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Urera Trinervis
''Urera trinervis'' (Hochst.) Friis & Immelman is a softly woody dioecious liane, sometimes epiphytic, climbing to 20 m, often to the canopy and hanging in festoons. It is one of some 44 species of ''Urera'' belonging to the nettle family Urticaceae. It is known in English as the tree climbing-nettle or climbing nettle. Habitat and range Found up to 1600 m, this species is widely distributed in coastal forest, forest margins, and dune forest of the Eastern Cape (as far south as Port St Johns) and KwaZulu-Natal, in eastern Zimbabwe, north along the African east coast to Ethiopia, and across tropical Africa to Ghana. It is also known from Madagascar. Description Attaching by adventitious roots, its stems are up to 10 cm in diameter, are occasionally armed with stinging hairs and exude copious and clear potable sap when cut. Bark is grey to brownish-black and longitudinally striate with large leaf scars on young branches. Pith is spongy, or stems are hollow in centre. Lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter
Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter (16 February 1787 – 20 February 1860) was a German botanist and Protestant minister. Biography Hochstetter was born in Stuttgart in Baden-Württemberg. He was the father of geologist Ferdinand Hochstetter (1829–1884). In 1807 Hochstetter received his degree of Master of Divinity in Tübingen. While still a student, he became a member of a secret organization headed by Carl Ludwig Reichenbach (1788–1869) that had designs on establishing a colony on Tahiti (''Otaheiti-Gesellschaft''). In 1808 the organization was discovered by authorities, and its members suspected of treason and arrested. Hochstetter was imprisoned for a short period of time for his small role in the secret society. Later on, he spent six months as a teacher in a private institution in Erlangen, and afterwards was a tutor for four years in the house of the Minister of Altenstein in Thuringia. In 1816 he became a pastor and school inspector in Brno, moving to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when called a perigone. The term ''perianth'' is derived from Greek περί (, "around") and άνθος (, "flower"), while ''perigonium'' is derived from περί () and γόνος (, "seed, sex organs"). In the mosses and liverworts (Marchantiophyta), the perianth is the sterile tubelike tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure (or developing sporophyte). Flowering plants In flowering plants, the perianth may be described as being either dichlamydeous/heterochlamydeous in which the calyx and corolla are clearly separate, or homochlamydeous, in which they are indistinguishable (and the sepals and petals are collectively referred to as tepals). When the perianth is in two whorls, it is described as biseriate. While the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypolimnas Salmacis
''Hypolimnas salmacis'', the blue diadem, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, the DRC, Uganda, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. The larvae feed on '' Urera hypselodendron'', '' U. trinervis'' and '' Fleurya'' species. Subspecies *''Hypolimnas salmacis salmacis'' (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Angola: Cabinda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda: west to the Bwamba Valley) *''Hypolimnas salmacis insularis'' Schultze, 1920 (Bioko) *''Hypolimnas salmacis magnifica'' Rothschild, 1918 (Uganda, western Kenya, north-western Tanzania) *''Hypolimnas salmacis platydema'' Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 (southern Ethiopia, southern Sudan) *''Hypolimnas salmacis thomensis'' Aurivillius, 1910 (São Tomé) Blue diadem (Hypolimnas salmacis salmac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Esebria
''Acraea esebria'', the dusky acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae from southern and eastern Africa. Description The wingspan is 45–55 mm for males and 53–60 mm for females. Males and females both show the same range of colouration. The dusky acraea is a variable species, but the most common form is black with a white band across the forewing and a white patch on the lower forewing and on the hindwing.Williams, M. (1994). ''Butterflies of Southern Africa: A Field Guide''. Southern Book Publishers. . There are a number of described morphs (with white, yellow or orange patches) including: *f. ''ertli'' *f. ''esebria'' *f. ''protea'' (black with creamy-yellow patches) *f. ''monteironis'' (black with white patches) *f. ''jacksoni'' Description in Seitz The numerous forms of ''A. esebria'' differ especially in the colour of the light markings, in the breadth of the subapical band and the hindmarginal spot of the forewing and in the development of the dark m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Satis
''Acraea satis'', the east coast acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Zimbabwe, KwaZulu-Natal, Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya. Description ''A. satis'' Ward (54 a). Wings above in the male light red-yellow or brown-yellow, in the female white and very thinly scaled. Forewing at the costal margin narrowly black, at the distal margin broadly hyaline with some black scales; the base of cellules 4 to 6 is broadly yellow (male) or white and distally bounded by the (sometimes indistinct) discal dots of these cellules; the median spot at the end of the cell is very thick and forms with the streak-like discal dots of cellules 3 to 1 b a curved transverse band; beyond the middle of the cell a black transverse band, which is often joined to the median spot. Hindwing in cellules 1 b to 7 with strigiform, thick discal dots, which form with the outer basal dots of cellules 1 a to 1 c and the median spots an irregular transverse band enclosing light spots in cellu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Igola
