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Upasampadā
Upasampadā (Pali) literally denotes "approaching or nearing the ascetic tradition." In more common parlance it specifically refers to the rite and ritual of ascetic vetting (ordination) by which a candidate, if deemed acceptable, enters the community as upasampadān (ordained) and is authorised to undertake ascetic life. According to Buddhist monastic codes ( Vinaya), a person must be 20 years old in order to become a monk or nun. A person under the age of 20 years cannot undertake upasampadā (i.e., become a monk (''bhikkhu'') or nun ('' bhikkhuni'')), but can become a novice (m. '' samanera'', f. '' samaneri''). After a year or at the age of 20, a novice will be considered for upasampadā. Traditionally, the upasampadā ritual is performed within a well-demarcated and consecrated area called '' sima'' (''sima malaka'') and needs to be attended by a specified number of monks: "ten or even five in a remoter area". [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordination Hall
The ordination hall (Pali: ''sīmā'') is a Buddhist building specifically consecrated and designated for the performance of the Buddhist ordination ritual (''upasampadā'') and other ritual ceremonies, such as the recitation of the Pāṭimokkha. The ordination hall is located within a boundary () that defines "the space within which all members of a single local community have to assemble as a complete Sangha () at a place appointed for ecclesiastical acts ()." The constitution of the ''sīmā'' is regulated and defined by the Vinaya and its commentaries and sub-commentaries. Burmese ordination halls In Burmese, ordination halls are called ''thein'' (), derived from the Pali term , meaning "boundary". The ''thein'' is a common feature of Burmese monasteries ('' kyaung''), although the ''thein '' may be not necessarily be located on the monastery compound itself. Shan ordination halls, called ''sim'' (သိမ်ႇ)'','' are exclusively used for events limited to the monkhoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pabbajjā
''Pabbajjā'' (Pali; Skt.: ) literally means "to go forth" and refers to an ordination in Buddhism when a layperson leaves home to live the life of a Buddhist renunciate among a community of bhikkhus (fully ordained monks). This generally involves preliminary ordination as a novice (m. '' samanera'', f. '' samaneri''). It is sometimes referred to as "lower ordination". It is the ceremony that precedes the upasampadā ordination and allows the novice to experience monastic life for the first time. After a period or when the novice reaches 20 years of age, the novice can be considered for the upasampadā ordination (or "higher ordination") whereby the novice becomes a monk (bhikkhu) or nun ( bhikkhuni). It has been used in pre-Buddhist religions along with traditions of later Buddhism. The role of pabbajjā to become a samanera is a way to train oneself in separation to experience spiritual transformation. The term pabbajjā refers to withdrawing from worldly affairs and social o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shinbyu
Shinbyu (; , also spelt shinpyu) is the Burmese term for a novitiate, novitiation ceremony (pabbajja) in the tradition of Theravada, Theravada Buddhism, referring to the celebrations marking the Śrāmaṇera, sāmaṇera (novitiate) monastic ordination of a boy under the age of 20. Shinbyu is considered one of the Twelve Auspicious Rites in Burmese culture. It is deemed the most important duty that parents owe to their son by letting him go forth and embrace the legacy of Gautama Buddha, join the sangha and become immersed in the teachings of the Buddha, the Dharma, Dhamma, at least for a short while, perhaps longer if not for the rest of his life. A boy may become a novice on more than one occasion, but by the age of twenty there will be another great occasion, the upasampada ordination, in which the boy becomes a fully ordained bhikkhu ( ''bazin''). Those who are not blessed with a male child will seek for an orphan boy or a boy from very poor families in order to receive this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poy Sang Long
Poy sang long () is a rite of passage ceremony among the Shan peoples, in Myanmar and in neighbouring northern Thailand, undergone by boys at some point between seven and fourteen years of age. It consists of taking novice monastic vows and participating in monastery life for a period of time that can vary from a week to many months or more. Usually, a large group of boys are ordained as sāmaṇera (novitiate monk) at the same time. Etymology The Tai Yai name ''poy sang long'' is decomposed as follows: * ''poy'' (ပွႆး) meaning 'event', borrowed from Burmese ''pwe'' (ပွဲ); *''sang'' (သၢင်ႇ), thought to come from either ''khun sang'' ('brahman') or ''sang'' ('novice monk'); *''long'' (လွင်း), from ''along'' meaning Bodhisattva or 'king's lineage', borrowed from Burmese ''alaung'' (အလောင်း). ''Long'' (လွင်း), from Burmese ''laung'' (လောင်း), also means "stage before the final change."Moeng, S. T. (1995). ''Sha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pāṭimokkha
