the 18th century after the discovery of the area large mineral reserves.. The village of Nerchinsky Zavod, another of the District centres, was founded in 1700 by Greek mining engineers in the employ of the Russian Government. Several shafts and smelting furnaces were constructed. Starting in 1722, prisoners took over the mining. Katorga labor was used for mining lead ore and silver on tsar's private lands (so called cabinet lands) and in foundries, wine-makin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kara River (Shilka Tributary)
The Kara is a river in Transbaikalia, in Eastern Siberia. It is a left tributary of the Shilka, with the mouth at Ust-Karsk. It is long. In 1832 gold was found by the Kara. The deposit by the river was one of the richest in Transbaikalia. To man the gold mines, the system of Kara katorga Kara katorga (Russian: Карийская каторга, Kariyskaya katorga) was the name for a set of katorga prisons of extremely high security located along the Kara River in Transbaikalia (a tributary of the Shilka River, flowing into it at ... prisons (1830–98) was established. References Rivers of Zabaykalsky Krai {{Russia-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amur River
The Amur (russian: река́ Аму́р, ), or Heilong Jiang (, "Black Dragon River", ), is the world's List of longest rivers, tenth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China, Northeastern China (Inner Manchuria). The Amur proper is long, and has a drainage basin of . ''mizu'' ("water") in Japanese. The name "Amur" may have evolved from a root word for water, coupled with a size modifier for "Big Water". Its ancient Chinese names were ''Yushui'', ''Wanshui'' and ''Heishui'', formed from variants to ''shui'', meaning "water".The fishes of the Amur River:updated check-list and zoogeography'' The modern Chinese name for the river, ''Heilong Jiang'' means "Cardinal_directions#Cultural_variations, Black Dragon River", while the Manchurian language, Manchurian name ''Sahaliyan Ula'', the Mongolian names " Amar mörön " (Cyrillic: Амар мөрөн) originates from the name " Amar " meaning to rest and ''Khar mörön'' (Cyrillic: Хар ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Armed Forces
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (, ), commonly referred to as the Russian Armed Forces, are the military forces of Russia. In terms of active-duty personnel, they are the world's fifth-largest military force, with at least two million reserve personnel. Their branches consist of the Ground Forces, the Navy, and the Aerospace Forces, as well as three independent arms of service: the Strategic Rocket Forces, the Airborne Forces, and the Special Operations Forces. In 2021, Russia had the world's fifth-highest military expenditure at . The Russian Armed Forces possess the world's largest stockpile of nuclear weapons. They operate the second-largest fleet of ballistic missile submarines, and are one of only three national militaries (alongside those of the United States and China) that operate strategic bombers. With certain exceptions, Russian law mandates one year of military service for all male citizens aged 18–27, though conscripts are generally not depl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amur Annexation
The Amur Annexation was the annexation of the southeast corner of Siberia by the Russian Empire in 1858–1860 through a series of unequal treaties forced upon the Qing dynasty of China. The two areas involved are Priamurye between the Amur River and the Stanovoy Range to the north, and Primorye which runs down the coast from the Amur mouth to the Korean border, including the island of Sakhalin. The territory now known as Outer Manchuria, part of the wider region called Manchuria, was formerly under the sovereignty of Qing China. In the modern-day geography of Russia, ''Priamurye'' ("the Amur Lands") roughly corresponds to the Amur Oblast and the southern half of the Khabarovsk Krai, while ''Primorye'' ("the Maritime Lands") corresponds to the Primorsky Krai (and, possibly, adjacent sections of Khabarovsk Krai). Background Hydrologically, the Stanovoy Range separates the rivers that flow north into the Arctic from those that flow south into the Amur River. Ecologically, the ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pood
''Pood'' ( rus, пуд, r=pud, p=put, plural: or ) is a unit of mass equal to 40 ''funt'' (, Russian pound). Since 1899 it is set to approximately 16.38 kilograms (36.11 pounds). It was used in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. ''Pood'' was first mentioned in a number of 12th-century documents. Unlike '' funt'', which came at least in the 14th century from gmh, phunt, orv, пудъ (formerly written * ) is a much older borrowing from Late Latin "pondo", from Classical "pondus". Use in the past and present Together with other units of weight of the Imperial Russian weight measurement system, the USSR officially abolished the ''pood'' in 1924. But the term remained in widespread use at least until the 1940s. In his 1953 short story "Matryona's Place", Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn presents the ''pood'' as still in use amongst the Khrushchev-era Soviet peasants. Its usage is preserved in modern Russian in certain specific cases, e.g., in reference to sports weights, such as traditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zabaykalsky Krai
Zabaykalsky Krai ( rus, Забайкальский край, r=Zabaikal'skii krai, p=zəbɐjˈkalʲskʲɪj kraj, lit. "Transbaikal krai"; bua, Yбэр Байгалай хизаар, Uber Baigalai Xizaar) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that was created on March 1, 2008 as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug, after a referendum held on the issue on March 11, 2007. The Krai is now part of the Russian Far East as of November 2018 in accordance with a decree issued by Russian President Vladimir Putin. The administrative center of the krai is located in the city of Chita. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 1,107,107. Geography The krai is located within the historical region of Transbaikalia (Dauria) and has extensive international borders with China (Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang) (998 km) and Mongolia (Dornod Province, Khentii Province and Selenge Province) (868 km); its internal borders are with Irkutsk and Am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sretensky District
Sretensky District (russian: Сретенский райо́н) is an administrativeRegistry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and the Inhabited Localities and municipalLaw #316-ZZK district (raion), one of the thirty-one in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai, and borders with Mogochinsky District in the north, Gazimuro-Zavodsky District in the east, and with District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Sretensk Sretensk ( rus, Сретенск, p=ˈsrʲetʲɪnsk) is a town and the administrative center of Sretensky District in Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located on the right bank of the Shilka River (Amur basin), east of Chita, the administrative cent .... Population: 27,524 ( 2002 Census); The population of Sretensk accounts for 29.4% of the district's total population. History The district was established on January 26, 1926. References Notes Sources * * * {{Use mdy dates, date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shilka River
The Shilka (; Evenki language, Evenki: Силькари, Sil'kari; bua, Шилкэ, ''Shilke''; mn, Шилка, ''Shilka''; zh, 石勒喀) is a river in Zabaykalsky Krai, (Dauria) south-eastern Russia. It has a length of , and has a drainage basin of .Шилка (река) Great Soviet Encyclopedia The name derives from Evenki language, Evenki ''shilki'' 'narrow valley.'E.M. Pospelov, ''Geograficheskie nazvaniya mira'' (Moscow: Russkie slovari, 1998), p. 473. Course It originates as the Confluence (geography), confluence of the rivers Onon (river), Onon and Ingoda (river), Ingoda. Its confluence with the Argun (Amur), Argun on the Russia-China border gives rise to the Amur. The river is navigable for its entire length. The town Sretensk lies on the Shilka. Tributaries |