''Acraea igola'', the dusky-veined acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from the Eastern Cape along the coast to KwaZulu-Natal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, north-eastern Tanzania. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan o ... is 40–45 mm for males and 45–53 mm for females. Adults are on wing year round, with a peak from October to April. It is very scarce in dry months. Description ''A. igola'' Trim, is very similar to the two preceding species, A._orestia''_.html" ;"title="_Acraea_orestia.html" ;"title="_Acraea_quirinalis.html" ;"title="'' Acraea quirinalis">A. quirinalis'' , '' Acraea orestia">A. orestia'' ">_Acraea_orestia.html" ;"title="_Acraea_quirinalis.html" ;"title="'' Acraea quirinalis">A. quirinalis'' , '' Acraea ores ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Semivitrea
''Acraea semivitrea'', the glassy acraea, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, western Kenya and north-western Tanzania. Description ''A. semivitrea'' Auriv. (27 b). Forewing diaphanous with fine black veins and black margins; the broad marginal band forms on its proximal side triangular black spots on veins 2-5. Hindwing above at the base black-brown with black dots and at the distal margin with a broad black band, between these with light median band, widened at the inner margin, sulphur-yellow in cellules la, lb, 1 c and 2 and often also in the cell, but in the other cellules diaphanous. On the under surface all the black parts of the upperside are bright light yellow; the black streaks on the interneural folds are proximally thickened, distally pointed, and often do not quite reach the distal margin; cell with 2 or 3, cellule 7 with 1 or 2 black dots; cellules 2-6 without discal dots. Congo to Ugand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acraea Johnstoni
''Acraea johnstoni'', or Johnston's acraea, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae that is native to East Africa. Range It is found in southern Sudan, northern Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, western Mozambique and eastern Zimbabwe. Description ''A. johnstoni'', only differs from '' lycoa'' in not having the basal area of the hindwing uniformly rounded distally, but more or less projecting or angled in cellule 4; this character is especially pronounced on the under surface. The species is no less variable than ''lycoa''; the light spots of the fore wing are light yellow or white and the spot in 1b is placed quite free; the forms are connected by intermediates. Palpus yellowish. * ''johnstoni'' Godm. (57 d). The black ground-colour of the forewing above is restricted to the base and the distal margin, being covered in the middle by a very broad orange-yellow band, irregularly defined distally, which reaches the light yellow spots, but extends scarcely or no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a reduced pair of forelegs and many hold their colourful wings flat when resting. They are also called brush-footed butterflies or four-footed butterflies, because they are known to stand on only four legs while the other two are curled up; in some species, these forelegs have a brush-like set of hairs, which gives this family its other common name. Many species are brightly coloured and include popular species such as the emperors, monarch butterfly, admirals, tortoiseshells, and fritillaries. However, the under wings are, in contrast, often dull and in some species look remarkably like dead leaves, or are much paler, producing a cryptic effect that helps the butterflies blend into their surroundings. Nomenclature Rafinesque introduced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abnormal (such as with electrical problems within the heart). Complications Tachycardia can lead to fainting. When the rate of blood flow becomes too rapid, or fast blood flow passes on damaged endothelium, it increases the friction within vessels resulting in turbulence and other disturbances. According to the Virchow's triad, this is one of the three conditions that can lead to thrombosis (i.e., blood clots within vessels). Causes Some causes of tachycardia include: * Adrenergic storm * Anaemia * Anxiety * Atrial fibrillation * Atrial flutter * Atrial tachycardia * Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia * AV nodal reentrant tachycardia * Brugada syndrome * Circulatory shock and its various causes ( obstr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cameroon
Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Its coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. Due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West Africa and Central Africa, it has been categorized as being in both camps. Its nearly 27 million people speak 250 native languages. Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad, and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest. Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area ''Rio dos Camarões'' (''Shrimp River''), which became ''Cameroon'' in English. Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scabies
Scabies (; also sometimes known as the seven-year itch) is a contagious skin infestation by the mite ''Sarcoptes scabiei''. The most common symptoms are severe itchiness and a pimple-like rash. Occasionally, tiny burrows may appear on the skin. In a first-ever infection, the infected person usually develops symptoms within two to six weeks. During a second infection, symptoms may begin within 24 hours. These symptoms can be present across most of the body or just certain areas such as the wrists, between fingers, or along the waistline. The head may be affected, but this is typically only in young children. The itch is often worse at night. Scratching may cause skin breakdown and an additional bacterial infection in the skin. Scabies is caused by infection with the female mite '' Sarcoptes scabiei ''var.'' hominis'', an ectoparasite. The mites burrow into the skin to live and deposit eggs. The symptoms of scabies are due to an allergic reaction to the mites. Often, only betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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