In Theravada Buddhism, the Pāṭimokkha is the basic code of monastic discipline, consisting of 227 rules for fully ordained monks (bhikkhus) and 311 for nuns (bhikkhuni, bhikkhuṇīs). It is contained in the Suttavibhanga, Suttavibhaṅga, a division of the Vinaya Pitaka, Vinaya Piṭaka. Pārājika The four pārājikas (lit. "defeats") are rules entailing expulsion from the Sangha (Buddhism), sangha for life. If a monk breaks any one of the rules he is automatically "defeated" in the holy life and falls from monkhood immediately. He is not allowed to become a monk again in his lifetime. Intention is necessary in all these four cases to constitute an offence. The four parajikas for bhikkus are: # Sexual intercourse: engaging in any sexual intercourse. # Stealing: the robbery of anything worth more than 1/24 troy ounce of gold (as determined by local law). # Killing: bringing about the death of a human being—whether by killing the person, arranging for an assassin to ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buddhist Monasticism
Buddhist monasticism is one of the earliest surviving forms of organized monasticism and one of the fundamental institutions of Buddhism. Monks and nuns, called bhikkhu (Pāli, Pali, Skt. bhikshu) and bhikkhuni (Skt. bhikshuni), are responsible for the preservation and dissemination of the Buddha's teaching and the guidance of Buddhist lay people. Three surviving traditions of monastic discipline (Vinaya), govern modern monastic life in different regional traditions: Theravada (Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia), Dharmaguptaka (East Asia), and Mulasarvastivada (Tibet and the Himalayan region). History and development Buddhism originated as a renunciant tradition, practiced by ascetics who had departed from lay life. According to Buddhist tradition, the order of monks and nuns was founded by Gautama Buddha during his lifetime between the fifth and fourth centuries BCE when he accepted a group of fellow renunciants as his followers. The Buddhist monastic lifestyle grew out of the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pali
Pāli (, IAST: pāl̤i) is a Classical languages of India, classical Middle Indo-Aryan languages, Middle Indo-Aryan language of the Indian subcontinent. It is widely studied because it is the language of the Buddhist ''Pali Canon, Pāli Canon'' or ''Tripiṭaka, Tipiṭaka'' as well as the sacred language of ''Theravada, Theravāda'' Buddhism. Pali was designated as a Classical languages of India, classical language by the Government of India on 3 October 2024. Origin and development Etymology The word 'Pali' is used as a name for the language of the Theravada canon. The word seems to have its origins in commentarial traditions, wherein the (in the sense of the line of original text quoted) was distinguished from the commentary or vernacular translation that followed it in the manuscript. K. R. Norman suggests that its emergence was based on a misunderstanding of the compound , with being interpreted as the name of a particular language. The name Pali does not appear in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vinaya
The Vinaya (Pali and Sanskrit: विनय) refers to numerous monastic rules and ethical precepts for fully ordained monks and nuns of Buddhist Sanghas (community of like-minded ''sramanas''). These sets of ethical rules and guidelines developed over time during the Buddha's life. More broadly, the term also refers to the tradition of Buddhist ethical conduct. The term "Vinaya" also refers to a genre of Buddhist texts which contain these precepts and rules and discuss their application, along with various stories of how the rules arose and how they are to be applied. Various lists and sets of Vinaya precepts were codified and compiled after the Buddha's death in different Vinaya texts.The 17th Karmapa Orgyen Trinley Dorje. "The development of the Vinaya rules for monastics and the Pratimoksha Sutra precepts". August 2022. Transcribed by Adele Tomlin, ''Dakini Translations'', 02 September 2022. As one of the main components of the canonical Buddhist canons (Tripiṭakas), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhikkhu
A ''bhikkhu'' (, ) is an ordained male in Buddhist monasticism. Male, and female monastics (''bhikkhunī''), are members of the Sangha (Buddhist community). The lives of all Buddhist monastics are governed by a set of rules called the pratimokṣa, prātimokṣa or pāṭimokkha, pātimokkha. Their lifestyles are shaped to support their spiritual practice: to live a simple and meditative life and attain Nirvana (Buddhism), nirvana. A person under the age of 20 cannot be ordained as a bhikkhu or bhikkhuni but can be ordained as a samanera, śrāmaṇera or śrāmaṇērī. Definition ''Bhikkhu'' literally means "begging, beggar" or "one who lives by dāna, alms". The historical Buddha, Gautama Buddha, Prince Siddhartha, having abandoned a life of pleasure and status, lived as an alms mendicant as part of his śramaṇa lifestyle. Those of his more serious students who renounced their lives as householders and came to study full-time under his supervision also adopted this lifest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samanera
A (Pali; ), is a novice male monk in a Buddhist context. A female novice nun is in , and in or . In Tibetan Buddhism, a female novice nun is known by the Tibetan language term , and a male novice monk is a . ''Kopan Monastery''. Etymology The is a Pali language diminutive equivalent to the Sanskrit term , which indicates an ascetic practitioner. Therefore, might be said to mean "small or young renunciate (ascetic)". In some South and Southeast Asian Buddhist traditions, the term refers to someone who has taken the initial pravrajya vows but n ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
