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Union For The Defense Of The Motherland And Freedom
The Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom was a military anti-Bolshevik organization. Created by Boris Savinkov in March 1918 with the sanction of the command of the Volunteer Army in the person of Generals Lavr Kornilov and Mikhail Alekseev. In July 1918, organized the Yaroslavl, Rybinsk and Murom revolts. Uprising in Moscow and Kazan was also preparing, but the arrests of some members of the union in May 1918 thwarted them. After the suppression of the uprisings, the organization actually broke up. It had branches in Moscow, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Murom, Kazan and other cities. In January 1921, it was reinstated at a meeting of Russian emigrants in Warsaw under the name People's Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom. During 1921–23, the organization made attempts to fight and subversive against the Bolshevik regime: volunteers from the People's Union were sent to the Soviet Union to organize military units and underground groups in order to counter B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1918
This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January – 1918 flu pandemic: The "Spanish flu" ( influenza) is first observed in Haskell County, Kansas. * January 4 – The Finnish Declaration of Independence is recognized by Soviet Russia, Sweden, Germany and France. * January 9 – Battle of Bear Valley: U.S. troops engage Yaqui Native American warriors in a minor skirmish in Arizona, and one of the last battles of the American Indian Wars between the United States and Native Americans. * January 15 ** The keel of is laid in Britain, the first purpose-designed aircraft carrier to be laid down. ** The Red Army (The Workers and Peasants Red Army) is formed in the Russian SFSR and Soviet Union. * January 18 - The Historic Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Leninism
Leninism is a political ideology developed by Russian Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party as the political prelude to the establishment of communism. The function of the Leninist vanguard party is to provide the working classes with the political consciousness (education and organisation) and revolutionary leadership necessary to depose capitalism in the Russian Empire (1721–1917). Leninist revolutionary leadership is based upon ''The Communist Manifesto'' (1848), identifying the communist party as "the most advanced and resolute section of the working class parties of every country; that section which pushes forward all others." As the vanguard party, the Bolsheviks viewed history through the theoretical framework of dialectical materialism, which sanctioned political commitment to the successful overthrow of capitalism, and then to instituting socialism; and, as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frīdrihs Briedis
Frīdrihs Briedis (June 23, 1888 – August 28, 1918) was a Latvian colonel and one of the most famous Latvian Riflemen commanders. He was posthumously the recipient of all classes of the Order of Lāčplēsis. Early life To escape dishonest and harsh baronial treatment, Briedis' father moved the family from Vidzeme to Vitebsk Governorate (today's Shumilina Raion in Belarus), where he obtained forest land, cleared it for growing corn, and built the house where Briedis was born, the youngest of three children.M. Akmenājs, ed. ''Briedis, A Concise Biography with 12 Illustrations Based on a Manuscript by Aleksandrs Plensners.'' M. Goppers, Sweden. 1963. Briedis' upbringing, particularly his mother's influence, engendered in him a devout nature. He graduated with distinction from the local rural district (''pagasts''When translated as "parish" in English, "''pagasts''" refers to local rural organization as found in England by that name, unrelated to religion.) and local congrega ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kārlis Goppers
Kārlis Goppers (russian: Карл Иванович Гоппер; April 2, 1876 – March 25, 1941) was a Russian and Latvian military officer, veteran of World War I and the Russian Civil War and the founder and President of Latvijas Skautu un Gaidu Centrālā Organizācija (Latvian Scout and Guide Central Organization). Background Born to a Latvian peasant family in the Livonian Governorate of the Russian Empire, Goppers volunteered for the Imperial Russian Army in 1893. In 1894, after training, he was promoted to junior non-commisioned officer, and later that year was admitted to the Vilna military school, from which he graduated in 1896 as a '' podpraproshchik''. By March 1916 he had risen to the rank of colonel, and served as the commander of the 7th Bauska riflemen regiment until February 1917. During World War I he was wounded three times. in October 1917, still under the Russian Provisional Government, he was promoted to the rank of major general, but due to the Bol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syndicate–2
"Syndicate–2" was an operational game developed and carried out by the State Political Directorate, aimed at eliminating the Savinkov's anti–Soviet underground. Background The interest of the famous terrorist Boris Savinkov to participate in underground anti–Soviet activities prompted the extraordinary commissioners to develop a plan to involve him in such activities under the supervision of special services, in order to eliminate the entire underground network. Such a plan was developed in the Counterintelligence Department of the State Political Administration under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, created in 1922. On May 12, 1922, a circular letter "On the Savinkov's Organization" was issued (it was published on the fourth day of the department's existence and became the first circular letter published). This letter addressed the issue of a new method of counterintelligence work – the creation of legendar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joint State Political Directorate
The Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU; russian: Объединённое государственное политическое управление) was the Intelligence agency, intelligence and state security service and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1923 to 1934. The OGPU was formed from the State Political Directorate of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic one year after the Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, founding of the Soviet Union and responsible to the Council of People's Commissars. The agency operated inside and outside the Soviet Union, persecuting political criminals and opponents of the Bolsheviks such as White émigré, White émigrés, Soviet dissidents, and anti-communists. The OGPU was based in the Lubyanka Building in Moscow and headed by Felix Dzerzhinsky until his death in 1926 and then Vyacheslav Menzhinsky until it was reincorporated as the Main Directorate of State Security (GUGB) of the NKV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Prokhorov
Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov (born Alexander Michael Prochoroff, russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Про́хоров; 11 July 1916 – 8 January 2002) was an Australian-born Soviet-Russian physicist known for his pioneering research on lasers and masers in the Soviet Union for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 with Charles Hard Townes and Nikolay Basov. Early life Alexander Michael Prochoroff was born on 11 July 1916 at Russell Road, Peeramon, Queensland, Australia (now 322 Gadaloff Road, Butchers Creek, situated about 30 km from Atherton), to Mikhail Ivanovich Prokhorov and Maria Ivanovna (née Mikhailova), Russian revolutionaries who had emigrated from Russia to escape repression by the tsarist regime. As a child he attended Butchers Creek State School.Tablelander (newspaper) 19 July 2016 'Prokharov centenary' In 1923, after the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War, the family returned to Russia. In 1934, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya entsiklopediya'' (or '' Great Russian Encyclopedia'') in an updated and revised form. The GSE claimed to be "the first Marxist–Leninist general-purpose encyclopedia". Origins The idea of the ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' emerged in 1923 on the initiative of Otto Schmidt, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In early 1924 Schmidt worked with a group which included Mikhail Pokrovsky, (rector of the Institute of Red Professors), Nikolai Meshcheryakov (Former head of the Glavit, the State Administration of Publishing Affairs), Valery Bryusov (poet), Veniamin Kagan (mathematician) and Konstantin Kuzminsky to draw up a proposal which was agreed to in April 1924. Also involved was Anatoly Lunacharsky, People's Commissar of Education ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Alekseyev
Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev (russian: Михаил Васильевич Алексеев) ( – ) was an Imperial Russian Army general during World War I and the Russian Civil War. Between 1915 and 1917 he served as Tsar Nicholas II's Chief of Staff of the Stavka, and after the February Revolution, was its commander-in-chief under the Russian Provisional Government from March to May 1917. He later played a principal role in founding the Volunteer Army in the Russian Civil War and died in 1918 of heart failure while fighting the Bolsheviks in the Volga region. Biography Alekseyev was born in Vyazma, in the Smolensk Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Smolensk Oblast, Russia). His father, Vasili Alekseyev, was an army captain in the 64th Kazan Regiment from a modest background. In 1873 Alekseyev entered as a volunteer in the 2nd Grenadiers Regiment in Rostov. He graduated from the Moscow Infantry School in 1876 and was commissioned an ensign in the same 64th Kaza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lavr Kornilov
Lavr Georgiyevich Kornilov (russian: Лавр Гео́ргиевич Корни́лов, ; – 13 April 1918) was a Russian military intelligence officer, explorer, and general in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and the ensuing Russian Civil War. Kornilov was of Siberian Cossack origin. Today he is best remembered for the Kornilov Affair, an unsuccessful endeavor in August/September 1917 that was intended to strengthen Alexander Kerensky's Provisional Government, but which led to Kerensky eventually having Kornilov arrested and charged with attempting a coup d'état, and ultimately undermined Kerensky's rule. Kornilov escaped from jail in November 1917 and subsequently became the military commander of the anti-Bolshevik Volunteer Army which took the charge of anti-Bolshevik opposition in the south of Russia. He and his troops were badly outnumbered in many of their encounters, and he was killed by a shell on 13 April 1918 while laying siege to Ekaterinodar, the cap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volunteer Army
The Volunteer Army (russian: Добровольческая армия, translit=Dobrovolcheskaya armiya, abbreviated to russian: Добрармия, translit=Dobrarmiya) was a White Army active in South Russia during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1920. The Volunteer Army fought against Bolsheviks on the Southern Front and the Ukrainian War of Independence. In 1919 it was made part of the Armed Forces of South Russia, becoming the largest force of the White movement until it was merged with the Army of Wrangel in March 1920. History Formation The Volunteer Army began forming in November/December 1917 under the leadership of General Mikhail Alekseyev and General Lavr Kornilov in Novocherkassk, shortly after the Russian Civil War began following the October Revolution. It organized to fight against the Bolsheviks in South Russia. Alekseyev and Kornilov enlisted supporters, which initially included volunteering officers, cadets, students, and Cossacks. Of the first 3,000 rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rybinsk Uprising
The Rybinsk Uprising was a White Guard uprising in Rybinsk on July 8, 1918, carried out by Boris Savinkov's anti–Bolshevik organization «Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom» created in March 1918 with the approval of the command of the Volunteer Army in the person of generals Lavr Kornilov and Mikhail Alekseev. Preconditions of the uprising By July 1918, the Bolshevik government had lost a significant part of the territory of Russia and actually controlled only its central part, including Moscow and Petrograd. Under these conditions, according to Boris Savinkov's plan, the "Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom" was supposed to raise an uprising in the central regions and then defeat the Bolsheviks with the help of the Entente's intervention. The main force of the rebels was to be regular officers of the tsarist army, as well as local residents, workers, peasants, members of the banned Menshevik, constitutional democrats parties, and so on, dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
